Video modes and modelines

Video modelines.
Raw data for raw nerves.
Description of the signals to be done later.

Signal anatomy:
Pixel clock - the heart of display timing, elementary timing unit; everything else counts in the pixel clock ticks
            - time interval of 1/frequency
            - duration of an interval equals number of pixels divided by frequency
Active area - commonly understood as the resolution; the rectangular set of pixels that are visible
Active pixels - the visible part of the line
Active lines - the lines of the visible image
Total area - the active area plus invisible components in the blanking intervals
Total pixels - Htotal - visible part of the line + horizontal blanking interval
Total lines - Vtotal - visible lines + vertical blanking interval
Horizontal blanking interval (HBI) - front porch interval + hsync pulse length + back porch interval; in pixels; timescale in ns
Vertical blanking interval (VBI) - number of front-porch lines + hsync pulse length + back-porch lines; in lines; timescale in us
            - calibration signals, teletext, copy-restriction, and other data commonly in the invisible lines in back porch
Front porch, back porch - period before and after sync pulse
Sync polarity - negative, "-", for falling edge-rising edge (timing on falling edge)
              - positive, "+", for rising edge-falling edge (less common)
Progressive scan - "p", each frame is drawn separately in one go
Interlacing - "i", each frame consists of two halves, showing odd and then even lines
            - half the lines for the same vertical frequency (at half the frame rate) that's critical to flicker, half the data, half the bandwidth
            - introduces various artefacts, lower-quality than progressive scan
            - there is a vertical porch-synch-porch in the middle of the frame, and one extra scanline to shift the half-image
            - the total lines MUST be odd for interlaced modes

Overscan - black pixels/lines on the sides; usually eats into the active area, or maaaaay be taken out of the porches
         - if enabled and nonzero overscan shrinks the available framebuffer, it is the former
         - can be used to force custom resolutions slightly smaller than screen without putzing with display timing

pixel time = 1 / PixelClock
line time  = Htotal / PixelClock
hsyncFreq  = PixelClock / Htotal
frame time = Vtotal * line time
frame rate = PixelClock / ( Htotal * Vtotal )

Translation to modelines:
horizontal (in pixels):
  width      = x part of resolution
  sync start = width + front porch (h)
  sync end   = width + front porch (h) + hsync
  total      = width + front porch (h) + hsync + back porch (h)
vertical (in lines):
  height     = y part of resolution
  sync start = height + front porch (v)
  sync end   = height + front porch (v) + vsync
  total      = height + front porch (v) + vsync + back porch (v)

To confuse things, in the area of TV signals the resolutions are typically listed in active/visible pixels,
but the signal types are often referred to by their total lines.
Hence e.g. a NTSC 720x480@59.94p can be also called 525p, as the 480 visible lines are part of total of 525 lines.
Similarly, PAL 720x576@50p is called 625p.
In the old dying field of SDTV, the more common variants are 525i and 625i, interlaced NTSC and PAL.
Choice depends on the scope of reference - displayed image vs transmitted signal.

NTSC framerates are often weird fractions like 59.94 Hz (p) or 29.97 Hz (i). It used to be 60 or 30 Hz.
Color broadcasting required shifting the frequency by 1/1001 to avoid interference patterns.

Aspect ratios, x:y

also Paper size
RPi is the aspect_ratio ID for Raspberry Pi video configuration. sdtv_aspect matches 1/2/3, undocumented for others.

     ratio    :9     :1     RPi  uses
!     1:1      9      1         square; classic Kodak photos, large-format photos; instagram; shows well in both display orientations; also slide projectors
     32:27    10.6    1.185     compressed for cameras; DVCPRO HD; 640x540, 1280x1080
     14:11    11.455  1.273     photo prints, 14x11"
     19:16            1.1875    "Movietone ratio", 1926-1932 when film converted to sound
!!    4:3     12      1.333   1 common digital cameras; 35mm silent films (24.89x18.67mm), SDTV; still camera photos, Super 35mm, MPEG-2 compression; 320x240, 640x480, 1440x1080, 1600x1200
                      1.37      film, 16mm and 35mm
                      1.375     film, Academy format (22x16mm); old 4:3 made narrower by including audio track
                      1.43      IMAX, 70mm film
!     3:2     13.5    1.5       common digital cameras; NTSC DV; still camera photos, classic 35mm film (36x24mm), DSLR; 4x6" prints; VistaVision film; Game Boy Advance, some tablets; paper format; JIS-B paper formats; DV-NTSC; 720x480, 1920x1280, 2400x1600
!!    5:4     11.25   1.25    4 PAL DV, early 405-line TV; common medium/large-format photos, 4x5"/8x10" prints; once-popular for large CRT monitors, for CAD/DTP; 1280x1024 SXGA, 720x576, 1500x1200
     22:17    11.647  1.294     paper format; US Letter/Carta
      7:5     12.6    1.4       photo prints, 7x5"
              12.726  1.414     paper format; A/B/C-series ISO paper formats (eg. A4), JIS-A
!    14:9     14      1.556   2 14:9 aspect ratio; compromise between 4:3 and 16:9, acceptable on both; used to shoot ads
!!   16:10    14.4    1.6     5 8:5; 16:10 aspect ratio; many tablets, suitable for reading books; for a while common in computer displays, displaced by 16:9; 1280x800, 1440x900, 1680x1050, 1920x1200, 2560x1600, 3840x2400
     28:17    14.824  1.647     paper format; US Legal
!     5:3     15      1.667   6 5:3, European 35mm widescreen; 800x480p, 1280x768p; Super 16mm film; large-format photos; also compromise between 4:3 and 1.85:1 theatrical; 800x480, 1280x768
      7:4     15.75   1.75      early 35mm widescreen, MGM and Warner Bros 1953-1955
!!   16:9     16      1.778   3 "1.78:1", most common widescreen for HDTV; 16:9 aspect ratio; APS-H still camera photos (30.2x16.7mm); MPEG-2; 1920x1080, 2560x1440, 3840x2160, 7680x4320
!    37:20    16.65   1.85      "Flat DCI"; common US cinema ratio for 35mm film (see also 2.39:1), Ultra 16mm; 4-perf or 3-perf; one of most common projections; 1998x1080, 3996x2160
     15:8     16.875  1.875
!   256:135   17.067  1.896     "Full DCI"; DCI/SMPTE digital cinema basic resolution container aspect ratio; supported by Raspi4, 2048x1080, 4096x2160
      2:1     18      2         "Univisium", 18:9; many smartphones, cheap VR displays, most VR cameras; mandated by Netflix and Amazon Video for production; 2160x1080, 4320x2160, 5760x2880
     37:18    18.5    2.056     many smartphones
     39:18    19.5    2.167     Apple iPhone X, Xs, Xs Max, 11, 11 Pro, 11 Pro Max
     11:5     19.8    2.2       70mm standard; 2.21 in MPEG2, rarely used
!    21:9     21      2.333   7 "CEA", some smartphones; a range of nearly-identical ratios, mostly 64:27 and 43:18; 21:9 family is a "CEA aspect ratio" (Consumer Electronics Association)
   1678:715   21.15   2.3469    Cinemascope, ~47:20; 35mm film, classic CinemaScope, Modern Anamorphic, 1957 to 1970; Bollywood standard
!    64:27    21.333  2.370   8 Cinemascope, "21:9"; Ultrawide Cinema; exponential anamorphic scaling, 4:3/16:9/64:27; 21:9 aspect ratio; rare in TVs, common with projectors; 2560x1080p, 3440x1440, 5120x2160, 7680x3240, 10240x4320
!! 1024:429   21.483  2.386     Cinemascope, "2.39"; film, Modern Anamorphic, post 1970; common US cinema ratio (also 1.85:1); 35mm 2-perf, Techniscope; 2048x858, 4096x1716, 8192x3432
     43:18    21.5    2.389     Cinemascope, "21:9" (IT-only); computer monitors; 35mm anamorphic since 1970; "Panavision", "Scope"; 3440x1440, 6880x2880
     12:5     21.6    2.4       Cinemascope, "21:9"; computer monitors; rounded form of 2.39:1. Blu-Ray may use only 800 lines instead of 803 or 804 lines of 2.39, rounding to 2.4; 2880x1200, 3840x1600, 4320x1800, 5760x2400, 7680x3200
     51:20   ~23      2.55      original CinemaScope before sound added in 1954
    ~13:5    ~23.31   2.59      Cinerama at full height
      8:3     24      2.667     "24:9" (IT-only); Super 16 mm full frame output; 2880x1080, 3840x1440, 5120x1920, 5760x2160, 7680x2880, 10240x3840
    ~11:4     24.84   2.76      Ultra Panavision 70/MGM Camera 65; only few movies
      3:1     27      3         APS-P film cameras (P=panorama)
     16:5     28.8    3.2       "32:10" (IT-only); Samsung extra-wide bent display; 3840x1200, 5120x1600, 5760x1800, 7680x2400, 10240x3200
     32:9     32      3.556     "32:9" (IT-only); Samsung/Phillips "Super Ultrawide Displays", 2017; 3840x1080, 5120x1440, 7680x2160, 10240x2880
     18:5     32.4    3.6       36:10; IMAX Ultra-WideScreen 3.6; did not spread; see also ScreenX 270deg
      4:1     36      4         "ultra-widescreen 3.6"; Polyvision, three 35mm 4:3 projected side by side; 4320x1200, 5760×1600, 6480x1800, 8640x2400
     12:1    108     12         Circle-Vision 360deg, for Disneyland (1955); nine 35mm 4:3 projected to cylindrical screen

letterboxing: black horizontal bars above/below
pillarboxing: black horizontal bars left/right
windowboxing: black frame around
cropping: part of image not displayed

TODO: find the timings/modelines
As of May 2013, video timings in this 64:27 aspect ratio are supported by the technical specification that defines video timings for the HDMI interface, CTA 861-F:[4]

1280×720p, anamorphic pixel aspect ratio of 4:3
1680×720p, near-square pixel aspect ratio of 64:63
1920×1080p, anamorphic pixel aspect ratio of 4:3
2560×1080p, square pixel aspect ratio
3840×2160p, anamorphic pixel aspect ratio of 4:3
In November 2016, CTA (formerly CEA) published CTA-861-G[5] with these additional video timings in 64:27, as well as additional frame rates (48 Hz, 100/120 Hz UHD):

5120×2160p, square pixel aspect ratio
7680×4320p, anamorphic pixel aspect ratio of 4:3
10240×4320p, square pixel aspect ratio
All of the above timings are supported at frame rates of 23.97, 24, 25, 29.97, 30, 47.95, 48, 50, 59.94, 60, 100, 119.88 and 120 Hz.

Aspect ratio encoding can be made the part of the signal. For analog, there are specifications
for encoding the hints in the vertical blanking interval digital data. For digital, the CVT timings standard
allows encoding of the most common aspect ratios in vertical sync length.

Pixel aspect ratio

Usually, the display is assumed to have square pixels, with 1:1 x-y dimensions. This is not always the case,
especially in the case of CRT screens.

The LCD/OLED/plasma screens are arrays of discrete pixels, individually addressable, size fixed from manufacture.

CRT screens are flat slabs of phosphor, lit with a scanning electron beam. The precise position of beam is controlled
in analog ways, with possible independent adjustments of actual width and height. The tradeoffs between aspect ratio
and usage of screen "real estate" can be chosen by turning knobs. The beam thickness can be sometimes also adjusted,
to make the traces wider (more common with oscilloscopes).

For CRT screens, neither the horizontal nor the vertical resolutions are fixed. The number of lines can vary widely,
from overlapping lines smearing the details to image made of visible discrete horizontal lines with spaces in between.
The number of pixels per line can vary widely, depending only on the achievable modulation rate of the beam,
and can be very arbitrary.

Often, the aspect ratio of physical image and of the horz/vert pixel counts does not match. Then the pixels have to be
counted as non-square, with pixel aspect ratio (PAR) being slightly or far off 1:1. CGA resolution of 640x200
is an example, where 16:5 resolution is shown on 4:3 screen, resulting in narrow tall 1:2.4 (12:5) pixels.

Another common example is the CRT-born analog TV, where at the same height of 480 pixels (NTSC) the line can have usual
720 samples (mapping 3:2 to 4:3 with PAR 8:9, or to 16:9 with PAR 32:27), or 640 samples (for square pixels 1:1 in 4:3,
or PAR 4:3 in 16:9), or 864 samples (9:5 to 4:3 with PAR 20:27, or to 16:9 with PAR 80:81, taken as 1:1; pure multiply
gives 853.333 pixels ideal width, digital handling requires multiple of 16 or ideally 32, 27*32=864).

Anamorphic tricks

Often it is more desirable to process and display data in different aspect ratio. In cinema, widescreen
image can be squeezed onto a 4:3 film field by using anamorphic lens, with different magnification factor
in horizontal vs vertical.

The same trick is used in digital handling. Eg. 1920x1080 is often acquired/stored/handled as 1440x1080 or 1200x1080,
then horizontally scaled by 4/3 or 3/2. Such low-integer ratios are common, friendly to digital scaling and
producing minimal artefacts.

Frame rates, Hz

typical multiples:
  0.5x     1x      1.5x    2x     2.5x     3x      4x       5x      6x      7x      8x      9x     10x
   4.5      9       13.5   18      22.5    27      36       45      54      63     [72]     81      90
   6       12       18    [24]    [30]     36     [48]     [60]    [72]     84     [96]    108    [120]
   8       16      [24]    32      40     [48]     64       80     [96]    112     128    [144]    160
  10       20      [30]    40     [50]    [60]     80     [100]    120     140     160     180     200
          [23.976]         47.952          71.928  95.904
  12      [24]      36    [48]    [60]    [72]     96     [120]   [144]    168     192     216     240
  12.5    [25]      37.5  [50]     62.5   [75]   [100]     125     150     175     200     225     250
          [29.97]         [59.94]          89.91  119.88
  15      [30]      45    [60]     75      90    [120]     150     180     210     240     270     300


c        1                   security cameras
c        5                   some low-end videoconferencing; security cameras; threshold framerate for lie detection
c        7.5                 security cameras, still with low-ish chopping
c        8                   lowest framerate to catch a thief (would 7.5 do?); https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1427639/1/Sasse_ACM_UCL.pdf
c       10                   some low-end videoconferencing; security cameras
c       12                   some multimedia; videoconferencing; lowest barely usable; video begins looking smooth
c       15                   some multimedia; videoconferencing; common for security cameras; some bullet-time 4k cameras
  f     16                   early Lumiere Brothers films
  f     18                   early films
c       20                   multimedia
 t     [23.976]    24/1.001  "23.976p", also "24p"; 24/1.001; NTSC-compatible variant of 24p
 tf    [24]     base         "24p"; film production; originally for nonlinear editing of film-originated data; converts to 4% fast 50Hz by 2:2 pulldown, to 0.1% slow 60Hz by 2:3 pulldown
 t     [25]     base         HD video; PAL native; 50i SDTV; Europe 50Hz-derived framerate
 t     [29.97]     30/1.001  HD video, NTSC-compatible; NTSC native 60i SDTV, 30/1.001; often labeled "30"
 t     [30]     base         HD video; early black/white NTSC; US 60Hz-derived framerates; some old films; less common than 29.97; good security cameras; basic for games
  f     40                   early Edison's films
  f    [48]     2x 24        "48p"; newer film production framerate, twice the 24p; often for 3d movies; some IMAX HD; proposed 35mm Maxivision 48; "The Hobbit"
 t     [50]     2x 25        VESA standard; HD video; PAL native; 50p EDTV; Europe 50Hz-derived framerate
 t     [59.94]  2x 30/1.001  HD video, NTSC-compatible; NTSC native 60p EDTV; 60/1.001; often labeled "60"
ct    ([60])    2x 30        VESA/ATSC standard; HD video; US 60Hz-derived framerate; newer film production framerate; less common than 59.94; some film authoring, "Avatar 2"; computer displays, "eyeburners", common but flicker in peripheral vision; top for most monitors/TVs; best security cameras
c      [72]     3x 24        computer displays, common; some rare film authoring (3x24)
c     ([75])    3x 25        VESA standard; computer displays, very common, said to be usable unlike 60; compatible with both 50 and 60 Hz video
c      (85)                  VESA standard; computer displays; picture flicker-free even in peripheral vision; compatible with 50Hz video
c     [100]     4x 25        computer displays; twice the PAL native; many TVs with 50Hz deinterlace
ct    [120]     4x 30        computer displays, high-end gaming; some film production, 5x24p; UHDTV standard framerate; converts well to all popular frame rates
c     [144]     6x 24        2x 72, needed for triple-flash 3d
       200                   some consumer cameras; may TVs with 60Hz deinterlace
c      240                   some displays, top-end as of 2020; some consumer cameras; some new LCD TVs
       300                   some displays; slo-mo cameras
       960                   some consumer cameras
      1000                   some consumer cameras at reduced size
      1200                   some consumer cameras at reduced size
      2500+                  very high speed cameras

[] - video/movie standard
([]) - VESA standard

Horizontal sync frequencies

  kHz         use
~15           generic RGB/PAL/NTSC arcade monitors, PAL/NTSC TVs; common arcade frequency, interlaced/progressive
 15-38        multisync arcade monitor, Wells Gardner D9800, D9400, D9200
 15.2-15.7    CGA, standard-res
 15.6-16.7    arcade monitor, Hantarex MTC 9110
 15.625       SDTV PAL (NTSC is close), 625/50 video, CGA
 15.7344      SDTV NTSC 59.94 Hz, 525/60 video
 15.750       SDTV NTSC 60 Hz
 21.8         EGA
 24.9         EGA, medium-res
~25           common arcade frequency (EGA?), progressive
 31.25        EDTV PAL, twice 15.625
 31.4688      VGA, 640x480@59.94, high-res; twice 15.7344; common computer boot BIOS freq
~31.5         common arcade frequency (VGA?), progressive
 33.75        HDTV 1080p@60.000
 35.5         XGA
 37.500       VGA, 640x480@75
 43.269       VGA, 640x480@85
~54-82        multisync monitors
~60-62        common in fixed-sync monitors
~62.5         common in monitors
 63           Mac @75, 1024x768
~70           too much for some smaller monitors
~72           common in fixed-sync monitors
62..81        commmon range in fixed-sync monitors
31.5..100+    SVGA
below 29      mostly unsupported on modern hardware; cheat by doublescan, sending each line twice

Multisync monitor
MultiSync=NEC
MultiScan/Multiformat=Sony
SyncMaster=Samsung

[ref]:
The IBM 6091-19i has 4 modes of operation (1-4). The first three are based around 1024 lines of vertical
resolution and are good for "desktop" use (I'm using the 1024x1024 mode under X as you can't get much more
that 1024 Pels across with a 5429 since it's limited to 85MHz clock. As I currently only have 1M ram
that fits neatly with 8bpp too.)

Mode 4 (the mode that was introduced new with the 6091-19i and was not supported in the old 6091-19)
is more interesting for VGA use. It runs 63 kHz horizontal rate, and 120 Hz vertical rate, with a vertical
total of 528. This is a similar geometry to the VGA modes, except about twice the rates. In practice I find
the monitor will sync quite happily with vertical frequencies of 120 to 140 Hz and a bit beyond. (Incidentally
this mode was originally intended for 3-D viewing with LCD shutter glasses synced to the vertical,
and left/right images displayed on alternate frames by software.)

Works between 63 and 82 kHz (63.36, some models also 81.32, 61.10)

Comments on IBM 9515 Monitor
This monitor is not VGA/SVGA but XGA2, as used in IBM PCs with the short-lived MCA bus.
There are said to be ISA (PCI?) cards that drive them, but a friend (ironically, ex-IBM, but not the 'toy computer' end)
who bought a stack of the monitors cheap never found any.
It is near-enough to impossible to convert 'properly' and can't be made to run at the 31.5 start-up
scan-rate without the HOT (Horizontal Output Transistor) dropping dead.

Resolution aspects

Line counts

Few practical limitations on line count.

For TV raw scanlines in interlaced mode, the number has to be odd and easily divisible by a few small numbers
(to accommodate drift of vacuum tube dividers/oscillators).
This results in the numbers of eg. 405, 441, 455, 525, 567, 625, 819, 1125.

Visible lines tend to be a large chunk of this, an even number roughly 80% of the total scanlines
(to give time for vertical retrace, for the electron beam to return). Most common are 480 for 525-scanline NTSC
(486 or similar in some encodings) and 576 for 625-scanline PAL (other slightly higher for some encodings).
The visible part of the image tended to be broadcasted a bit bigger than shown on the TV, the "overscan",
to compensate for variations in real image size. The electron beam was deflected a bit beyond the phosphor screen
edges.

Later higher-resolution standards are often multiples of popular earlier ones. The "magic numbers"
are 240 (480/2), 288 (576/2), and 540 (1080/2).

Many computer display resolutions were derived from the 640x480 NTSC video.


type    count     multiple                           char
                32     48   144   200   240   256   480   576
        64       2    4/3   4/9   0.32 4/15   0.25 2/15   1/9     8x8
        80      2.5   5/3         0.4   1/3  5/16   1/6   5/36    8x10
        96p      3     2    2/3   0.48  0.4         0.2   1/6     8x12     LDTV 96p (small MMS, 128x96)
       120p     3.75  2.5               0.5         0.25          8x15     LDTV 120p, QQVGA (160x120)
       128       4    8/3                     0.5                 8x16
      [144]p    4.5    3     1                            0.25    8x18     LDTV 144p (176x144, 256x144)
TSv    169                                                                 180-line TV, historical, 25fps
TS     180                                                                 scanlines (169 visible), 180-line television system, historical mechanically scanned Nipkow-disc TV, old Germany
       192       6     4                                          8x24     1/2 384
      [200]     6.25               1                              8x25     common old 320x200; 8x25
      [240]p    7.5    5                 1           0.5                   NTSC, common NTSC gaming; LDTV 240p (320x240, 352x240, 426x240)
TS     262.5                                                               half of NTSC 525 scanlines, one interlaced half-field; also 262,263
       272      8.5  17/3
       288p      9     6     2                            0.5     8x36     PAL, CIF/SIF (625); LDTV 288p (480x272); font also 12x24, 16x18
TS     312.5                                                               half of PAL 625 scanlines, one interlaced half-field; also 312,313
       320      10   20/3         1.6               2/3           16x20    480x320 SPI displays, picoprojectors
TSv    343                                                                 historical TV, RCA, USA
       348            7.25                                                 720x348 Hercules graphics card
      [350]                                                       14x25    EGA mode
       352      11   22/3                    1.375 11/15  0.55     8x44
       360     11.25  7.5   2.5   1.8   1.5         0.75          12x30    3x120, 2x180, 720/2, 1080/3; LDTV 360p (480x360, 640x360)
TSv    377                                                                 visible lines in old 405-line TV
TSv    383                                                                 visible lines in old 441-line TV
       384      12     8                      1.5         2/3              768/2, 2x 192
      [400]    12.5  25/3          2                              16x25    old EGA/initial VGA modes; 720x400 established timing
TS     405                                                                 scanlines (377 visible), historical 405-line TV, UK; 3x3x3x3x5
TS     441                                                                 scanlines (383 visible), old 441-line TV, 441-line television system; USA, 1937
TS     455                                                                 scanlines in old 455-line system
TSv   [480]ip   15    10                2    15/8    1    5/6     16x30    480i, 480p; common NTSC and VGA/VESA modes
TSv    483
TSv    484
TSv    485                                                                 old 567-line TV
TSv    486                                                                 4f(sc) line count for NTSC
cs     500                                                                 scanlines, 640x480@75 standard
cs     509                                                                 scanlines, 640x480@85 standard
TS    [525]                                                                scanlines (480 visible), NTSC standard, 640x480@60 standard; 15.734 kHz, 59.94 Hz; 15.750 kHz, 60.00 Hz
TS     540           11.25        2.7               9/8                    1/2 1080
TS     567                                                                 scanlines (485 visible), old experimental broadcast of 567-line television system
       575                                                                 4f(sc) line count for PAL
TSv   [576]ip   18    12     4                      1.2    1      16x36    PAL lines
      [600]    18.75  12.5         3    2.5         1.25 24/25             common VGA/VESA, 800x600; 2x 300, 3x 200, 4x 150
TS    [625]                                                                scanlines (576 visible), 576i50 PAL standard; 15.625 kHz (within 1% of NTSC); divide by 25 to 50.00 Hz
TSv   [720]p   22.5   15     5          3    18/5   1.5                    720p HD; 2x 360, 3x 240, 5x 144, 6x 120, 8x 90; 1280x720; PAL/NTSC sampling standard, for both SDTV and HDTV
TSv    736i                                                                old French 819-line system (737 lines, one is of two halves); 816x736 theoretical resolution
       768      24    16                       3    1.6   4/3              2x 384, 4x 192
       800      25   50/3          4               15/9                    2x 400, 4x 200
TS     819                                                                 scanlines, old French 819-line system
       848     26.5  53/3                                                  widescreen for 480 lines
       858                                                                 "Scope" DCI
       864      27    18     6               27/8  27/15  1.5              3x 288, 6x 144
       900p         18.75  6.25   4.5              15/8  25/16             900p
       960      30    20          4.8   4            2    5/3              2x 480
      1024      32   64/3                      4   32/15 16/9
TSv   1035i                                                                visible lines in Japanese MUSE HDTV; horz pixels 1122(still)/748(moving)
      1050                                         35/16                   2x 525, 3x 350, 6x 175
TSv  [1080]ip 33.75  22.5   7.5         4.5         2.25 15/8              FHD 1080i, 1080p; 3/2 720, 360x3, 180x6, 120x9
TS    1125                                                                 scanlines (1035 visible, 1035i); Japanese [ref: MUSE HDTV]
TSv   1152                                                 2               visible lines in HD-MAC, 16:9; 1152i/25; 576x2
      1200    37.5    25           6    5           2.5  25/12
TS    1250                                                                 scanlines (1152 visible), HD-MAC
      1280      40   80/3         6.4          5    8/3  20/9
      1344      42    28                     21/4   2.8   7/3
TSv  [1440]p    45    30    10          6    45/8    3    2.5              2x 720, 3x 480, 4x 360, 8x 240; 4/3 1080
      1536      48    32                       6    3.2   8/3              768x2
      1600      50  100/3          8               10/3  25/9              2x 800
      1716                                                                 "Scope" DCI, 2x 858
      1800
      1920      60    40          9.6   8    15/2    4   10/3              2x 1920, 4x 480
     [2160]   67.5    45    15   10.8   9           4.5  3.75              4K; 2x 1080
      2304      72    48    16          9.6    9    4.8    4
      2400      75    50          12   10    75/8    5   25/6              2x 1200, 3x 800, 4x 600
     [2880]     90    60    20  14.4   12    11.25   6     5               2x 1440, 3x 960, 4x 720
      3072      96    64               12.8   12    6.4  16/3
      3160    98.75             15.8               79/12
      3200     100  200/3              16          20/3  50/9              4x 800
      3240
      3432                                                                 "Scope" DCI, 4x 858
      4096     128  256/3                     16  128/15 64/9
     [4320]    135    90    30         18            9   7.5               8K; 4x 1080
      4800     150   100          24   18.75        10   25/3
      8640     270   180    60         36    33.75  18    15               8x 1080

column counts

Column counts have more constraints than line counts, in video cards and digital signals. Fewer constraints in analog TV.

Analog signal pixel counts are either approximations from frequency limits, or forced by sampling frequency in digitization.

Early video cards were constrained by character generators. Mostly they used 8 bit wide "basic unit" of timing, which forced
the horizontal resolution to be a multiple of 8.
Some resolutions were a multiple of 9, for 9-bit wide characters (8th bit was usually doubled) which were more legible.

Later developments in digital video led to preferential multiple being 32 or sometimes 16, the macroblock size of the
compression algorithms (this applies to line count as well). Some algorithms (HEVC) use blocks up to 64x64.

Higher-resolutions are often an integer multiple of popular lower resolutions (640, 

count      8   9    32    64    80    640
   64      8         2     1     0.8
  128     16         4     2     1.6  0.2        1/8 1024, 2x 64
  160     20         5     2.5   2    0.25       1/2 320, 2x 80
  240     30         7.5         3    3/8        1/2 480, 2x 120
 [320]    40        10     5     4    0.5        1/2 of 640
 [352]    44        11     5.5   4.4             1/2 PAL
  360     45   40  11.25         4.5  9/16       1/2 720
  384     48        12     6     4.8             1/2 768
  400     50       12.5    6.25  5    5/8        1/2 800
  480     60        15     7.5   6     0.75      1/2 960
 [640]    80        20    10     8     1         NTSC resolution for 1:1 pixels, common VGA, VESA standard, standard TV signal width for 4:3
  704     88        22           8.8             720 without 8 pixels on each side
 [720]    90   80   22.5  11.25  9     9/8       PAL,NTSC CCIR-601 13.5MHz standard sampling; standard TV signal width for 4:3 or 16:9
  768     96        24    12   48/5    1.2       PAL resolution; 4f(sc) sampling of NTSC, active line; 2x 384
 [800]   100        25    12.5  10     1.25      SVGA, 2x 400
  832    104        26    13    10.4
  848    106        26.5  13.25 10.6
  856    107                    10.7
  948    118.5                  11.85            4f(sc) sampling of PAL, active line
  960    120        30    15    12     1.5       2x 480, 0.5x 1920
[1024]   128        32    16    12.8   1.6
 1056    132        33    16.5  13.2
 1064    133       33.25        13.3
 1080    135  120  33.75        13.5
 1136    142        35.5        14.2  71/5
 1152    144        36    18    14.4   1.8       European digital TV format, 2x2 720x576
 1188   148.5 132
[1200]   150        37.5  18.75 15    1.875      HDTV 720p
 1280    160        40    20    16      2        2x 640; standard TV signal width
 1344    168        42    21                     2x 672, 3x 448, 4x 336, 6x 224, 12x 112, 16x 84
 1360    170        42.5        17    17/8       2x 680, 4x 340, 5x 272
 1368    171  152   42.75       17.1             2x 684, 4x 342, 6x 228
 1400    175        43.75       17.5             2x 700, 4x 350, 5x 280, 7x 200, 8x 175
[1440]   180        45    22.5  18      2.25
 1600    200        50    25    20      2.5      2x 800
 1680    210        52.5  26.25 21     21/8
 1792    224        54    28    22.4    2.8
[1920]   240        60    30    24      3        HDTV FHD; 3x 640; standard HDTV 1080i/p
 2048    256        64    32    25.6    3.2      DCI; 2x 1024
[2560]   320        80    40    32      4        4x 640
[2880]   360        90    45    36      4.5      1.5x 1920
 3200    400       100    50    40      5        2x 1600, 4x 800, 8x 400
 3440    430       107.5        43
[3840]   480       120    60    48      6        UHDTV 4K; 2x 1980
 3996         444
 4096    512       128    64    51.2    6.4      DCI 4K; 4x 1024
[4320]   540  480  135    67.5  54      6.75
 5120    640       160    80    64      8        5x 1024
 5616    702  624  175.5
[5760]   720  640  180    90    72      9        3x 1980
 6144    768       192    96                     6x 1024
 6400    800       200   100    80     10        4x 1600, 8x 800
 6480    810  720  202.5 101.25 81     10.125    6x 1080
[7680]   960       240   120    96     12        UHDTV 8K; 4x 1920
 8192   1024       256   128   103     12.8
 8640   1080  960  270   135   108     13.5      4.5x 1920
10240   1280       320   160   128     16        10x 1024
15360   1920       480   240   192     24        15x 1024

Interlacing

Progressive (p) - entire image in single frame
Interlaced (i) - only half of image sent each time, altering between odd and even lines
Progressive Segmented Frame (PsF, sF, SF) - similar to (i) but no changes between even and odd subframe; simple deinterlacing results in progressive
 24 PsF (48 sF, 1080sf24, 1920×1080/24/1:1SF) - 24 fps, original for film-to-video transfer
 25PsF (1080sf25, 1920×1080/25/1:1SF) - in 50Hz systems for TV distribution
 29.97 PsF (1080sf29, 1920×1080/29.97/1:1SF) - in 60Hz systems; also 30PsF (30p, 1080sf30, 1920×1080/30/1:1SF), for web distribution
 not called that way but effectively used in early video games on TVs, where only half of the vertical res was used and lines were repeated on the second scan

Color depth, bpp

One pixel can be stored in multiple formats, with different bit depth, in bpp (bits per pixel):
  bpp  byte
    1   1/8    black/white; 8 pixels per byte
    2   1/4    4-color, often via palette; 4 pixels per byte (eg. old CGA color)
    4   1/2    1:1:1:I RGB+intensity, 16-color; most common via palette fixed or definable; direct 1:1:1 or 1:1:1:I (RGB+intensity) for old TTL displays
    8     1    2:3:3 RGB bits (4/8/8 levels), 256-color; 256-grayscale; most common with palette instead of direct; 2:3:3 is eg. Rigol DS1052 scope screen raw dump
   15     2    5:5:5 RGB bits (32/32/32 levels), 32768 colors
   16     2    5:6:5 RGB bits (32/64/32 levels), 65536 colors
   18     3    6:6:6 RGB bits (64/64/64 levels), 262144 colors
   24     3    8:8:8 RGB bits (256/256/256 levels), 16777216 colors, "truecolor"
   30     4    10:10:10 RGB bits; 
   32     4    8:8:8:8 RGB+alpha; 32-bit alignment, faster memory access; alpha often ignored/unused
   36     5    12:12:12 RGB bits
   48     6    16:16:16 RGB bits
   64     8    16:16:16:16 RGB+alpha; 64-bit alignment

RGB can alternatively be YCbCr (if digital), or YUV (if analog).

Some videomodes, for displays using composite video (eg. CGA with NTSC/PAL TV-out), come in color/monochrome variants.
The latter allows for suppression of artifact-colors, "parasite" colors appearing on edges.

Pixel encoding, subsampling

black/white, 1bpp

 1bpp - only full-black and full-white

palette index, 2bpp/4bpp/8bpp

 palette index - pixel bits are looked up in a translation table ("palette"), where index (value of pixel bits) is matched to output RGB values

RGB, 8bpp/15bpp/16bpp/24bpp/more

 RGB - direct color brightness values per pixel
 can be reduced bit depth, 5:5:5 or so, or even 2:3:3
 most common for larger screen is 8bit depth, 8:8:8
 8:8:8:8 used with the last being alpha channel, or ignored when a quarter of memory is thrown out for the speed benefit of 32-bit pixel alignment
 professional wide-gamut devices have 10, 12 or even 16 bit depth per channel

YCbCr, subsampling

 Y'CbCr
 mistakenly called YUV (YUV is analog, YCbCr is digital, otherwise synonymous)
 brightness most important for resolution
 luminance, Y, is the "raw" brightness
 luma, Y', is the weighted sum of gamma-corrected RGB; often mistakenly called just "Y"
 the 'prime' is often omitted, leading to ambiguities
 Cb and Cr, the chrominance difference signals, can have lower resolution - subsampling often used
 YPbPr when analog signals used (also misnomered YCbCr); from NTSC terminology, P=Phase; Pb=blue-luma, Pr=red-luma
 uses "macropixels", groups of 4x2 pixels
 8 bytes for luma (one per pixel), 2 bytes per chroma pair
 different subsampling modes possible, [a]:[b]:[c]
 [a] is the number of luma samples per 4 pixel clocks
 [b] and [c] are the chroma (Cb-Cr pairs) samples in even and odd scanlines
 [d] can be present if alpha channel is being handled
 4:4:4 matches resolution of color to brightness
 full bandwidth (8+8x2=24 bytes per macropixel)
 high-end cameras, cinematic post-production
 4:4:0 has 1/2 vertical and full horizontal (four samples in first row, second row gets copy of first), first line has to be remembered for the next one
 2/3 bandwidth (8+4x2=16 bytes per macropixel)
 4:2:2 has full vertical, 1/2 horizontal (two samples in both rows), no caching of lines
 2/3 bandwidth (8+4x2=16 bytes per macropixel), little visual difference
 many high-end digital video formats
 4:1:1 has full vertical color resolution, 1/4 horizontal (one sample in each row per 4 pixels), no caching of lines
 1/2 bandwidth (8+2x2=12 bytes per macropixel)
 not considered broadcast quality, now used in news and in playout servers; still superior to analog video where bandwidth for chroma is at most 1.5/0.5 MHz for I/Q, often 0.5MHz for both
 DVCPRO (NTSC/PAL), NTSC DV and DVCAM, D-7
 4:2:0 has 1/2 vertical, 1/2 horizontal (two samples in first row, second row is copied from the first), first line has to be remembered for the next one
 1/2 bandwidth (8+2x2=12 bytes per macropixel)
 better suited for PAL SDTV as the vertical color resolution is only half that of NTSC; may introduce artefacts for moving interlaced; interlacing further halves vertical chroma resolution
 all MPEG encoding standards, many codecs; H.262. H.264, VC-1, JPEG/MJPEG (profiles may alter this); PAL DV and DVCAM, HDV (HD video on DV tape)
 4:1:0 has 1/2 vertical, 1/4 horizontal (only one sample per macropixel)
 ~42% bandwidth (8+2x1=10 bytes per macropixel)
 equivalent of PAL I video, still superior to NTSC
 some codecs allow 4:1:0.5 or 4:1:0.25 for VHS-like quality
 4:0:0 is monochrome/grayscale, no color
 1/3 bandwidth (8 bytes per macropixel)

usual YCbCr digital signal levels for 8/10 bit:
        level   restricted          full
black:    0       16   64         0     0
white:    1      235  940       255  1023
Cb/Cr: -0.5       16   64         0     0
Cb/Cr:    0      128  512       128   512
Cb/Cr: +0.5      235  940       255  1023

restricted ranges give some headroom/footroom for overshoots, handy for processing
restricted ranges allow reserving extra symbols for encoding sync pulses and other data "in-band"

PAL/NTSC SDTV CCIR601 timings: [ref]
              625     525
line:        1728    1716      total samples
video:       1440    1440      translates to standard 720 samples
blank:        288     276      from start of EAV to end of SAV; 4-clock EAV/SAV signals on the sides, rest filled with audio, EDH, data
frontpad:      16       8      inside analog horz blanking, inside digital image; "padding", overscan reserve
frontporch:    24      32
backpad:       24      32      inside analog horz blanking, inside digital image; "padding", overscan reserve

sync signals (EAV/SAV):
first byte:   0xFF.C       12-bit rep of 10bit, last 2 bits zero; in 8bit, last bits ignored
second byte:  0x00.0
third byte:   0x00.0
fourth byte:  0x??.0
    MSB  1    always 1
      6  F    field, 0=even/first, 1=odd/second
      5  V    VBI, 0=signal, 1=VBI
      4  H    0=SAV, 1=EAV - start/end of horz blanking
      3  P3
      2  P2
      1  P1
    LSB  P0

lines:                  625    525    bit value setting
field 1 VBI start       624      1    V=1
field 1 VBI end          23     10    V=0
field 2 VBI start       311    264    V=1
field 2 VBI end         336    273    V=0
digital field start       1      4    F=0
digital field end       313    266    F=1

field vbi horz   P3210  hex
    0   0    0    0000   80   1st/even field, picture, SAV
    0   0    1    1101   9d   1st/even field, picture, EAV
    0   1    0    1011   ab   1st/even field, VBI    , SAV
    0   1    1    0110   b6   1st/even field, VBI    , EAV
    1   0    0    0111   c7   2nd/odd field,  picture, SAV
    1   0    1    1010   da   2nd/odd field,  picture, EAV
    1   1    0    1100   ec   2nd/odd field,  VBI    , SAV
    1   1    1    0001   f1   2nd/odd field,  VBI    , EAV

SDI: NRZI, LSB first
serial sync word 3ff-000-000 (10bit)
values 000..003 and 3fc..3ff should not appear in any data word
bitrates:    Mb/s
4:2:2 D1     270.0
4f(sc) PAL   177.3
4f(sc) NTSC  143.2

Sync types

Synchronization can be provided by several ways:
 separate - lines for hsync, vsync
 five connectors in RGBs with BNC connectors
 common on multipin connectors, "dumb" wiring adapter possible
 on 15-pin VGA connector
 on DVI-A connector
 on 13W3 workstation-monitor connectors (DB-25 with three coaxials); pinouts vary
 composite sync
 line with combined hsync, vsync
 four BNCs
 can be provided by compatible videocard or by simple signal combining add-on hardware
 usually a XOR circuit (74HC86)
 sync-on-green - composite sync is added as -0.3V signal to green, in RGB systems; or to luma in YUV
 three BNCs
 compatible card or simple add-on hardware
 green can be biased 0.3V above GND
 all mixed in
 in common composite video and analog broadcasts, mixed to luma (like sync-on-green in YUV or S-video) or to both luma-chroma
 one connector
 can be RF-modulated to feed to old TVs with only antenna input
 in digital signal - multiplexed into the 3-4 lane bitstream together with color value bits
 LVDS, MIPI

Signal types

 TTL levels - 0/+5V
 common for hsync/vsync in VGA/DVI-A
 used for monochrome, 3-bit RGB, 4-bit RGBI
 ECL levels - -5V/0
 on some workstation monitors
 differential signal pairs, "differential ECL"

Limitations and tradeoffs

The practical displays and interfaces have several important limitations for what's available and forces tradeoffs.

Video RAM

 pixel resolution
 color depth
 byte alignment
 memory speed

Memory used to be expensive. Older video cards (and modern embedded devices) are saddled with small amounts
of RAM for the framebuffer which caps available resolution. Color depth can be traded for amount of pixels.
Low color depths are commonly assisted by a palette; the pixel value is a pointer to a table from which the
full-sized RGB values are taken from. Common for 4-bit (16-color) and 8-bit (256-color) modes.

The limitation for the max screen resolution consists of
 pixel resolution
 color depth
 memory size

The multiple of bytes per pixel, pixel_x and pixel_y have to fit into the available memory, while pixel_x
is ideally divisible by some suitable number (usually 8, 16 or 32). This leads to some exotic-looking
resolutions:
 832x624 (8bpp), of Apple Mac II; 519,168 bytes fit narrowly into 524,288 bytes (512 kB)
 1152x870 (8bpp), of Macintosh II; 1,002,240 bytes fit narrowly into 1,048,576 bytes (1 MB)

This limitation was a common source of resolution-vs-colors tradeoff in early VGA cards.

Some memory controllers require (or are faster with) byte alignment; a read of 4 bytes aligned at 32-bit boundary
requires one memory access while boundary-cross requires two. This often gives a significant speed advantage
to 32-bit color depth, even if a third-more of memory is wasted.

The byte alignment limit is significant for the write-to-framebuffer part of the pipeline, the graphics-making
software. The controller that takes the bytes, digests them and extrudes them into the display bus output,
is usually built to handle it by some sort of caching/processing.

The framebuffer in the video RAM is accessed from two sides
 asynchronous writes, where the software is setting values to pixels
 synchronous reads, where the video controller is sequentially reading all pixel values and shoving them out to display

If memory amount allows (not a problem with today's systems where gigabytes are thrown left and right), double
or triple buffering can be used; two or more framebuffers are used at the same time, one is dedicated for the software
to write into, the other for the video controller to read from. This can dramatically reduce tearing
and other artefacts where timings of one interfere with the other.

The moment when the vertical blanking interval is initiated is often signalled by the video controller
via a hardware interrupt. This is often used as timing source for games.

Modern systems often have a dedicated GPU for processing graphics. In addition to "dumb" framebuffer memory,
these allows high-end accelerated 3d graphics and many other functions.

text-only

Some earliest display adapters were text-only. The video RAM was limited to few kilobytes, where the characters
were stored as single bytes (later byte pairs, with attributes like colors or eg. highlight/underline). There
was a character ROM, where the bitmaps (often 8x8, sometimes 8x10 or 8x12) pixels were stored; 8 pixels per line,
n lines per character. The character ROM was used as a lookup table to convert the characters to bitmaps to show
on the output, in real time; only simple logical circuits are necessary.

Later systems allowed reprogramming of portion or all of the character ROM, for custom characters and
semi-graphics.

The same principle is still encountered in the field of embedded electronics, with character LCD displays.
Or in the field of console programming, when the character/attribute matrix is addressed as eg. /dev/vcsX or

CPU/GPU speed

The more pixels that have to be drawn, the more effort for the processor. The product of screen pixels and
frame rate can be considered vaguely constant, as the ceiling of available performance. Another source
of tradeoffs between speed and pixel/color resolution, namely for older games.

Timings

 pixel clock (master timer for everything)
 limits imposed by the clock generator (fixed, choice of few, wide-range PLL...)
 limits imposed by the speed of the buses and memories, bandwidth of the attached analog electronics
 pixel resolution
 active (visible)
 total (including blanking intervals)
 blanking intervals
 limits imposed by response speed of electron beam deflections, typ. needs 20-30% of the total horizontal time
 can be reduced for LCDs
 add to the total resolution, wasting transmit time/bandwidth
 memory speed (limits product of pixel clock and bytes per pixel)

Derived timings:
 horizontal frequency
 hfreq = pixelclk / total_horz_pixels
 limits imposed by display devices
 vertical frequency
 vfreq = hfreq / total_lines    (line = vertical pixel)
 limits imposed by display devices and human vision physiology (flicker)

The same limit pixel output rate can be traded between
 higher framerate, lower resolution
 higher resolution, lower framerate

The main source of everything is the pixel clock generator. Pixels can't be pushed out from the controller
faster than the fastest clock allows. (Nor slower than the slowest clock setting available allows; this can
be sometimes worked around by using double-scan where pixels and/or lines are sent twice, giving half the pixel
rate for the same clock. Sometimes tripling and quadrupling modes are available.)

The pixel clock can be fixed, have a few values derived from one or more standard crystals, or be customizable
with more or fewer limits by a PLL oscillator from a master clock. (This master clock is said to be best a multiply of
2.25 MHz.) Limits are:
 max frequency
 min frequency
 achievable settings granularity (may change along the frequency range)

In the past ages, memory chips were slower. A pixel clock fast enough for non-flickery framerate at decent resolution
could easily overwhelm the memories at higher color depth. The memory access rate, per byte, is three times the
pixel clock for 24bpp, and only 1/8 for 1bpp.

CRT monitors require significant time for the deflection coils to reverse polarity (hi, Star Trek) - their inductance
is fairly significant. The horizontal and vertical blanking intervals give this time. A lot of time that could
be spent displaying visible data is sank here. (The lines "wasted" in vertical blanking intervals are often used to
encode various digital data and test signals, in analog TV transmission context.)

LCD screens do not need most of this "ballast time". Reduced blanking intervals ("R", or "RB") can be used;
the times for the porches are lowered, sometimes the sync pulse itself can be shorted down. This allows more visible pixels
(and therefore more resolution and/or more framerate) for the same pixel clock limit.

(Does lower pixel clock give significant savings in power or thermal budget for the GPU/display?)

VESA timings

VESA suggested aspect ratios are 4:3, 16:10, 16:9; 5:4 (1280x1024) and 15:9 (1280x768) are exceptions accepted as established.

Pixel clock - magic 2.25 MHz

Should be integer multiple of 2.25 MHz, a carryover from television standards

2.25 MHz is the least common multiple of line frequency of both PAL and NTSC (143x 525/60 rate, 144x 625/60 rate)
  6x 2.25 = 13.5  MHz, the common samplerate of CCIR-601 standard, minimum multiple for acceptable luminance sampling
1.5x 2.25 = 3.375 MHz, the common 1/4 4:1:1 samplerate for chroma
  3x 2.25 = 6.75  MHz, the common 1/2 4:2:2 samplerate for chroma

CRT

Usual refresh rates are 50, 60, 75 and 85 Hz.

Horizontal counts (active, sync, porches) must be divisible by 8, preferably by higher powers of 2.

For CRT timings, horizontal blanking suggested to be at least 20% of total line time.
Specific value to be calculated by GTF formula.
Horizontal sync pulse suggested to be as close as possible to 8% of total horizontal time.
Trailing edge of sync should be in the middle (so backporch=1/2 horizontal blanking).

For CRT timings, vertical blanking should be at least 550 us.
Vertical front porch is standard to be 3 lines for both CRT and reduced. Can be more for CRT timings.
Vertical back porch should be at least 6 (7?) lines.

Vertical sync length greater than 4 lines is used to signal aspect ratio in CVT timings.

Reduced blanking (RB)

Standard vertical refresh is 60 Hz. Most common for usual LCDs.

Horizontal counts (active, sync, porches) must be divisible by 8, preferably by higher powers of 2.

Horizontal blanking is always fixed to 160 pixels.
Sync width is always 32 pixels, with trailing edge in the middle of the interval.
Therefore the frontporch:sync:backporch is fixed to 48:32:80.

Vertical blanking should be the nearest number of lines that exceed 460 microseconds.
Vertical front porch is fixed to 3.
Vertical sync length greater than 4 lines is used to signal aspect ratio in CVT timings.
Vertical back porch fills the rest of the time; if less than 7, increased to 7

Reduced blanking v2 (RB2), DMT timings

Vertical refresh is usually 60 Hz. Can be more but is most common for usual LCDs.
Required pixel clock resolution is at least 0.001 MHz, to facilitate exact frame rates where needed.
May support the 1/1.001 factor for 60/59.95 Hz ATSC/NTSC selection. NTSC factor is used for
video-optimized target rates.

Standard vertical refresh rate is 60 Hz. Other progressive refresh rates can be used if needed.

Horizontal counts are no longer required to be divisible by 8. Any value can be used.

Horizontal blanking is always fixed to 80 pixels.
Sync width is always 32 pixels, with trailing edge in the middle of the interval.
Therefore the frontporch:sync:backporch is fixed to 8:32:40.

Vertical blanking should be the nearest number of lines that exceed 460 microseconds.
Vertical sync pulse is always 8 lines.
Vertical back porch is always 6 lines.
Vertical front porch is the remainder of time.

Overview

                        CRT               RB                 RB2
refresh rates       50,60,75,85 Hz       60 Hz              60 Hz
h blanking           >20% h-total       160 px              80 px
h front porch         remainder          48 px               8 px
h sync width          8% h-total         32 px              32 px
h back porch         50% h-blanking      80 px              40 px
v blanking          >550 usec          >460 usec          >460 usec
v front porch          3 lines            3 lines           remainder
v sync width        4..7 lines         4..7 lines            8 lines
v back porch         at least6 (7?)  remainder, at least 7   6 lines
h/v sync polarity      - +                + -                + -

Timing names

Component video (RGB, YPbPr):
yyy[i][d]@rr - y-size, i if interlaced/p if progressive, 2 or 4 if pixels doubled or quadrupled
               (for DVI compatibility, to maintain minimum rate), @ refresh rate
               eg. 480i2@30

HDTV video (RGB, YPbPr, YCbCr):
yyy[i]@rr    - y-size, i if interlaced/p if progressive, 2 or 4 if pixels doubled or quadrupled
               (for DVI compatibility, to maintain minimum rate), @ refresh rate
               eg. 1080i@30

Computer displays:
vvvxxrr[a]   - 3-letter vendor (EISA ID) or standard code, first 2 digits of x resolution, refresh rate,
               aspect ratio code (omitted if 4:3)
               standards: DMT, GTF, CEA, EIA, SMT
               vendors: eg. IBM, SUN, VSC
               eg. DMT0685 for Discrete Monitor Timing, 640[x480], 85 Hz

Display nature

 available resolution
 available bandwidth for signal, signal encoding
 flicker

The display nature may provide constraints for what is possible to show. Gigabytes of video memory won't buy
any better resolution from NTSC SDTV video screen. Gigahertz of pixel clock won't give better framerate.

Some signal/display standards (PAL, NTSC, TV in general, arcade monitors) come with fixed synchronization frequencies
and frame rates. Others (computer monitors) have a more or less wide range of what they can take.

Interface bandwidth

 cable characteristics
 pixel clock
 lanes

The maximum amount of data per second can be limited also by the hardware between the screen and the video card.
The max available frequencies that still can be transported without excessive losses or crosstalk can be limited
by the cables; the same principle applies to Cat5e/Cat6 as to HDMI1.4/HDMI2.0 cables. Higher-spec cable of the
same length can transport more of the higher frequencies. (Lower-spec cables of short lengths sometimes can go
above their rating but it is unreliable.)

The bandwidth can be doubled by using two parallel channels for the data. DVI has native support for using two
parallel buses for the RGB data.

The resolution x framerate tradeoff applies here as well; limits are reached for higher framerates for
lower resolutions and vice versa.

Cables (TODO: reformat, move section)

                    TMDS         Gb/s
                     MHz   raw  video
HDMI1.0,1.1,1.2      165   4.95  3.96  1980x1200@60
HDMI1.3              340  10.2   8.16  1920x1080@120, 2560x1440@60, 2160p@30   also 10,12,16 bit "deep color", 3D
DisplayPort 1.0      166  10.8   8.64
HDMI1.4                                1920x1080@120, 3840x2160@24/25/30, 4096x2160@24   also 100Mb ethernet, 3D
HDMI2.0              600  18.2? 14.4
DisplayPort 1.2      300  21.6  17.28  HBR2 mode
DisplayPort 1.3      600  32.4  25.92  HBR3 mode; 4K@120, 8K@30; HDMI2.0, MultiStream Transport
DisplayPort 1.4      600  32.4         adds Display Stream Compression 1.2, 3:1 compression; 8K@60, 4K@120 (10bit color, HDR)
HDMI2.1                   48    42.6   4K@120, 8K@120, 10K@120; "ultra high speed" cables
DisplayPort 2.0           80    77.37



                                       cable Cat.1 tested to 74.25 MHz, Cat.2 to 340 MHz (HDMI)
DisplayPort modes, Gbps per lane (4 lanes):
RBR        1.62
HBR        2.70
HBR2       5.40
HBR3       8.10
UHBR10    10
UHBR13.5  13.5
UHBR20    20

HDMI data island: [ref]
8clk   preamble
2clk   leading guard band
32clk  packet 1
32clk  packet 2...
2clk   trailing guard band
>4clk  
8clk   preamble
2clk   leading guard band
...    active video pixels


TMDS error reduction coding (TERC4), 4bit input word to 10bit transport

HDMI TMDS clock data rates: [ref]
      TMDS          bandwidth
HDMI   MHz    Gbps   MHz
1.4   74.25   2.22    371.25
1.4  148.5    4.455   742.5
1.4  185.63   5.56    928.15
1.4  222.75   6.68   1114
1.4  297      8.91   1485
2.0   92.81  11.14   1860
2.0  111.38  13.365  2280
2.0  148.5   17.82   2970
2.1  Fixed Rate Link - 3 lanes at 3 or 6 Gbps (9 or 18 Gbps), or 4 lanes at 6,8,10 or 12 Gbps (24,32,40,48 Gbps)

Colorspaces

sRGB            - most common, default; BT.709 primaries; monitors, cellphones, general work, web; D65 whitepoint
scRGB           - like sRGB, allows coordinates below zero and above one; D65 whitepoint
ITU-R BT.601    - CCIR-601; SDTV colorspace, slight differences between 625-line (PAL) and 525-line (NTSC) specs; D65 whitepoint
ITU-R BT.709    - ITU709; HDTV colorspace, similar to BT.601
ITU-R BT.2020   - UHDTV colorspaces, for standard dynamic range (SDR) and wide color gamut (WCG)
P3-DCI          - DCI-P3; HDR video, most common for digital movie projection
P3-D65          - Display-P3; like DCI-P3, but with D65 whitepoint
P3-D60          - ACES Cinema
Adobe RGB(1988) - print prepare
xvYCC
Simplified

Internal tiling

Some highest-resolution displays, eg. early 4K and 5K, are internally architectured as arrays of lower-res displays,
and are connected by several parallel cables to multi-output or multiple video cards.

Some displays, notably 4K, 5K and higher, sometimes work around the interface bandwidth limitation by
internal tiling.

To the computer, the display behaves like two side-by-side 8:9 screens. A 3840x2160 display then behaves to the driver
like two 1920x2160 ones in dualscreen use. This can cause funky behavior with software designed for single-screens.

Embedded

Small embedded displays often use slow serial interfaces (SPI, I2C for the smallest ones). Some have their own
framebuffer memory, usually inaccessible (or impractical) for reading from the host computer; these don't have
to be fed periodically with the entire signal, just the changes will do. In these special cases the display
won't need any special timing (or will, but that gets hidden by its own embedded controller chip).

Larger-resolution displays use direct parallel connection (with 8/15/16/18/24 wires for digital data and
additional signals for pixel clock, hsync, vsync, display-is-active).

At higher pixel clock rates the parallel wiring won't cope well enough anymore (clock skew), or the sheer number
of contacts gets more expensive than the additional silicon (increasingly common). The signals are then serialized
to differential pairs, and sent by one of the many standards (LVDS, MIPI/DSI,...) to the panel.

Going slow

Sometimes an old or special display requires slower clock speed than the given video source can give (Raspberry Pi
less than v4, with your lower limit on the pixel clock PLL limitation, I am looking at YOU).

A cheat is then available. If the software can handle it, insanely wide pixel ratios can be used; a 320x200 resolution
can become 2560x200; one pixel becomes 8, the pixel clock goes up 8 times, PLL limits are happy. The analog signal
does not care how fast we pump the pixels out, it just filters off the frequencies above what it can handle.

(Some monitors, however, can get fried, and do, when fed with wrong sync frequencies. Hercules/MGA vs CGA displays
can bite the dust when connected to the other interface.)

Pixel doubling and quadrupling can be done in some video modes.

Output encoding

The image can be represented in multiple ways. E.g.:
 RGB, direct brightness of red/green/blue subpixels
 YUV or YCbCr, where Y signal carries the brightness and the other two carry color components
 color components may have lower resolution as eye is more sensitive to brightness ("luma") than color ("chroma")

The signal can be carried from the device to the display in multiple ways:

 analog
 chroma+luma encoded in composite video (PAL/NTSC broadcast, single-wire composite)
 chroma and luma carried separately (S-video, removes artefacts of chroma/luma intermodulations)
 luma and both chroma components carried separately (three wires)
 RGB carried separately (most common for analog computer monitors, VGA)
 timing sync signals can be mixed into one or more video signals or carried separately in one or two wires

 digital embedded (display is fixed in the device)
 I2C or SPI, controller gets commands and data where to write to its own memory; very small displays up to about 480x320 give or take
 parallel LCD, bit values for R/G/B signals carried in parallel wires in groups of 5:5:5, 5:6:5, 6:6:6, 8:8:8; has pixel clock, hsync, vsync; mid-sized displays
 may have time-multiplexed bus, RGB signals clocked sequentially instead of all parallel
 LVDS, the parallel signals ("TTL"?) are serialized to a few LVDS lanes (differential-signal serial streams); common with older laptop displays
 MIPI/DSI, more modern variant on LVDS
 internal display port

 digital interfaced (display is detachable from device)
 HDMI/DVI, data serialized in differential-serial lanes with separate pixel clock and sync
 DisplayPort, higher-capability sister on HDMI/DVI
 Thunderbolt, USB-C - video stream encapsulated in higher-level protocol

The digital signal can again be encoded multiple ways; RGB with 8 bits per channel is the most common.
Requirements to save bandwidth or to add color resolution may lead to use of eg. 4:2:2 YCbCr instead of full
RGB, a mode available to some interfaces.

LVDS

On multilane digital interfaces, several standard mappings of bits to serial sequences are codified.
(There HAS to be more than one for it to be a proper standard.)
The most common are:
 JEIDA-18 - 3 lanes
 JEIDA-24 - 4 lanes
 VESA-24 - 4 lanes

Raspberry Pi

Raspberry Pi allows setting digital output modes for HDMI, by the hdmi_pixel_encoding parameter in config.txt:
 0 = default (RGB limited for HDMI CEA modes, RGB full for HDMI DMT modes)
 1 = RGB limited (black/white range of 16..235)
 2 = RGB full (black/white range of 0..255)
 3 = YCbCr limited (16..235)
 4 = YCbCr full (0..255)

The HDMI mode is set by hdmi_group, where
 0 = default, detected from EDID
 1 = force CEA (TV-like)
 2 = force DMT (monitor-like)

Timing sources

Rounding discrepancies:
Different sources round the frequencies at different decimal lengths. One's 29.3 is another's 29.315 and another's 29.3148.

Many sources use the same calculations, the main ones are:
 cvt (CVT, Coordinated Video Timings), newer VESA standard (2002)
 gtf (GTF, Generalized Timing Formula), older VESA standard (1999)
 DMT (Discrete Monitor Timings), a VESA standard table of timings for video modes
 Established Timings, a frequently used subset of DMT

HDMI

HDMI has two major groups of timings:
 DMT, "Discrete Monitor Timings"
 standardized by VESA and used mostly for computer screen use
 uses wider RGB signals, 8bit ADC encodes entire 0..255 range
 resolution given primarily in pixels ("640x480")
 CEA, "Consumer Electronics Association"
 standardized by CEA (heh) and used mostly for television/movie use
 uses narrower RGB, 8bit ADC encodes 16..235 (artefact of scaling/offset of Y' component during MPEG math; also gives room for overshoots without clipping)
 resolution given primarily in scanlines ("480p")
 modes with different numbers may be almost identical and differ only in the display aspect ratio, the resolution and timing are the same
 4:3/16:9, for lower resolutions
 16:9/64:27, for more modern higher resolutions

Established timings: [ref]
byte 1: Established Timing I
 7    720x400@70Hz    IBM, VGA
 6    720x400@88Hz    IBM, XGA2
 5    640x480@60Hz    IBM, VGA
 4    640x480@67Hz    Apple, Mac II
 3    640x480@72Hz    VESA
 2    640x480@75Hz    VESA
 1    800x600@56Hz    VESA
 0    800x600@60Hz    VESA
byte 2: Established Timing II
 7    800x600@72Hz    VESA
 6    800x600@75Hz    VESA
 5    832x624@75Hz    Apple, Mac II
 4   1024x768i@43.5Hz IBM
 3   1024x768@60Hz    VESA
 2   1024x768@70Hz    VESA
 1   1024x768@75Hz    VESA
 0   1280x1024@75Hz   VESA
byte 3: Manufacturer's Timings
 7   1152x870@75Hz    Apple, Mac II
 6-0 Reserved

Reduced blanking

A lot of time is wasted on the blanking intervals.

With CRT screens the times were needed for the deflection coils to reverse field polarization.

LCD screens do not have this limitation and the times can be cut down significantly,
as far as the shift registers of the display controller can cope.

So called "reduced blanking", labeled "R" or "RB", can significantly lower the pixel clock
and display interface bandwidth, or jam more resolution or framerate into what's available.

Use reduced blanking if possible. Option in CVT timings:
 CVT - standard horizontal blanking length; clock precision +-0.25 MHz
 CVT-R, also CVT-RB - reduces horizontal blanking to roughly 160 pixels
 CVT-R2 - from CVT revision 1.2 (2013), reduces horz blanking from 160 to 80 only, clock precision +-0.001 MHz, option for 1/1.001 ATSC/NTSC rate modifier

Sync polarities (VESA)

[ref]
hsync  vsync
  -      +     CVT standard CRT
  +      -     CVT reduced blanking
  -      -     non-CVT
  +      +     non-CVT

vertical lines for aspect ratio signaling (VESA/CVT)

[ref]
 0..3   unused by CVT, reserved for existing DMT and GTF
    4   4:3
    5   16:9
    6   16:10
    7   5:4 (1280x1024), 15:9 (1280x768) - special case
    8   reduced blanking timing v2, aspect ratio based on horz/vert active timing
    9   reserved
   10   nonstandard

DV_Timings - linux kernel data structure

https://www.linuxtv.org/downloads/v4l-dvb-apis-old/vidioc-g-dv-timings.html

The timing structure contains all the important data for the timing itself.
The x-windows modelines, framebuffer config files, DTO files, all have these data in some mutually convertible forms.
Hardware specification for embedded panels needs also pin assignments, and polarities for additional DataEnable and PixelClock signals,
and data mapping for serial/LVDS buses (jeida-18, jeida-24, vesa-24).
Other signals can include TE, tearing-effect synchronization signal.

DV timings are a __u32 determining the type of timing struct, and the struct itself.
For now, type == 0 (== V4L2_DV_BT_656_1120) means the BT.656/1120 timings are used; no other alternatives so far.

Structures are described in these linux header files:
linux/videodev2.h
linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h

v4l2_bt_timings

 resolution
 __u32   width           Width of the active video in pixels.
 __u32   height          Height of the active video frame in lines. So for interlaced formats the height of the active video in each field is height/2.
 interlacing
 __u32   interlaced      Progressive (0) or interlaced (1)
 sync polarities
 __u32   polarities      This is a bit mask that defines polarities of sync signals.
                        bit 0 (V4L2_DV_VSYNC_POS_POL) is for vertical sync polarity and bit 1 (V4L2_DV_HSYNC_POS_POL) is for horizontal sync polarity.
                        If the bit is set (1) it is positive polarity and if is cleared (0), it is negative polarity.
 timing, master
 __u64   pixelclock      Pixel clock in Hz. Ex. 74.25MHz->74250000 (74,250,000)
 timing, horizontal blanking
 __u32   hfrontporch     Horizontal front porch in pixels
 __u32   hsync           Horizontal sync length in pixels
 __u32   hbackporch      Horizontal back porch in pixels
 timing, vertical blanking
 __u32   vfrontporch     Vertical front porch in lines. For interlaced formats this refers to the odd field (aka field 1).
 __u32   vsync           Vertical sync length in lines. For interlaced formats this refers to the odd field (aka field 1).
 __u32   vbackporch      Vertical back porch in lines. For interlaced formats this refers to the odd field (aka field 1).
 timing, vertical blanking for interlaced even fields
 __u32   il_vfrontporch  Vertical front porch in lines for the even field (aka field 2) of interlaced field formats. Must be 0 for progressive formats.
 __u32   il_vsync        Vertical sync length in lines for the even field (aka field 2) of interlaced field formats. Must be 0 for progressive formats.
 __u32   il_vbackporch   Vertical back porch in lines for the even field (aka field 2) of interlaced field formats. Must be 0 for progressive formats.
 additional flags
 __u32   standards       The video standard(s) this format belongs to. This will be filled in by the driver. Applications must set this to 0. See Table A.60, “DV BT Timing standards” for a list of standards.
 V4L2_DV_BT_STD_CEA861     The timings follow the CEA-861 Digital TV Profile standard
 V4L2_DV_BT_STD_DMT        The timings follow the VESA Discrete Monitor Timings standard
 V4L2_DV_BT_STD_CVT        The timings follow the VESA Coordinated Video Timings standard
 V4L2_DV_BT_STD_GTF        The timings follow the VESA Generalized Timings Formula standard
 V4L2_DV_BT_STD_SDI        SDI timings
 __u32   flags           Several flags giving more information about the format. See Table A.61, “DV BT Timing flags” for a description of the flags.
 V4L2_DV_FL_REDUCED_BLANKING
   CVT/GTF specific: the timings use reduced blanking (CVT) or the 'Secondary GTF' curve (GTF). In both cases the horizontal and/or vertical blanking intervals are reduced, allowing a higher resolution over the same bandwidth. This is a read-only flag, applications must not set this.
 V4L2_DV_FL_CAN_REDUCE_FPS
   CEA-861 specific: set for CEA-861 formats with a framerate that is a multiple of six. These formats can be optionally played at 1 / 1.001 speed to be compatible with 60 Hz based standards such as NTSC and PAL-M that use a framerate of 29.97 frames per second. If the transmitter can't generate such frequencies, then the flag will also be cleared. This is a read-only flag, applications must not set this.
 V4L2_DV_FL_REDUCED_FPS
   CEA-861 specific: only valid for video transmitters, the flag is cleared by receivers. It is also only valid for formats with the V4L2_DV_FL_CAN_REDUCE_FPS flag set, for other formats the flag will be cleared by the driver. If the application sets this flag, then the pixelclock used to set up the transmitter is divided by 1.001 to make it compatible with NTSC framerates. If the transmitter can't generate such frequencies, then the flag will also be cleared.
 V4L2_DV_FL_HALF_LINE
   Specific to interlaced formats: if set, then the vertical frontporch of field 1 (aka the odd field) is really one half-line longer and the vertical backporch of field 2 (aka the even field) is really one half-line shorter, so each field has exactly the same number of half-lines. Whether half-lines can be detected or used depends on the hardware.
 V4L2_DV_FL_IS_CE_VIDEO
   If set, then this is a Consumer Electronics (CE) video format. Such formats differ from other formats (commonly called IT formats) in that if R'G'B' encoding is used then by default the R'G'B' values use limited range (i.e. 16-235) as opposed to full range (i.e. 0-255). All formats defined in CEA-861 except for the 640x480p59.94 format are CE formats.
 V4L2_DV_FL_FIRST_FIELD_EXTRA_LINE
 Some formats like SMPTE-125M have an interlaced signal with a odd total height. For these formats, if this flag is set, the first field has the extra line. If not, it is the second field.
 V4L2_DV_FL_HAS_PICTURE_ASPECT
 If set, then the picture_aspect field is valid. Otherwise assume that the pixels are square, so the picture aspect ratio is the same as the width to height ratio.
 V4L2_DV_FL_HAS_CEA861_VIC
 If set, then the cea861_vic field is valid and contains the Video Identification Code as per the CEA-861 standard.
 V4L2_DV_FL_HAS_HDMI_VIC
 If set, then the hdmi_vic field is valid and contains the Video Identification Code as per the HDMI standard (HDMI Vendor Specific InfoFrame).

DTI timings

DTI allows specifying the porches/syncs as intervals, as <min typ max> triplets instead of a <value>.
		clock-frequency = <148500000>;
		hactive = <1920>;
		vactive = <1080>;
		hsync-len = <0 44 60>;
		hfront-porch = <80 88 95>;
		hback-porch = <100 148 160>;
		vfront-porch = <0 4 6>;
		vback-porch = <0 36 50>;
		vsync-len = <0 5 6>;

parallel buses

 4bit - some QVGA displays, character displays
 8bit - most common
 16bit - some graphics controllers
 6800 style - parallel with Read/Write, Enable
 8080 style - parallel with Read, Write

LVDS bit orders

lvds connect config [ref]
     Y0 Y1 Y2 Y3    Y0 Y1 Y2 Y3    Y0 Y1 Y2 Y3    Y0 Y1 Y2 Y3    Y0 Y1 Y2 Y3
 clk tx tx tx t x   LVDS_8BIT_1    LVDS_8BIT_2    LVDS_8BIT_3    LVDS_6BIT
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  0   0  8 19 27    r0 g1 b2 r6    r2 g3 b4 r0    r2 g3 b4  0    r0 g1 b2  0
  0   1  9 20  5    r1 g2 b3 r7    r3 g4 b5 r1    r3 g4 b5  0    r1 g2 b3  0
  1   2 12 21 10    r2 g3 b4 g6    r4 g5 b6 g0    r4 g5 b6  0    r2 g3 b4  0
  1   3 13 22 11    r3 g4 b5 g7    r5 g6 b7 g1    r5 g6 b7  0    r3 g4 b5  0
  1   4 14 24 16    r4 g5 HS b6    r6 g7 HS b0    r6 g7 HS  0    r4 g5 HS  0
  0   6 15 25 17    r5 b0 VS b7    r7 b2 VS b1    r7 b2 VS  0    r5 b0 VS  0
  0   7 18 26 23    g0 b1 DE --    g2 b3 DE --    g2 b3 DE --    g0 b1 DE --
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
HS = horizontal sync
VS = vertical sync
DE = display enable
 = reserved/unused/0

Some displays have SEL_LVDS or LVDS_MODE pin that selects between 8bit_1 and 8bit_2.

Differences/similarities:
8bit_1 assigns MSB pairs to lane Y3
8bit_2 assigns LSB pairs to lane Y3
8bit_3 and 6bit have only 6 bits of color, lane Y3 is unused/not present
8bit_3 is identical to 8bit_2, sends bits 2..7
6bit   is identical to 8bit_1, sends bits 0..5
sync/DE have same positions in all schemes

Display color styles:
RGB (most common)
YCbCr

Embedded display types:
RGB              parallel color data
LVDS, DualLVDS   serialized to 4 or 3 lanes
MIPI, DualMIPI   serialized to several lanes
MCU              directly connected to MCU
TVOUT            composite video
HDMI             HDMI output
EDP              Embedded Display Port
LVDS 10bit, DualLVDS 10bit
DP

Output wirings (P for parallel, S for serial):
OUT_P888      24bit screen, on Rockchip chips connect to lcdc D0~D23
OUT_D888_P666 18bit screen, on Rockchip chips connect to lcdc D2~D7, D10~D15, D18~D23
OUT_D888_P565 16bit screen
OUT_P666      18bit screen, on Rockchip chips connect to lcdc D0~D17
OUT_P565      16bit screen
OUT_P16BPP4
OUT_CCIR656   YCbCr, 8/10 bit (Y/Cx multiplexed) or 16/20 bit (YCb/YCr multiplexed)
OUT_YUV_420   YCbCr
OUT_S888x     serial
OUT_S888      serial
8bit multiplexed YCbCr - 8bit bus
10bit multiplexed YCbCr - 10bit bus
16bit YCbCr - 8bit Y, 8bit alternating Cb/Cr
20bit YCbCr - 10bit Y, 10bit alternating Cb/Cr
CCIR656: 8bit 4:2:2 (656 is the spec number, NOT the bits-per-channel)

colorspaces:
COLOR_RGB
COLOR_RGB_BT2020
COLOR_YCBCR
COLOR_YCBCR_BT709
COLOR_YCBCR_BT2020

Pixel clock 0=drive on falling, sample on rising
Pixel clock 1=drive on rising, sample on falling

Control signals

SPI (serial, smallest displays)

 MOSI, MCLK, CE, optionally MISO - SPI bus (MISO mostly used together with additional CE for touchscreen chips)
 RESET - resets the controller (optional, sometimes not used)
 DC - data/command (also RS, Register Select); rarely not used
 software protocol, specific for the controller
 no timings except max SPI clock, time for commands to execute on the display controller

DPI (parallel)

 R7..R0, G7..G0, B7..B0 - parallel color data (for 8:8:8; may not be all present - R7..R3/G7..G2/B7..B3 is common for 5:6:5)
 HSync, VSync - horizontal and vertical synchro (mandatory); polarity depends on display
 DE - Data Enable, active when active pixels are being sent; polarity depends on display; optional?
 PCLK - Pixel Clock, edge writes data from bus to display, increments internal address registers

DE and PCLK aren't used on parallel-to-analog converters (eg. VGA666 raspi hat)

LVDS

 several lanes, with data and clock; typ. 3-4
 come in pairs; D0M,D0P, D1M,D1P, D2M,D2P, D3M,D3P, CLKM,CLKP; M/P for minus/plus; nomenclature varies wildly
 data serialized in different possible schemes - jeida-18, jeida-24, vesa-24
 HSync,VSync,DE serialized into the data stream as control bits - CTL0=HSync, CTL1=VSync, CTL2=DE, CTL3=0/reserved
 jeida-18 uses 3 data + 1 clock lanes
 jeida-24 and vesa-24 both use 4 data + 1 clock lanes, differ in color bits positions, control bits are in the same positions
 jeida-18 compatible with JEIDA, LDI, VESA specs; fsl,data-mapping="spwg"; fsl,data-width=18; data-mapping="jeida-18"
 jeida-24 compatible with DSIM and LDI specs; fsl,data-mapping="jeida"; fsl,data-width=24
 vesa-24 compatible with VESA specs; fsl,data-mapping="spwg"; fsl,data-width=24

DSI/MIPI

similar to LVDS in principle, more complicated, MIPI standard; similar to CSI/MIPI standard for attaching cameras

identification

Many displays, whether external units or panels, have internal I2C memory with stored block of data
 DDC - Display Data Channel; VGA, older DVI
 DDC1 - short-lived odd scheme
 DDC2 - an I2C bus with EEPROM on 0x50 address (read-only, addressed always 0xA1); 128-256 bytes of EDID data
 DDC/CI - a command set for monitors, sent over the bus
 MCCS, Monitor Control Command Set, VESA standard
 often over DDC channel
 use ddcutil
 E-DDC is extension with address register at 0x30
 EDID - most common

MCCS

 usually works over I2C, some monitors have USB control, usually as USB HID device
 ddccontrol, ddcpci - ddccontrol package, 
 ddcutil, for control of monitors by MCCS over DDC or USB, query capabilities - https://www.ddcutil.com/
 usbmonctl, for monitors that implement USB Monitor Control Class Specification - https://github.com/ondrej-zary/usbmonctl

backlight control, enable

some related external signals can be present.
 backlight - plain enable, and/or PWM brightness regulation
 enable - or also shutdown, for the whole panel, for power saving
 optional other signals - tearing suppression synchronization...

Sensors

Popular sensor resolutions were added to the table for easy comparison.

Notes:
 arducam, MIPI cameras with userland drivers on raspi: https://www.arducam.com/use-almost-any-mipi-camera-module-on-raspberry-pi/

modeline formats

common variables:
clocks:
    [pixelMHz]      pixel clock in MHz, with decimal point
    [pixelHz]       pixel clock in Hz (integer, lots of zeroes, don't get too few/many)
    [pixeltimeps]   pixel time in picoseconds (for framebuffer setting); 1000000/pixelMHz, (1000*1000*1000*1000)/pixelHz
horizontal:
    [hres]          active horizontal pixels, what's shown on screen
    [hfp]           horizontal front porch (pixels)
    [hsyncw]        horizontal sync pulse width (pixels)
    [hbp]           horizontal back porch (pixels)
    [htotal]        derived value; total horizontal pixels (hres+hfp+hsyncw+hbp)
vertical:
    [vres]          active vertical lines/pixels, what's shown on screen
    [vfp]           vertical front porch (lines)
    [vsyncw]        vertical sync pulse width (lines)
    [vbp]           vertical back porch (lines)
    [vtotal]        derived value; total vertical lines (vres+vfp+vsyncw+vbp)
various:
    [bpp]           bits per pixel, for framebuffer configs; does not influence video format/frequency,
                    can engage the available-memory/memory-access-speed bottlenecks

Derived:
    [hfreq]         horizontal frequency, in kHz; pixelHz/htotal/1000
    [vfreq]         vertical frequency, in Hz; pixelHz/htotal/vtotal

Limitations:
Pixel clock - limited range of values, and the available resolution/granularity, by the hardware of the video controller.
              Eg. 20-200 MHz, with 2.5 MHz step. Modern PLL generators have fine granularity.
              Some video adapters use single fixed clock, or have a few values to choose from.
Horizontal values - early video controller chips were saving every bit and were tightly coupled with
              character generators. Register values for timings were often in characters, which were
              typically 8 pixels wide. It is therefore common for these values to be an integer
              multiple of 8, older standards even required this.
Frequencies - old fixed-sync monitors required a narrow range of hfreq, and sometimes a little wider range of vfreq.
              More modern multisync monitors give wider range of both.
              Feeding a fixed-sync monitor with too low (or sometimes too high) frequency can smoke the components.
Bandwidth - related to pixel clock. Maximum frequency the cables and electronics can pass through
              without undue attenuation. Minimum and maximum clock frequency the interface can handle.

Maximum limits can be fit within by using reduced blanking times (for non-CRT displays). The general speed limit
can be traded against resolution or framerate. Some modern high-bandwidth interfaces allow runtime compression
or dropping some data (YCbCr with 4:2:2 subsampling is common.)

Minimum limits can be stretched by doubling or quadrupling pixels (sending the same pixel twice or four times in sequence)
and/or by doublescan, sending the whole scanline twice.

x11 modeline

modeline "name" [pixelMHz] \
                [hres] [hres+hfp] [hres+hfp+hsyncw] [htotal] \
                [vres] [vres+vfp] [vres+vfp+vsyncw] [vtotal] \
                [flags]
pixelclock: in megahertz, with decimal points
flags: +hsync/-hsync: horizontal sync polarity
       +vsync/-vsync: vertical sync polarity
       +csync/-csync: composite sync polarity (rare)
       interlace: for interlaced modes, otherwise progressive scan
       doublescan: for doubling the lines ("DS")
       hskew <num>: pixels to skew signal; many drivers don't use it; if right end of line is seen on left side of display, decrease this
       vscan <num>: how many times to paint each scanline; default=1, "doublescan" flag sets this to 2

example (640x480@75, 31.5 MHz clock):
 modeline "640x480@75" 31.5   640 656 720 840   480 481 484 500   -hsync -vsync
example, in different notation:
 Mode "640x480@75"
      DotClock     31.5
      HTimings     640 656 720 840
      VTimings     480 481 484 500
      Flags        "-hsync -vsync"
 EndMode
The section has also options:
 Option DPMS <bool> - enable/disable power saving extensions; default true
 Option SyncOnGreen <bool> - enable sync on green if card supports; default false

raspi hdmi_timings reboot-less switch

hdmi_timings=[hres] [hsyncpol] [hfp] [hsyncw] [hbp] \
             [vres] [vsyncpol] [vfp] [vsyncw] [vbp] \
             [vsyncoffset_a] [vsyncoffset_b] [pixel_rep] \
             [framerate] [interlaced] [pixelHz] [aspectratio]

hsyncpol,vsyncpol: 0 for -, 1 for +
interlaced: 0 for progressive, 1 for interlaced
vsyncoffset_a, vsyncoffset_b, pixel_rep: leave at zero
aspectratio: code for aspect ratio:
   1 = 4:3
   2 = 14:9
   3 = 16:9
   4 = 5:4
   5 = 16:10
   6 = 15:9
   7 = 21:9
   8 = 64:27

example for config.txt (640x480@75, 31.5 MHz clock):
 hdmi_group=2
 hdmi_mode=87
 hdmi_timings=640 0 16 64 120   480 0 1 3 16   0 0 0   75 0 31500000 1
change resolution on the fly via vcgencmd without reboot: Example for CPS II System
c vcgencmd hdmi_timings 384 1 0 11 28 224 1 30 0 30 0 0 0 60 0 6400000 1
c tvservice -e "DMT 87"
c fbset -depth 8
c fbset -depth 16

MiSTer video_mode

video_mode=[hres],[hfp],[hsyncw],[hbp],[vres],[vfp],[vsyncw],[vbp],[pixelkHz]

The frequency is in kilohertz; MHz/1000, Hz*1000 [ref]

example (640x480@75, 31.5 MHz clock):
 video_mode=640,16,64,120,480,1,3,16,31500

fb.modes

in /etc/fb.modes file

mode "name"
    # D: [pixelMHz] MHz, H: [horizontal sync freq] kHz, V: [accurate vertical sync freq] Hz
    # just a comment but a good habit to have it there to look-and-see
    geometry [hres] [vres] [hres] [vres] [bpp]
    timings [pixelps] [hbp] [hfp] [vbp] [vfp] [hsyncw] [vsyncw]
    [flag]
    [flag]
    ...
endmode

flags:
    hsync high     for +hsync
    vsync high     for +vsync
    laced true     for interlaced

example:

 mode "640x480-72"
     # D: 31.20 MHz, H: 37.500 kHz, V: 72.12 Hz
     geometry 640 480 640 480 8
     timings 32052 128 24 28 9 40 3
 endmode

various clock data

Pixel clocks (arcades): https://pineight.com/mw/index.php?title=Dot_clock_rates
Main xtals (arcades): https://github.com/MisterTea/MAMEHub/blob/master/Sources/Emulator/src/emu/drivers/xtal.h

old video adapters

type            clock       horz      vert
                2.250                        base granularity of VESA standards, derived from TV industry
NTSC                       15.73426    59.94
NTSC orig                  15.750      60.00
PAL                        15.625      50.00
Hercules       16.000                  50    720x350/720x348
MDA            16.257      18.43       50    720x350
CGA            14.318      15.75       60
EGA RGB        14.318      15.75       60
EGA mono       16.257      18.43       50
EGA RGB        16.257      21.85       60

VGA: 0.7v pp analog video, 75 ohm (RS-343 television standard), separate syncs

drivers for Intel GEM, precursor of Windows 3.0  http://www.seasip.info/Gem/Drivers/video.html

signal levels

              RS-343A          RS-170
          525/60   625/50     (old US)
sync      -0.286   -0.300      -0.40
blank      0      (-0.054)      0
black      0.054    0           0.075
white      0.714    0.700       1.000
total      1.000    1.000       1.4
                 most common

the blank/black differs if "pedestal" ("setup") is used
european system does not use pedestal

negative modulation usually used, so full-white gives zero, full-sync gives full amplitude
 - full amplitude always assured by sync pulses, AGC amps can be used to normalize signal independently on video content

values in volts, assuming 75-ohm load

video cards give output ranges on RGB varying in 0.660, 0.700, or 0.714 volts peak-peak; no problem for analog,
trouble for high-performance digital (clipping can occur)
sync-on-green moves video to 1.000 volts peak-to-peak by adding the pedestal/sync levels

composite sync: horizontal sync XORed with vertical

Sound sampling, audio samplerates

 kHz       bit
 8         8/10/12/16   telephony
 14                 Vertical Interval Multiple Channel Audio System (VIMCAS) sound-in-syncs, stereo/2-channel, 6 scanlines; VISCAS, 1 scanline (talkback, foldback/monitor)
           10       early Sound-in-Syncs, later uses NICAM
 16
 32        14       Near Instantaneous Companded Audio Multiplex (NICAM), early (early 1970s) lossy compression for digital audio
 44.1      16       CD-quality, DAT
 48        16       DAT
 88.2      16/20/24 2x 44.1
 64
 96        16/24    2x 48
 176.4              4x 44.1
 192                4x 48
 352.8     24       8x 44.1; Digital eXtreme Definition (DXD)
2.8224MHz   1       DSD64, SACD, up to 6 channels, sigma-delta
5.6448MHz   1       DSD128 (x2)
11.2896MHz  1       DSD256 (x4)
22.57892MHz 1       DSD512 (x8)

15.734 kHz   NTSC stereo pilot tone
19 kHz       FM radio pilot tone
54.6875 kHz  Zweikanalton/A2 Stereo, PAL analog TV stereo

Standards

ITU-470-6    SDTV baseband - composite (CVBS), S-video
VESA         computer monitors - DMT, CVT, DDWG
CEA-861B     SDTV - YPbPr video
CEA-861C     HDTV - HDMI
SMPTE-259M   SDI
SMPTE-292M-C HD-SDI
Rec.601      CCIR-601, BT.601 - SDTV digital encoding for 525/60 and 625/50, 720 samples per line, YCbCr 4:2:2; reused in MPEG and H.26x
Rec.709      BT.709, ITU709 - HDTV digital encoding for 1035i30 (MUSE, obsolete), 1152i25 (experimental, Europe)
Rec.2020     HDTV, defines 4K (3840x2160) and 8K (7680x4320), at 120p, 119.88p, 100p, 60p, 59.94p, 50p, 30p, 29.97p, 25p, 24p, 23.976p, 10 or 12 bit color, wider gamut
Rec.2100     HDTV, HDR for FHD and more

Sources:

MHi modelines                http://martin.hinner.info/vga/timing.html
arcade/game modelines        http://www.geocities.ws/podernixie/htpc/modes-en.html
MythTV modelines             https://www.mythtv.org/wiki/Modeline_Database
x86 extramodes               https://cgit.freedesktop.org/xorg/xserver/tree/hw/xfree86/common/extramodes
common x11 modelines         https://www.phoronix.com/forums/forum/hardware/graphics-cards/8714-a-listing-of-common-video-mode-lines
VIC=xx EIA/CIA-861 std       table "EIA/CEA-861 standard resolutions and timings" from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_Display_Identification_Data
DMT v1.0 r11                 from source https://gitlab.riscosopen.org/RiscOS/Sources/Video/UserI/ScrModes/-/raw/master/c/tables


Online calculator:
https://arachnoid.com/modelines/

Adapting fixed-frequency monitor:   https://www.repairfaq.org/sam/ffmon.htm
Old monitors database: http://web.archive.org/web/19970619083647/http://www.nashville.net/~griffin/monitor.html
Old monitors database: http://web.archive.org/web/20030627172550/http://www.si87.com/MonitorSolutions/index.html

Video standard timings:   http://what-when-how.com/display-interfaces/format-and-timing-standards-display-interfaces-part-2/
Digital video standards, panel interconnections: http://what-when-how.com/display-interfaces/digital-display-interface-standards-part-1/


asterisked vertical frequencies can be dual, both the 1/1.001 slower NTSC and the full ATSC
 adjusted by slowing the pixel clock
 clock rates for ATSC
 framerate for NTSC, to attract attention with the fractional number

Legend

====== = image sensors, less common
=====! = image sensors, important
=====  = image sensors
====   = less common resolution
===    = somewhat common resolution
==     = very common resolution
===L   = somewhat common resolution, total scanlines
==L    = very common resolution, total scanlines
H      = historical standard
S      = directly or slightly indirectly taken from standard
T      = television standard, not directly from standards
t      = television use
C      = computer standard
Ch     = computer standard, historical
c      = computer use
cf     = computer use, fixed-frequency monitors
g      = game console use
a      = arcade game/monitor use
d      = device-specific setting
e      = embedded display setting (parallel, LVDS, MIPI...)
l      = laptop display setting
value range implies value type:
 MHz, megahertz - pixel clock        (picoseconds, 1 pixel)
 kHz, kilohertz - horizontal refresh (microseconds, pixels)
 Hz, hertz      - vertical refresh   (milliseconds, lines)


For VESA mode numbers:
decimal_number/bit_depth
16col  = 16 colors palette (4bit)
256col = 256 colors palette (8bit)
15b    = 15bit color, 5:5:5
16b    = 16bit color, 5:6:5
24b    = 24bit color, 8:8:8
32b    = 32bit color, 8:8:8[:8]; last is alpha channel, unused; 32-bit memory alignment, faster access

For analog HD signals: "3" in hsync column is three-level signal (zero to -300mV, to +300 mV, back to zero); front porch is pixels to the center edge

display pin mappings, standard: https://developer.toradex.com/knowledge-base/display-output-resolution-and-timings-linux
https://github.com/BeastRoms-Devices/kernel_realme_RMX1927/blob/master/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/display/panel/panel-lvds.txt
spwg	18	jeida-18
spwg	24	vesa-24
jeida	24	jeida-24

Table

a   mame.ini             1368x1024i@28.235  1728   1115      31.4815 - -      54.400       48   208  104     22    4   65        from mame.ini







                                                                              pixel     front       back   front       back
                                            Htotal Vtotal     hsync   vsync   clock     porch hsync porch  porch vsync porch
    mode       name      res                pixels lines      kHz  pol pol     MHz       pix   pix   pix   lines lines lines

=====                      16x4 4:1         // thermal camera sensor, MLX90621
=====                       8x8 1:1         // ToF camera sensor, 8000 fps
====                       42x11            // Timex Datalink USB, smart watch
====                       16x16            // Microvision, handheld game console
=====                      32x24 4:3        // thermal camera sensor, MLX90640
====                      ~31x30 4:3        // mechanical scan TV, Konigs Wusterhausen 1932, 12.5 fps, 39 scanlines
====                      ~40x30 4:3        // mechanical-scan TV, Switzerland 1932, 16.6 fps; also USSR, 12.5 fps; Germany, 1932, 12.5 fps; Belgium, 12.5 and 16.6 fps
====                       40x30 4:3        // Etch A Sketch Animator
====                      ~70x30 3:7        // mechanical-scan TV, Baird, UK 1932, 5 (later 12.5) fps
=====                      32x32 1:1        // thermal camera sensor; Cromemco Cyclops image sensor
====                       32x32 1:1        // PocketStation
====                       42x32 ~1:1       // Epson RC-20
====                       48x32 3:2        // GameKing I (GM-218), VMU
====                       64x32 2:1        // small LCD displays, for pushbuttons
====                      128x32 4:1        // small OLED displays; also 120x32, 122x32, 132x32, 144x32, 180x32, 192x32
====                      128x36            // Montblanc e-Strap
====                       60x40 3:2        // Etch A Sketch Animator 2000
====                      150x40 15:4       // Entex Adventure Vision, CRT game console, 1982
====                      ~64x48 4:3        // mechanical-scan TV, Doberitz 1932, 25 fps
====                       64x48 4:3        // small OLED displays, for pushbuttons
===                        84x48 7:4        // small LCD displays, eg. Nokia 5110/3310; Nokia 3210 and many other early Nokia Phones
====                      128x48 3:2        // TRS-80 computer
====                      ~35x60 3:7        // mechanical-scan TV, France 1932, 12.5 fps
====                      ~45x60 4:3        // mechanical-scan TV, Italy 1932, 20 fps
=====!                     80x60 4:3        // thermal imagers (older FLiR One); ToF camera sensor, 1000 fps
====                      ~83x60 4:3        // mechanical-scan TV, Berlin R.P.Z. 1932, 25 fps
=====                     160x60 8:3        // ToF camera sensor, 512 fps
====                       64x64 1:1        // Hartung Game Master
====                       72x64            // Field Technology CxMP smart watch
====                       75x64            // Epoch Game Pocket Computer
====                       96x64 3:2        // Pokemon Mini gaming console; first graphing calculators: Casio fx-7000G, TI-81
====                      102x64 51:32      // Ruputer/onHand PC, Seiko wristwatch computer, 1998; monochrome
==                        128x64 2:1        // small LCD/OLED displays, very common for 1bpp graphical LCD and VFD; often I2C/SPI interface, own controller; also 128x65; also transparent OLED
====                      240x64 15:4       // Atari Portfolio, TRS-80 Model 100
a   SailorSat usermodes   480x64@60.000      640    262      15.7200 - -      10.061       32    64   64     66   99   33        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
====                       96x65 3:2        // early Nokia colour screen phones	
====                      172x72 21.5:9     // small LCD displays
====                      101x80 ~5:4       // Sony Ericsson T68i, T300, T310 and other early colour screen phones
===                       160x80 2:1        // small LCD displays; Arduino TFTs (SPI, own controller), eg. 0.96"; some advertising LED screens
=== SQVGA 16:9            160x90 16:9       // ISDB-T portable video
=====                     120x90 4:3        // thermal camera sensor
====Pixelvision           120x90 4:3        // PXL-2000 toy camcorder using audio cassettes
====                       96x96 1:1        // small eink displays, 1.3"; MetaWatch Strata & Frame watches
==  SQCIF, MMS-Small      128x96 16:11      // Sub-QCIF; sqcif (ffmpeg); videoconferencing, H.263; smallest generally used color cellphone screen; lowest-res for 3GPP video via MMS
====                      200x96 ~2:1       // small eink displays, 2"; PaPiRus Zero for raspi
======                    100x100 1:1       // Kodak prototype image sensor, 1975
===                       160x100 16:10     // small LCD displays; also 160x104
=== CGA                   160x100           // CGA, 16-color; tweak of 80x25 text mode, one character is two pixels; pixel aspect 1:1.2; more details available with ASCII art
====                      160x102 ~8:5      // Atari Lynx
====                      212x104 ~2:1      // small eink displays, 2.13"
====                      312x104 3:1       // some advertising LED screens
=====!                    160x120 4:3       // standard small image size; thermal camera sensor
==  QQVGA/SQVGA 4:3       160x120p 4:3      // qqvga (ffmpeg); SDTV NTSC, some portable devices, low-res for webcams and slow streaming; ISDB-T portable video
==                                          // lowest common video res; thermal imagers (FLiR One); 0.5x0.5 320x240, 1/4x1/4 640x480
=== QCIF                  176x120p 4:3/22:15 // SDTV NTSC; analog security cameras
====                      260x120 19.5:9    // some advertising LED screens (Blip)
====                      250x122 ~2:1      // small eink displays, 2.13"
====                      128x128 1:1       // small LCD displays; Arduino TFTs (SPI, own controller); Sony SmartWatch, Sifteo cubes, early color screen phones (square display)
======                    160x128 5:4       // thermal camera sensor
===                       160x128 5:4       // common LCDs of small consumer electronics; Arduino TFTs (SPI, own controller), eg. 1.8"
====                      240x128 15:8      // small LCD displays; text 40x16 (character 6x8) (HP 95LX/100LX/200LX)
====                      296x128 ~21.9     // small eink displays, 2.9" (also flex)
====                      384x128 3:1       // some advertising LED screens
====                      432x128 27:8      // Samsung Gear Fit smartwatch
===                       240x135 16:9      // small LCD displays; Arduino TFTs (SPI, own controller), eg. 1.14"
====                      160x144 10:9      // common for old portable videogames; Nintendo Game Boy (GB), Game Boy Color (GBC); Sega Game Gear (GG)
====                      168x144 10.5:9    // small eink displays, 1.3"; Pebble E-Paper Watch
=====!                    176x144 11:9      // standard small image size
==  QCIF                  176x144 4:3/11:9  // CCITT/ITU H.261 standard; qcif (ffmpeg); viewfinders; videoconferencing, H.261, H.263; 1/3x1/2 PAL; recommended for medium-quality MMS video
=====!                    192x144 4:3       // standard small image size
====                      224x144 14:9      // WonderSwan, portable gaming console from 1999
====                      256x144 16:9      // LDTV, Youtube lowest res; 1/10 of 1440p
====                      360x144           // 0.5x0.5 360x288, 0.5x0.25 720x576; PAL CCTV digital video recorder mode
======                    200x150 4:3       // thermal camera sensor
====                      160x152 20:19     // Neo Geo Pocket Color
====                      272x152 ~16:9     // some advertising LED screens (Blip)
====                      160x160 1:1       // small LCD displays; Palm LoRes
==  HQVGA                 240x160 3:2       // smaller electronics, Nintendo Game Boy Advance
ae  raspi GBA prototype   240x160@57.720     396    280      16.1616 + +       6.400       54    48   54     50   10   60        4:3; GBA 240:160 (Prototyp) - Rand ist unten; [ref]
====                      256x160 16:10
====                      320x160 2:1       // some advertising LED screens
====                      252x162 14:9      // some advertising LED screens (Blip)
===L                      ?x169             // 180-line historical TV
H                         ?x169                ?    180       4.5000                      2.2us 20us 2.2us         1
c   VGA NVIDIA            320x175@42.5       416    222      37.8606 + - DS   15.75        16    32   48     16    1   30        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
c                         320x175@85.27      416    222      37.8606 + - DS   15.750       16    32   48     16    1   30        [link?:refhttps://gathering.tweakers.net/forum/list_messages/599948]
====                      208x176 13:11     // Nokia Series 60 smartphones (Nokia 7650, plus First and Second Edition models only)
====                      220x176 5:4       // older Java MIDP devices like Sony Ericsson K600
====                      264x176 3:2       // small eink displays, 2.7"; Waveshare/PaPiRus hat for raspi
===L 180-line             180p/25           // historical tv; 180-line television system
H                         ?x169                ?    180       4.5000                      2.2us 20us 2.2us         1
======                    240x180 4:3       // thermal camera sensor
=== QVGA 16:9             320x180 16:9      // ISDB-T portable video
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)   320x180@59.36      400    187      22.2000 + - DS    8.880       24    16   40      1    3    3        from EDID
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)   320x180@59.84      400    188      22.5000 - + DS    9.000       12    28   40      1    3    4        from EDID
====                      680x180 34:9      // some advertising LED screens (Blip)
a   SailorSat usermodes   256x184@60.000     344    262      15.7200 - -       5.408       16    40   32     26   39   13        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
===                       140x192p 4:3      // TV-as-monitor, low-end; Apple II HiRes (6 color) and Apple IIe Double HiRes (16 color), grouping subpixels
a   SailorSat usermodes   240x192@60.000     320    262      15.7200 - -       5.030       16    32   32     24   34   12        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   240x192@61.167     320    257      15.7198 - -       5.030       16    32   32     22   32   11        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
g   Sega Master PAL       248x192@50.000     341    312              - -       5.320       22    25   46     50    3   67        arcade/game modelines; videogame, Sega Master System, ColecoVision
g   Sega Master NTSC      248x192@60.000     342    262              - -       5.370       22    25   47     29    3   38        arcade/game modelines; videogame, Sega Master System, ColecoVision
====                      256x192 4:3       // TMS9918 (video controller) modes 1 (e.g. TI-99/4a) and 2, ZX Spectrum, MSX, Nintendo DS (each screen)
g   Sega Master PAL       256x192@50.000     341    312              - -       5.320       18    25   42     50    3   67        arcade/game modelines; videogame, Sega Master System, ColecoVision
g   Sega Master NTSC      256x192@60.000     342    262              - -       5.370       18    25   43     29    3   38        arcade/game modelines; videogame, Sega Master System, ColecoVision
a   SailorSat usermodes   256x192@60.000     344    262      15.7200 - -       5.408       16    40   32     24   34   12        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
g   Sega Master (NTSC)    256x192@60.080     297    269      16.1616 + +       4.800        6    17   18     26   22   29        4:3; Sega Master System (NTSC); [ref]
ae  raspi Sega Master     256x192@60.080     297    269      16.1616 + +       4.800        6    17   18     26   22   29        4:3; Sega Master System (NTSC); [ref]
====                      280x192 ~4:3      // Apple II HiRes (1 bit per pixel)
====                      288x192 3:2       // 0.5x0.5 576x384, 0.25x0.25 1152x768; some advertising LED screens
====                      320x192 5:3       // Atari 400/800 PAL
====                      384x192 2:1       // some advertising LED screens (Blip)
====                      480x192 5:2       // some advertising LED screens
====                      560x192           // Apple II, 15.7 kHz, 60 Hz; Apple IIe Double Hires (1 bit per pixel)
====                      160x200           // text 20x25 (char 8x8)
=== CGA                   160x200p 4:3      // 4bpp, 16-colors; artifact colors; VIC-II multicolor, IBM PCjr 16-color, Amstrad CPC
a   SailorSat usermodes   160x200@59.923     216    263      15.7598 - -       3.404       16     8   32     20   33   10        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
====                      200x200 1:1       // small eink displays, 1.54"
==  CGA/EGA/MCGA/VGA      320x200p 4:3      // cga (ffmpeg); TV-as-monitor, typical; also Atari ST (color broadcast standard), Commodore Amiga
==  CGA                   320x200           // 4 colors from palette of 16 (bg/green/red/brown, bg/cyan/magenta/white), pixel ratio 1:1.2, BIOS mode 4 ; text 40x25 16 color, 8x8 characters, BIOS mode 0 w/o and mode 1 w/ colorburst; can be used with artifact colors ("160x200"); usable with a television
==  CGA                                     // 14.318181 xtal, 15.6998 kHz/59.923 Hz
=== EGA                                     // text 40x25, character 8x8
=== Atari                                   // Atari resolution, 4bit "stlow"
====CGA                   320x200           // text 40x25 (char 8x8)
==                                          // VESA standard modes 269/15b,270/16b,271/24b; linux kernel vga=0x30d/15b,0x30e/16b,0x30f/24b; VGA BIOS "Mode 13h"/256col, extensively used in games
ch  Atari ST              320x200@50/60?                     15.75   -?-?     32.084988                                          calculated from specs; [ref]
Ch  CGA                   320x200@59.923     912    262      15.6998 + +      14.318      112    64   96     25    3   34        two clocks per visible pixel, otherwise identical to CGA 640x200
Ch  CGA                   320x200@59.923     912    262      15.6998 + +      14.318      112    64   96     25   16   21        longer vsync, fixed to 16 in original 6845 chip
a   arcade monitor        320x200@59.998     392    262      15.7194 - -       6.162        8    29   35     21    3   38        arcade/game modelines; fixed hsync freq arcade monitor
c   VGA NVIDIA            320x200@85.272     416    222      37.8606 - + DS   15.75        16    32   48      0    2   20        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
c   VGA NVIDIA            360x200@85.038     468    223      37.9274 - + DS   17.75        18    36   54      0    2   21        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
==  CGA/EGA               640x200p          // 640x200p a common full-NTSC res on Commodore Amiga; also Atari ST (color broadcast standard)
=== CGA                                     // monochrome, 15.75 kHz, 60 Hz; pixel ratio 1:2.4; 80x25 text, 16 colors, 8x8 characters, mode 2 w/o and mode 3 w/ colorburst; graphics BIOS mode 6; can be used with artifact colors
=== EGA                                     // text 8x25, character 8x8; Atari ST 4 color, CGA mono, Amiga OCS NTSC Hires, Apple IIGS HiRes, Nokia Series 80 smartphones
=== Atari ST                                // 4-of-512 colors, 2bit, "stmid"; 32.084988 xtal, 15.75 kHz horz, 50/60 Hz vert
=== Amiga                                   // Amiga resolution, OCS "ntsc", ECS (2bpp)/AGA (8bpp) chipsets, "euro36", "dblntsc"
====                      640x200           // text 80x25 (char 8x8)
Ch  CGA                   640x200@59.923     912    262      15.6998 + +      14.31818    112    64   96     25    3   34        [ref]
Ch  EGA mode 1            640x200@60                         15.75   + +      14.31818                                           see also 640x350, EGA mode 2
ch  Atari ST              640x200@50/60?                     15.75   -?-?     32.084988                                          calculated from specs; [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   640x200@60.000     856    262      15.7200 - -      13.456       48    72   96     20   32   10        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
====                     1056x200           // text 132x25 (8x8); ATI EGA/VGA Wonder
====                     1188x200           // text 132x25 (9x8)
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)   360x202@118.31     440    209      24.7273 + - DS   10.880       24    16   40      2    2    3        from EDID
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)   360x202@119.01     448    211      25.1116 - + DS   11.250       12    32   44      2    2    5        from EDID
====                      208x208 1:1       // Nokia 5500 Sport, Nokia 6230i, Nokia 8800
a   SailorSat usermodes   240x208@60.000     320    262      15.7200 - -       5.030       16    32   32     18   27    9        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   256x208@60.000     344    262      15.7200 - -       5.408       16    40   32     18   27    9        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   256x208@61.035     344    258      15.7471 - -       5.417       16    40   32     16   26    8        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   288x208@60.000     384    262      15.7200 - -       6.036       16    48   32     18   27    9        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
====                      320x208 ~3:2      // UIQ 2.x (Symbian) smartphones
====                      544x208           // some advertising LED screens (Blip)
====                      752x208 ~32.5:9   // some advertising LED screens (Blip)
a   SailorSat usermodes   280x210@60.000     376    262      15.7200 - -       5.911       16    48   32     18   25    9        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
====                      256x212 4:3/~1.20 // MSX2, 1983-era Microsoft home computer
====                      512x212 4:3/~2.41 // MSX2, 1983-era Microsoft home computer
====                      810x216 15:4      // some advertising LED screens (Blip)
=== Baird TV, 240        1200x220           // historical TV system, mechanically scanned, British
H   old TV, 240 Baird    1200x220@25.012    1336    240       6.003  - -       8.020       10    41   85      1   11    8        old British 240-line TV, "Baird"; [ref]
====                      640x222           // stereographic VGA, old standard; 31.5 kHz, 120 Hz
a   SailorSat usermodes   224x224@60.606     296    260      15.7576 - -       4.664       16    24   32     12   18    6        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   232x224@60.000     312    262      15.7200 - -       4.905       16    32   32     12   20    6        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   240x224@60.012     320    262      15.7233 - -       5.031       16    32   32     12   20    6        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   240x224@60.000     320    262      15.7200 - -       5.030       16    32   32     12   20    6        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   240x224@60.606     320    260      15.7576 - -       5.042       16    32   32     12   18    6        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
====                      256x224 1:1/8:7   // Nintendo Entertainment System, Super Nintendo Entertainment System
g   Nintendo PAL          256x224@50         341    312              - -       5.320       13    25   47     36    3   49        arcade/game modelines; videogame, Nintendo NES, fix for unused top/bottom 8 lines
g   Super Nintendo PAL    256x224@50         341    312              - -       5.320       18    25   42     36    3   49        arcade/game modelines; videogame, Nintendo SNES, most commonly used size
g   Nintendo 64 PAL       256x224@50         341    312              - -       5.320       18    25   42     36    3   49        arcade/game modelines; videogame, Nintendo 64
g   Sega Master PAL       256x224@50         341    312              - -       5.320       18    25   42     36    3   49        arcade/game modelines; videogame, Sega Master System, ColecoVision
a   SailorSat usermodes   256x224@56.738     344    278      15.7730 - -       5.426       16    40   32     18   27    9        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   arcade Xain Sleena    256x224@57         341    276      15.7    - -       5.370       18    25   42     18    3   31        arcade/game modelines; special game-specific mode
a   SailorSat usermodes   256x224@57.000     344    276      15.7320 - -       5.412       16    40   32     18   25    9        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   256x224@57.500     344    274      15.7550 - -       5.420       16    40   32     16   26    8        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   256x224@58.000     344    272      15.7760 - -       5.427       16    40   32     16   24    8        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   256x224@59.000     344    267      15.7530 - -       5.419       16    40   32     14   22    7        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   256x224@59.186     344    266      15.7434 - -       5.416       16    40   32     14   21    7        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   256x224@59.824     344    263      15.7338 - -       5.412       16    40   32     12   21    6        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
g   NES, SNES (NTSC)      256x224@59.978     302    265      15.8940 + +       4.800        8    17   21      7   10   24        4:3; NES, SNES (NTSC); [ref]
ae  raspi NES/SNES NTSC   256x224@59.978     302    265      15.8940 + +       4.800        8    17   21      7   10   24        4:3; NES, SNES (NTSC); [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   256x224@59.998     344    263      15.7795 - -       5.428       16    40   32     12   21    6        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   256x224@59.999     344    263      15.7798 - -       5.428       16    40   32     12   21    6        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
g   Nintendo NTSC         256x224@60         341    262              - -       5.370       13    25   47     12    3   23        arcade/game modelines; videogame, Nintendo NES, fix for unused top/bottom 8 lines
g   Super Nintendo NTSC   256x224@60         341    262              - -       5.370       18    25   42     12    3   23        arcade/game modelines; videogame, Nintendo SNES, most commonly used size
g   Nintendo 64 NTSC      256x224@60         341    262              - -       5.370       18    25   42     12    3   23        arcade/game modelines; videogame, Nintendo 64
g   Sega Master NTSC      256x224@60         341    262              - -       5.370       18    25   42     12    3   23        arcade/game modelines; videogame, Sega Master System, ColecoVision
g   Sega Mega Drive NTSC  256x224@60         341    262              - -       5.370       18    25   42     12    3   23        arcade/game modelines; videogame, Sega Mega Drive (Sega Genesis)
a                         256x224@59.514     368    263      15.6522           5.760       32    32   48     11    3   25        horizontal overscan [ref]
a                         256x224@59.97      368    261      15.6522 - -       5.760       32    32   48     10    3   24        works [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   256x224@60.000     344    262      15.7200 - -       5.408       16    40   32     12   20    6        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   256x224@60.098     344    262      15.7458 - -       5.417       16    40   32     12   20    6        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   256x224@60.115     344    262      15.7500 - -       5.418       16    40   32     12   20    6        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   256x224@60.176     344    262      15.7661 - -       5.424       16    40   32     12   20    6        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   256x224@60.606     344    260      15.7576 - -       5.421       16    40   32     12   18    6        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   256x224@60.811     344    259      15.7500 - -       5.418       16    40   32     12   17    6        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   256x224@61.247     344    257      15.7404           5.415       16    40   32     12   15    6        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   260x224@59.542     344    265      15.7786 - -       5.428       16    36   32     14   20    7        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   272x224@60.000     360    262      15.7200 - -       5.659       16    40   32     12   20    6        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   272x224@60.606     360    260      15.7576 - -       5.673       16    40   32     12   18    6        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   280x224@60.000     376    262      15.7200 - -       5.911       16    48   32     12   20    6        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   288x224@59.700     384    264      15.7608 - -       6.052       16    48   32     14   19    7        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   288x224@60.000     384    262      15.7200 - -       6.036       16    48   32     12   20    6        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   288x224@60.606     384    260      15.7576 - -       6.051       16    48   32     12   18    6        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   Neo-Geo CPS1/2 PAL    304x224@50         405    312              - -       6.327       15    30   56     38    3   47        arcade/game modelines; videogame, Neo-Gep CPS1 and CPS2 system boards
a   SailorSat usermodes   304x224@54.000     408    292      15.7680 - -       6.433       16    56   32     22   35   11        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   Neo-Geo CPS1/2 NTSC   304x224@60         405    262              - -       6.365       15    30   56     12    3   23        arcade/game modelines; videogame, Neo-Gep CPS1 and CPS2 system boards
a   SailorSat usermodes   304x224@60.000     408    262      15.7200 - -       6.414       16    56   32     12   20    6        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
====                      320x224 ~3:2      // Sega Nomad, Neo Geo AES
a   Neo-Geo CPS1/2 PAL    320x224@50         426    312              - -       6.660       16    31   59     38    3   47        arcade/game modelines; videogame, Neo-Gep CPS1 and CPS2 system boards
a   SailorSat usermodes   320x224@57.551     424    274      15.7689 - -       6.686       16    56   32     16   26    8        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   320x224@58.970     424    267      15.7450 - -       6.676       16    56   32     14   22    7        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   320x224@59.637     424    264      15.7443 - -       6.676       16    56   32     14   19    7        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat user mode   320x224@59.186     384    264      15.6250 - -       6.000        7    28   29     16    8   16        soft-15kHz, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
ae  raspi                 320x224@60.006     404    264      15.8416 + +       6.400       17    33   34     14    8   18        4:3; [ref]
g   Sega Genesis (NTSC)   320x224@60.006     404    264      15.8416 + +       6.400       20    29   35     10   14   16        4:3; Sega Genesis (NTSC); [ref]
ae  raspi Sega Genesis    320x224@60.006     404    264      15.8416 + +       6.400       20    29   35     10   14   16        4:3; SEGA Genesis (NTSC); [ref]
g   Sega Mega Drive NTSC  320x224@60         426    262              - -       6.700       16    31   59     12    3   23        arcade/game modelines; videogame, Sega Mega Drive (Sega Genesis)
a   Neo-Geo CPS1/2 NTSC   320x224@60         426    262              - -       6.700       16    31   59     12    3   23        arcade/game modelines; videogame, Neo-Gep CPS1 and CPS2 system boards
a   SailorSat usermodes   320x224@60.000     424    262      15.7200 - -       6.665       16    56   32     12   20    6        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   320x224@60.054     424    262      15.7342 - -       6.671       16    56   32     12   20    6        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   321x224@60.054     432    262      15.7342 - -       6.797       16    63   32     12   20    6        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   376x224@60.000     504    262      15.7200 - -       7.923       32    32   64     12   20    6        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   Neo-Geo CPS1/2 PAL    384x224@50         512    312              - -       8.000       20    37   71     38    3   47        arcade/game modelines; videogame, Neo-Gep CPS1 and CPS2 system boards, native
ae  raspi CapComPlay 1    384x224@53.275     423    284      15.1300 + +       6.400        0    11   28     30    0   30        4:3; CapcomPlaySystem 1; [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   384x224@59.633     512    264      15.7432 - -       8.061       32    32   64     14   19    7        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   Neo-Geo CPS1/2 NTSC   384x224@60         511    262              - -       8.040       19    37   71     12    3   23        arcade/game modelines; videogame, Neo-Gep CPS1 and CPS2 system boards, native
a   SailorSat usermodes   384x224@60.000     512    262      15.7200 - -       8.049       32    32   64     12   20    6        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   416x224@60.000     552    262      15.7200 - -       8.677       32    40   64     12   20    6        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   512x224@59.091     680    267      15.7773 - -      10.729       32    72   64     14   22    7        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   512x224@60.000     680    262      15.7200 - -      10.690       32    72   64     12   20    6        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat 15kHz cust  768x224@60.577    1056    260      15.7500 - -      16.632       72    72  144      3    3   30        soft-15kHz, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
ae  raspi NeoGeo         1920x224@59.187    2599    264      15.6252 + +      40.610      152   247  280     13    8   19        4:3; [ref]
ae  raspi 224p@60        1920x224@60.005    2599    262      15.7214 + +      40.860      152   247  280      8    7   23        4:3; [ref]
ae  raspi 216p@60        1920x224@60.005    2599    262      15.7214 + +      40.860      152   247  280      8    7   23        4:3; [ref]
ae  raspi 192p@60        1920x224@60.005    2599    262      15.7214 + +      40.860      152   247  280      8    7   23        4:3; [ref]
ae  raspi SNES           1920x224@60.108    2566    262      15.7482 + +      40.410      160   200  286      9    8   21        4:3; [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   336x225@59.923     448    263      15.7598 - -       7.060       16    64   32     12   20    6        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
====                      640x225           // Wang Professional Computer, 4-color
ae  raspi                 386x226@5.074      441    286       1.4512 + +       0.640       10    15   30     30    0   30        4:3; [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   512x228@60.202     680    262      15.7729 - -      10.726       32    72   64     12   16    6        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
ae  raspi PC Engine       256x229@61.367     302    259      15.8940 + +       4.800        8    17   21      0   30    0        4:3; PC Engine (twitches on top); [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   256x230@60         344    262      15.7200 - -       5.408       16    40   32     10   17    5        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
ae  raspi                 260x230@60.101     306    261      15.6863 + +       4.800        8    17   21      7   24    0        4:3; [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   256x231@61.035     344    258      15.7471 - -       5.417       16    40   32      8   15    4        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   292x231@60.096     392    262      15.7452 - -       6.172       16    52   32     10   16    5        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   224x232@60         296    262      15.7200 - -       4.653       16    24   32     10   15    5        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   240x232@60         320    262      15.7200 - -       5.030       16    32   32     10   15    5        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   255x232@60         336    262      15.7200 - -       5.282       16    33   32     10   15    5        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   256x232@58         344    272      15.7760 - -       5.427       16    40   32     14   19    7        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   256x232@60         344    262      15.7200 - -       5.408       16    40   32     10   15    5        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   256x232@61.035     344    258      15.7471 - -       5.417       16    40   32      8   14    4        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   320x232@58.97      424    267      15.7450 - -       6.676       16    56   32     12   17    6        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   320x232@60         424    262      15.7200 - -       6.665       16    56   32     10   15    5        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   496x232@60         664    262      15.7200 - -      10.438       32    72   64     10   15    5        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
ae  raspi PCENGINE       1920x232@59.953    2614    262      15.7077 + +      41.060      158   250  286      4    3   23        4:3; [ref]
====                      320x234 ~4:3      // some LCDs on equipment, eg. Rigol DS1052D
====WQVGA*                480x234 ~16:9     // 0.866 PAR; Variant used commonly for portable DVD players, digital photo frames, GPS receivers and devices such as the Kenwood DNX-5120 and Glospace SGK-70; often marketed as "16:9"
ae  raspi                 480x234@59.164     610    266      15.7377 + +       9.600       29    35   66      4   10   18        4:3; [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   272x236@60         360    262      15.7200 - -       5.659       16    40   32      8   14    4        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   320x236@60         424    262      15.7200 - -       6.665       16    56   32      8   14    4        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   294x238@60.096     392    262      15.7452 - -       6.172       16    50   32      8   12    4        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
g   Super Nintendo PAL    256x239@50         341    312              - -       5.320       18    25   42     29    3   41        arcade/game modelines; videogame, Nintendo SNES, less common mode
g   Super Nintendo NTSC   256x239@60         341    262              - -       5.370       18    25   42      5    3   15        arcade/game modelines; videogame, Nintendo SNES, less common mode
a   SailorSat usermodes   316x239@60.096     424    262      15.7452 - -       6.676       16    60   32      8   11    4        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   318x239@57.551     424    274      15.7689 - -       6.686       16    58   32     12   17    6        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
ae  raspi SNES           1920x239@50.018    2592    312      15.6057 + +      40.450      158   200  314     25    6   42        4:3; [ref]
==L                       240p              // 525 line, NTSC; variant of 480i, each frame sent twice unchanged; see 288p for PAL; common early arcade videogame format
a   SailorSat usermodes   223x240@50.000     296    315      15.7500 - -       4.662       16    25   32     24   39   12        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
===                       240x240 1:1       // Arduino-class TFTs (SPI, own controller), eg. 1.3", 1.54"; Apple iPod Nano 6G
a   SailorSat usermodes   240x240@57.000     320    276      15.7320 - -       5.034       16    32   32     12   18    6        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   240x240@57.445     320    274      15.7399 - -       5.037       16    32   32     12   16    6        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat 15kHz p     240x240@58.795     310    265      15.5806 - -       4.830       12    24   34      3    3   19        soft-15kHz, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   SailorSat 31kHz ds    240x240@58.795     310    265      31.1613 - - DS    9.660       12    24   34      3    3   19        soft-15kHz, 31kHz doublescan, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   arcade monitor        240x240@59.998     296    262      15.7196 - -       4.653        8    22   26      1    3   18        arcade/game modelines; fixed hsync freq arcade monitor
a   SailorSat usermodes   240x240@60.000     320    262      15.7200 - -       5.030       16    32   32      8   10    4        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat 31kHz dr    240x240@117.59     310    265      31.1613 - -       9.660       12    24   34      3    3   19        soft-15kHz, 31kHz doublerefresh, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   248x240@57.000     328    276      15.7320 - -       5.160       16    32   32     12   18    6        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   248x240@60.000     328    262      15.7200 - -       5.156       16    32   32      8   10    4        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
g   Nintendo PAL          256x240@50.004     341    312      15.6012 - -       5.320       13    25   47     30    3   39        arcade/game modelines; videogame, Nintendo NES native resolution (60Hz?)
g   Sega Mega Drive PAL   256x240@50.004     341    312      15.6012 - -       5.320       13    25   47     30    3   39        arcade/game modelines; videogame, Sega Mega Drive (Sega Genesis) (60Hz?)
a   SailorSat usermodes   256x240@57.000     344    276      15.7320 - -       5.412       16    40   32     12   18    6        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   256x240@57.410     344    274      15.7303 - -       5.411       16    40   32     12   16    6        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   256x240@58.000     344    272      15.7760 - -       5.427       16    40   32     10   17    5        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   256x240@59.186     344    266      15.7434 - -       5.416       16    40   32      8   14    4        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   arcade monitor        256x240@60.004     312    262      15.7212 - -       4.905        8    23   25      1    3   18        arcade/game modelines; fixed hsync freq arcade monitor
a   SailorSat usermodes   256x240@60.000     344    262      15.7200 - -       5.408       16    40   32      8   10    4        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
g   Nintendo NTSC         256x240@60.106     341    262      15.7478 - -       5.370       13    25   47      4    3   15        arcade/game modelines; videogame, Nintendo NES native resolution
g   Sega Mega Drive NTSC  256x240@60.106     341    262      15.7478 - -       5.370       18    25   42      4    3   15        arcade/game modelines; videogame, Sega Mega Drive (Sega Genesis)
g   TurboGrafx-16 NTSC    256x240@60.106     341    262      15.7478 - -       5.370       13    25   47      4    3   15        arcade/game modelines; videogame, TurboGrafx-16, PC-Engine, game console
a   SailorSat 15kHz p     256x240@60.436     336    261      15.7738 - -       5.300       16    24   40      4    3   14        soft-15kHz, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   SailorSat 31kHz ds    256x240@60.436     336    261      31.5476 - - DS   10.600       16    24   40      4    3   14        soft-15kHz, 31kHz doublescan, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   256x240@61.000     344    258      15.7380 - -       5.414       16    40   32      6    9    3        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat 31kHz dr    256x240@120.87     336    261      31.5476 - -      10.600       16    24   40      4    3   14        soft-15kHz, 31kHz doublerefresh, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   260x240@60.000     344    262      15.7200 - -       5.408       16    36   32      8   10    4        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   264x240@60.000     352    262      15.7200 - -       5.533       16    40   32      8   10    4        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   276x240@60.096     368    262      15.7452 - -       5.794       16    44   32      8   10    4        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   280x240@60.000     376    262      15.7200 - -       5.911       16    48   32      8   10    4        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   arcade monitor        288x240@60.0       352    262      15.7188 - -       5.533        8    26   30      1    3   18        arcade/game modelines; fixed hsync freq arcade monitor
a   SailorSat 15kHz p     288x240@59.885     368    265      15.8696 - -       5.840        8    32   40      3    3   19        soft-15kHz, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   SailorSat 31kHz ds    288x240@59.885     368    265      31.7391 - - DS   11.680        8    32   40      3    3   19        soft-15kHz, 31kHz doublescan, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   SailorSat 31kHz dr    288x240@119.77     368    265      31.7391 - -      11.680        8    32   40      3    3   19        soft-15kHz, 31kHz doublerefresh, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   292x240@60.096     392    262      15.7452 - -       6.172       16    52   32      8   10    4        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   arcade monitor        296x240@60.0       368    262      15.7201 - -       5.785        8    27   37      1    3   18        arcade/game modelines; fixed hsync freq arcade monitor
a   SailorSat 15kHz p     296x240@59.941     376    264      15.8245 - -       5.950        8    32   40      3    3   18        soft-15kHz, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   SailorSat 31kHz ds    296x240@59.941     376    264      31.6489 - - DS   11.900        8    32   40      3    3   18        soft-15kHz, 31kHz doublescan, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   296x240@60.000     392    262      15.7200 - -       6.162       16    48   32      8   10    4        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   304x240@60.000     408    262      15.7200 - -       6.414       16    56   32      8   10    4        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   319x240@58.000     424    272      15.7760 - -       6.689       16    57   32     10   17    5        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat 31kHz dr    296x240@119.88     376    264      31.6489 - -      11.900        8    32   40      3    3   18        soft-15kHz, 31kHz doublerefresh, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   arcade monitor        304x240@60.0       376    262      15.7207 - -       5.911        8    28   36      1    3   18        arcade/game modelines; fixed hsync freq arcade monitor
a   SailorSat 15kHz p     304x240@59.305     396    264      15.6566 - -       6.200       16    32   44      3    3   18        soft-15kHz, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   SailorSat 31kHz ds    304x240@59.305     396    264      31.3131 - - DS   12.400       16    32   44      3    3   18        soft-15kHz, 31kHz doublescan, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   SailorSat 31kHz dr    304x240@118.61     396    264      31.3131 - -      12.400       16    32   44      3    3   18        soft-15kHz, 31kHz doublerefresh, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
=====!                    320x240 4:3       // standard small image size; thermal camera sensor; ToF camera sensor
==  SDTV NTSC, CGA, QVGA  320x240p 4:3      // qvga (ffmpeg); PC industry standard; small devices, videogames; Arduino-class TFT LCDs (SPI), range of sizes eg. 2.2",2.8",3.2"; half VGA and 4:3 NTSC in each direction; also VGA, "Mode X"
==                                          // iPod Nano, Samsung i5500, LG Optimus L3-E400, Galaxy Fit, Y and Pocket, HTC Wildfire, Sony Ericsson Xperia X10 Mini and mini pro, Nintendo 3DS bottom screen; ISDB-T portable video; first YouTube resolution
g   Sega Mega Drive PAL   320x240@50         426    312      15.4930 - -       6.660       16    31   59     30    3   39        arcade/game modelines; videogame, Sega Mega Drive (Sega Genesis)
g   Nintendo 64 PAL       320x240@50         426    312      15.4930 - -       6.660       16    31   59     30    3   39        arcade/game modelines; videogame, Nintendo 64
a   Neo-Geo CPS1/2 PAL    320x240@50         426    312      15.4930 - -       6.660       16    31   59     30    3   39        arcade/game modelines; videogame, Neo-Gep CPS1 and CPS2 system boards
a   SailorSat 15kHz p     320x240@59.014     414    264      15.5797 - -       6.450       16    32   46      2    3   19        soft-15kHz, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   SailorSat 31kHz ds    320x240@59.014     414    264      31.1594 - - DS   12.900       16    32   46      2    3   19        soft-15kHz, 31kHz doublescan, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   SailorSat 15kHz p     336x240@59.749     433    264      15.7737 - -       6.830       16    32   49      3    3   18        soft-15kHz, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   320x240@54.878     424    287      15.7499 - -       6.678       16    56   32     16   23    8        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   320x240@56.000     424    281      15.7360 - -       6.672       16    56   32     14   20    7        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
ae  raspi                 320x240@56.437     405    280      15.8025 + +       6.400       20    30   35     12   12   16        4:3; [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   320x240@57.000     424    276      15.7320 - -       6.670       16    56   32     12   18    6        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   320x240@57.551     424    274      15.7689 - -       6.686       16    56   32     12   16    6        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   320x240@58.000     424    272      15.7760 - -       6.689       16    56   32     10   17    5        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   320x240@59.411     424    265      15.7438 - -       6.675       16    56   32      8   13    4        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   320x240@59.000     424    267      15.7530 - -       6.679       16    56   32      8   15    4        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
c   raspi                 320x240@59.925     400    267      16.0000 + +       6.400       16    30   34      2    3   22        4:3; pixel clock 1/3 19.2 MHz (below this must be integer div of this) [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   320x240@60.000     424    262      15.7200 - -       6.665       16    56   32      8   10    4        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
g   Sega Mega Drive NTSC  320x240@60         426    262      15.7277 - -       6.700       16    31   59      4    3   15        arcade/game modelines; videogame, Sega Mega Drive (Sega Genesis)
g   Nintendo 64 NTSC      320x240@60         426    262      15.7277 - -       6.700       16    31   59      4    3   15        arcade/game modelines; videogame, Nintendo 64
a   Neo-Geo CPS1/2 NTSC   320x240@60         426    262      15.7277 - -       6.700       16    31   59      4    3   15        arcade/game modelines; videogame, Neo-Gep CPS1 and CPS2 system boards
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)   320x240@60.067     400    262      31.4750 - - DS   12.590        8    48   24      5    1   16        from EDID
c   VGA NVIDIA            320x240@60.115     400    262      31.5000 - - DS   12.60         8    48   24      5    1   16        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
a   SailorSat usermodes   320x240@61.000     424    258      15.7380 - -       6.673       16    56   32      6    9    3        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
c   VGA NVIDIA            320x240@73         416    260      37.8606 - - DS   15.75        12    20   64      4    1   15        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
c   VGA NVIDIA            320x240@75         420    250      37.5    - - DS   15.75         8    32   60      0    2    8        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
c   VGA NVIDIA            320x240@85         416    254      43.2692 - - DS   18.00        28    28   40      0    2   12        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
c   raspi                 320x240@89.807     408    262      23.5294 + +       9.600       20    30   38      4    3   15        4:3; pixel clock 1/2 19.2 MHz (below this must be integer div of this) [ref]
a   SailorSat 31kHz dr    320x240@118.03     414    264      31.1594 - -      12.900       16    32   46      2    3   19        soft-15kHz, 31kHz doublerefresh, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
cf  Sun GDM20D10          320x240@137.471    584    442      60.7620 + +      35.485       64   160   40     82    3  117        nonstandard, may die soon [ref]
a   arcade monitor        321x240@60.0       392    262      15.7    - -       6.162        8    29   34      1    3   18        arcade/game modelines; fixed hsync freq arcade monitor
a   ArcadeVGA             321x240p@59.4      412    264              - -       6.460       15    32   44      2    3   19        ArcadeVGA modeline
====Atari                 336x240           // standard Atari resolution
a   SailorSat 31kHz ds    336x240@59.749     433    264      31.5473 - - DS   13.660       16    32   49      3    3   18        soft-15kHz, 31kHz doublescan, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
h   Atari standard res    336x240@59.930     456    262      15.7108           7.16        34    52   34      3   16    3        Atari standard-resolution monitor, calculated from timings [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   336x240@59.923     448    263      15.7597 - -       7.060       16    64   32      8   11    4        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   336x240@60.000     448    262      15.7200 - -       7.043       16    64   32      8   10    4        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   arcade monitor        336x240@60.0       416    262      15.7212 - -       6.540        8    31   41      1    3   18        arcade/game modelines; fixed hsync freq arcade monitor
a   SailorSat 31kHz dr    336x240@119.50     433    264      31.5473 - -      13.660       16    32   49      3    3   18        soft-15kHz, 31kHz doublerefresh, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
=====                     352x240 ~3:2      // common low-res security camera sensor resolution, CIF
==  CIF/SIF (525)         352x240           // 0.5x0.5 704x480; VideoCD/CD-i; NTSC-standard VCD, superlongplay DVDs; narrow pixels; VCD (MPEG-1), LDTV (e.g. DMB); NTSC CCTV digital video recorder mode
t   SDTV NTSC  SIF 525    352x240i@30
t   SDTV NTSC             352x240p
g   TurboGrafx-16 NTSC    352x240@60         469    262      15.7420 - -       7.383       18    34   65      4    3   15        arcade/game modelines; videogame, TurboGrafx-16, PC-Engine, game console
a   SailorSat usermodes   352x240@60.000     472    262      15.7200 - -       7.420       32    24   64      8   10    4        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   352x240@60.054     472    262      15.7343 - -       7.427       32    24   64      8   10    4        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
=== WQVGA                 360x240 3:2       // 0.5x0.5 720x480; NTSC CCTV digital video recorder mode
a   SailorSat usermodes   360x240@57.000     480    276      15.7320 - -       7.551       32    24   64     12   18    6        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   360x240@59.923     480    263      15.7597 - -       7.565       32    24   64      8   11    4        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   360x240@60.000     480    262      15.7200 - -       7.546       32    24   64      8   10    4        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat 15kHz p     368x240@59.196     478    264      15.6276 - -       7.470       16    40   54      3    3   18        soft-15kHz, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   SailorSat 31kHz ds    368x240@59.196     478    264      31.2552 - - DS   14.940       16    40   54      3    3   18        soft-15kHz, 31kHz doublescan, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   arcade monitor        368x240@60.0       456    262      15.7193 - -       7.168        8    34   46      1    3   18        arcade/game modelines; fixed hsync freq arcade monitor
a   SailorSat 31kHz dr    368x240@118.39     478    264      31.2552 - -      14.940       16    40   54      3    3   18        soft-15kHz, 31kHz doublerefresh, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
====WQVGA                 376x240           // iPod Nano 5G
=== WQVGA                 384x240 16:10     // doubles to 768x480
a   Neo-Geo CPS1/2 PAL    384x240@50         512    312      15.6250 - -       8.000       20    37   71     30    3   39        arcade/game modelines; videogame, Neo-Gep CPS1 and CPS2 system boards
a   SailorSat usermodes   384x240@57.430     512    274      15.7358 - -       8.057       32    32   64     12   16    6        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   384x240@57.500     512    274      15.7550 - -       8.067       32    32   64     12   16    6        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   384x240@57.551     512    274      15.7689 - -       8.074       32    32   64     12   16    6        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   384x240@60.000     512    262      15.7200 - -       8.049       32    32   64      8   10    4        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   Neo-Geo CPS1/2 NTSC   384x240@60         511    262      15.7339 - -       8.040       19    37   71      4    3   15        arcade/game modelines; videogame, Neo-Gep CPS1 and CPS2 system boards
a   SailorSat 15kHz p     392x240@59.898     504    265      15.8730 - -       8.000       16    40   56      3    3   19        soft-15kHz, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   SailorSat 31kHz ds    392x240@59.898     504    265      31.7460 - - DS   16.000       16    40   56      3    3   19        soft-15kHz, 31kHz doublescan, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   arcade monitor        392x240@60.0       480    262      15.7208 - -       7.546        8    35   45      1    3   18        arcade/game modelines; fixed hsync freq arcade monitor
a   SailorSat 31kHz dr    392x240@119.80     504    265      31.7460 - -      16.000       16    40   56      3    3   19        soft-15kHz, 31kHz doublerefresh, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
====WQVGA                 400x240 5:3       // Nintendo 3DS; Youtube max res for 240 lines; common on Windows Mobile 6 handsets
a   SailorSat usermodes   400x240@60.000     536    262      15.7200 - -       8.426       32    40   64      8   10    4        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
=== NTSC widescreen       426x240 16:9      // second resolution in early Youtube (first was 320x240), current youtube 240p mode
====WQVGA/WCIF            432x240 9:5       // early touchscreens; Hyundai MB 490i, Sony Ericsson Aino, Samsung Instinct, Apple iPod Nano 7G; some videoconferencing
a   arcade monitor        448x240@60.0       552    262      15.7192 - -       8.677        8    41   55      1    3   18        arcade/game modelines; fixed hsync freq arcade monitor
a   SailorSat 15kHz p     448x240@60.010     576    265      15.9028 - -       9.160       16    48   64      3    3   19        soft-15kHz, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   SailorSat 31kHz ds    448x240@60.010     576    265      31.8056 - - DS   18.320       16    48   64      3    3   19        soft-15kHz, 31kHz doublescan, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   SailorSat 31kHz dr    448x240@120.02     576    265      31.8056 - -      18.320       16    48   64      3    3   19        soft-15kHz, 31kHz doublerefresh, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
ae  raspi                 506x240@59.977     618    259      15.5340 + +       9.600        8    48   56      3   10    6        4:3; [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   512x240@45.086     680    349      15.7350 - -      10.700       32    72   64     36   55   18        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat 15kHz p     512x240@59.973     672    265      15.8929 - -      10.680       32    56   72      3    3   19        soft-15kHz, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   SailorSat 31kHz ds    512x240@59.973     672    265      31.7857 - - DS   21.360       32    56   72      3    3   19        soft-15kHz, 31kHz doublescan, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   arcade monitor        512x240@60.0       632    262      15.7199 - -       9.935        8    47   65      1    3   18        arcade/game modelines; fixed hsync freq arcade monitor
a   SailorSat usermodes   512x240@60.000     680    262      15.7200 - -      10.690       32    72   64      8   10    4        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
g   TurboGrafx-16 NTSC    512x240@60         683    262      15.7247 - -      10.740       26    50   95      4    3   15        arcade/game modelines; videogame, TurboGrafx-16, PC-Engine, game console
a   SailorSat 31kHz dr    512x240@119.95     672    265      31.7857 - -      21.360       32    56   72      3    3   19        soft-15kHz, 31kHz doublerefresh, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
=== HVGA 8:3              640x240 8:3       // some handheld PC devices
a   SailorSat usermodes   640x240@59.923     856    263      15.7597 - -      13.490       48    72   96      8   11    4        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   arcade TV NTSC        640x240@59.939     784    262      15.7041 - -      12.312       22    57   65      4    3   15        arcade/game modelines; EDTV progressive
a   SailorSat 15kHz p     640x240@59.960     832    265      15.8894 - -      13.220       32    64   96      3    3   19        soft-15kHz, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   SailorSat 31kHz ds    640x240@59.960     832    265      31.7788 - - DS   26.440       32    64   96      3    3   19        soft-15kHz, 31kHz doublescan, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   arcade monitor        640x240@59.998     784    262      15.7194 - -      12.324        8    58   78      1    3   18        arcade/game modelines; fixed hsync freq arcade monitor
a   SailorSat usermodes   640x240@60.000     856    262      15.7200 - -      13.456       48    72   96      8   10    4        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat 31kHz dr    640x240@119.92     832    265      31.7788 - -      26.440       32    64   96      3    3   19        soft-15kHz, 31kHz doublerefresh, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   672x240@59.923     896    263      15.7597 - -      14.121       48    80   96      8   11    4        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
==  half-D1 (NTSC)        720x240           // 1x0.5 720x480; noninterlaced variant for 480i; NTSC CCTV digital video recorder mode
a   arcade TV NTSC        720x240@60         880    262              - -      13.820       24    65   71      4    3   15        arcade/game modelines; EDTV progressive
====0.19M6                800x240 10:3      // Nintendo 3DS (upper screen in 3D mode: 2x 400x240 5:3, one for each eye)
S   VIC=8 240p           1440x240@59.826    1716  262.5      15.734           27.000                                             4:3  (pixel=4:9); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=8
S   VIC=9 240pH          1440x240@59.826    1716  262.5      15.734           27.000                                             16:9 (pixel=16:27); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=9
ae  raspi NES            1920x240@50.018    2592    312      15.6057 + +      40.450      158   200  314     23    6   43        4:3; [ref]
ae  raspi Sega           1920x240@59.924    2400    262      15.7000 + +      37.680       48   192  240      3    3   16        4:3; Megadrive/Genesis/Master System; [ref]
ae  raspi Playstation    1920x240@60.005    2599    262      15.7214 + +      40.860      152   247  280      1    7   14        4:3; [ref]
ae  raspi 240p@60        1920x240@60.005    2599    262      15.7214 + +      40.860      152   247  280      3    7   12        4:3; [ref]
ae  raspi NES            1920x240@60.110    2564    262      15.7488 + +      40.380      158   200  286      1    8   13        4:3; [ref]
d   TV over VGA          2560x240@60        3080    262      15.7201 - -      48.418       72   232  216      6    8    8        stretched aspect ratio, works for MAME; Intel HD Graphic card, laptop onboard [ref]
a   GroovyMAME           2560x240@60.004    3328    261      15.6611 - -      52.120      104   248  416      2    3   16        GroovyMAME arcade emulator
S   VIC=35 480p4x        2880x240@59.94     3432  262.5      31.469          108.000                                             pixel quadrupling; 4:3 (pixel=2:9,4:9,8:9); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=35
S   VIC=36 480p4xH       2880x240@59.94     3432  262.5      31.469          108.000                                             pixel quadrupling; 16:9 (pixel=8:27,16:27,32:27); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=36
S   VIC=12 240p4x        2880x240@60        3432  262.5      15.734           54.000                                             pixel quadrupling; 4:3 (pixel=1:9-10:9); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=12
S   VIC=13 240p4xH       2880x240@60        3432  262.5      15.734           54.000                                             pixel quadrupling; 16:9 (pixel=4:27-40:27); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=13
====                      288x243           // NTSC video authoring, "multicam"
====                      352x243           // 0.5x0.5 704x468; NTSC video authoring
====                      720x243           //   1x0.5 720x468; NTSC video authoring
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)   432x243@59.570     512    250      29.7852 + - DS   15.250       24    16   40      1    3    3        from EDID
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)   432x243@59.915     536    253      30.3172 - + DS   16.250       12    40   52      1    3    6        from EDID
ae  raspi                 512x244@60.015     620    258      15.4839 + +       9.600       22    32   54      3    5    6        4:3; [ref]
ae  raspi 6.4MHz p        336x252@50.031     410    312      15.6098 + +       6.400       10    30   34     15    3   42        4:3; 6.4MHz progressive; [ref]
ae  raspi Amiga PAL       320x256@49.956     408    314      15.6863 + +       6.400       14    46   28     17   32    9        4:3; Amiga (PAL); [ref]
ae  raspi                1068x256@60.006    1212    264      15.8416 + +      19.200       10    62   72      2    4    2        4:3; [ref]
ae  raspi                 512x320@45.455     640    330      15.0000 + +       9.600       16    48   64      5    5    0        4:3; flickering stressfull for eyes; [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   360x245@57.000     480    276      15.7320 - -       7.551       32    24   64     10   16    5        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   240x248@60.000     320    262      15.7200 - -       5.030       16    32   32      4    8    2        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   376x248@59.39      504    265      15.7383 - -       7.932       32    32   64      6    8    3        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   384x248@55.000     512    286      15.7300 - -       8.054       32    32   64     12   20    6        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   GroovyMAME           2560x248@60.000    3360    269      16.1399 - -      54.230      112   256  432      2    3   16        GroovyMAME arcade emulator
======                    328x250 ~4:3      // CMOS image sensor, raw size of 320x240
====                      480x250 4:3/48:25 // Teletext and Viewdata 40×25 character screens (PAL non-interlaced)
ae  raspi 224p@58.97     1920x250@56.842    2470    276      15.6883 + +      38.750       50   250  250      8   10    8        4:3; [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   240x252@56.738     320    278      15.7731 - -       5.047       16    32   32      8   14    4        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
ae  raspi 6.4MHz p        336x252@50.031     410    312      15.6098 + +       6.400       10    30   34     15    3   42        4:3; 6.4MHz progressive; [ref]
ae  raspi 254p@53        1920x254@53.205    2600    294      15.6423 + +      40.670      100   320  260      1    3   36        4:3; [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   319x255@61.035     424    258      15.7471 - -       6.677       16    57   32      0    3    0        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
====                      160x256 4:3       // Acorn BBC 20-column modes
a   SailorSat usermodes   240x256@56.75      320    278      15.7765 - -       5.048       16    32   32      8   10    4        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   240x256@60.000     320    262      15.7200 - -       5.030       16    32   32      2    3    1        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   248x256@57.000     328    276      15.7320 - -       5.160       16    32   32      6   11    3        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
====                      256x256 1:1       // Electronika BK (PDP-11 compatible Soviet home computer, also 512x256)
a   SailorSat usermodes   256x256@54.744     344    288      15.7664 - -       5.424       16    40   32     10   17    5        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   256x256@55.000     344    286      15.7300 - -       5.411       16    40   32     10   15    5        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   256x256@56.308     344    280      15.7664 - -       5.424       16    40   32      8   12    4        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   256x256@57.000     344    276      15.7320 - -       5.412       16    40   32      6   11    3        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   arcade monitor        256x256@59.091     320    275      16.2500 - -       5.200        8    24   32      1    3   15        arcade/game modelines; fixed hsync freq arcade monitor
a   SailorSat 15kHz p     256x256@59.496     330    273      16.2424 - -       5.360       12    24   38      1    3   13        soft-15kHz, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   SailorSat 31kHz ds    256x256@59.496     330    273      32.4848 - - DS   10.720       12    24   38      1    3   13        soft-15kHz, 31kHz doublescan, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   arcade monitor        256x256@59.996     330    278      16.6788 - -       5.504       12    24   38      1    3   18        arcade/game modelines; fixed hsync freq arcade monitor, visible-retrace fix
a   SailorSat usermodes   256x256@59.997     344    263      15.7792 - -       5.428       16    40   32      2    4    1        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   256x256@60.000     344    262      15.7200 - -       5.408       16    40   32      2    3    1        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   256x256@76.294     344    328      25.0244 - -       8.608       16    40   32     24   36   12        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat 31kHz dr    256x256@118.99     330    273      32.4848 - -      10.720       12    24   38      1    3   13        soft-15kHz, 31kHz doublerefresh, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   304x256@59.000     408    267      15.7530 - -       6.427       16    56   32      4    5    2        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   304x256@60.000     408    262      15.7200 - -       6.414       16    56   32      2    3    1        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
===                       320x256p 5:4      // TV-as-monitor, high-end; BBC Master 512 (4-color), Acorn BBC 40 column modes, Amiga OCS PAL Lowres; some advertising LED screens
g   Amiga (PAL)           320x256@49.956     408    314      15.6863 + +       6.400       14    46   28     17   32    9        4:3; Amiga (PAL); [ref]
ae  raspi Amiga PAL       320x256@49.956     408    314      15.6863 + +       6.400       14    46   28     17   32    9        4:3; Amiga (PAL); [ref]
a   arcade monitor        320x256@59.100     400    275      16.2525 - -       6.501        8    31   41      1    3   15        arcade/game modelines; fixed hsync freq arcade monitor
a   SailorSat 15kHz p     320x256@59.917     416    268      16.0577 - -       6.680       20    32   44      1    3    8        soft-15kHz, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   SailorSat 31kHz ds    320x256@59.917     416    268      32.1154 - - DS   13.360       20    32   44      1    3    8        soft-15kHz, 31kHz doublescan, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   320x256@60.000     424    262      15.7200 - -       6.665       16    56   32      2    3    1        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat 31kHz dr    320x256@119.83     416    268      32.1154 - -      13.360       20    32   44      1    3    8        soft-15kHz, 31kHz doublerefresh, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   arcade monitor        321x256@59.992     416    278      16.6779 - -       6.938       19    32   44      1    3   18        arcade/game modelines; fixed hsync freq arcade monitor, visible-retrace fix
======                    336x256 ~4:3      // thermal camera sensor
a   SailorSat usermodes   336x256@60.000     448    262      15.7200 - -       7.043       16    64   32      2    3    1        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   arcade monitor        352x256@59.099     440    275      16.2523 - -       7.151        8    34   46      1    3   15        arcade/game modelines; fixed hsync freq arcade monitor
a   SailorSat 15kHz p     352x256@59.697     450    271      16.1778 - -       7.280       16    32   50      1    3   11        soft-15kHz, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   SailorSat 31kHz ds    352x256@59.697     450    271      32.3556 - - DS   14.560       16    32   50      1    3   11        soft-15kHz, 31kHz doublescan, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   arcade monitor        352x256@60.000     450    278      16.6800 - -       7.506       16    32   50      1    3   18        arcade/game modelines; fixed hsync freq arcade monitor, visible-retrace fix
a   SailorSat 31kHz dr    352x256@119.39     450    271      32.3556 - -      14.560       16    32   50      1    3   11        soft-15kHz, 31kHz doublerefresh, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
====                      384x256 3:2       // some advertising LED screens
a   SailorSat usermodes   384x256@55.018     512    286      15.7350 - -       8.056       32    32   64     10   15    5        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   384x256@55.000     512    286      15.7300 - -       8.054       32    32   64     10   15    5        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   384x256@60.107     512    262      15.7480 - -       8.063       32    32   64      2    3    1        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   384x256@60.000     512    262      15.7200 - -       8.049       32    32   64      2    3    1        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat 15kHz p     400x256@52.419     519    297      15.5684 - -       8.080       16    40   63     12    3   26        soft-15kHz, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   SailorSat 31kHz ds    400x256@52.419     519    297      31.1368 - - DS   16.160       16    40   63     12    3   26        soft-15kHz, 31kHz doublescan, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   arcade monitor        400x256@53.003     496    297      15.7419 - -       7.808        8    37   51     11    3   27        arcade/game modelines; fixed hsync freq arcade monitor
a   SailorSat 31kHz dr    400x256@104.84     519    297      31.1368 - -      16.160       16    40   63     12    3   26        soft-15kHz, 31kHz doublerefresh, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
====                      480x256 15:8      // some advertising LED screens
====                      512x256 2:1       // Electronika BK (PDP-11 compatible Soviet home computer, also 256x256), Polyplay (east Germany arcade cabinet)
a   SailorSat usermodes   512x256@55.000     680    286      15.7300 - -      10.696       32    72   64     10   15    5        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   512x256@60.000     680    262      15.7200 - -      10.690       32    72   64      2    3    1        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
===                       640x256           // 640x256p; a common PAL hires on Commodore Amiga OCS, "pal"; Amiga resolution, ECS (2bpp)/AGA (8bpp) chipsets, "dblpal"; Apricot F1/FP, BBC Master 512 (b/w), Acorn BBC 80 column modes
a   SailorSat 15kHz cust  640x256@59.962     832    268      16.0697 - -      13.370       32    64   96      1    3    8        soft-15kHz, 15kHz custom, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
ae  raspi                1068x256@60.006    1212    264      15.8416 + +      19.200       10    62   72      2    4    2        4:3; [ref]
a   GroovyMAME           2560x256@58.482    3360    277      16.1994 - -      54.430      112   256  432      2    3   16        GroovyMAME arcade emulator
ae  raspi 240p@55.72     1920x260@55.730    2470    277      15.4372 + +      38.130       50   250  250      4    5    8        4:3; [ref]
ae  raspi Amiga          1920x262@50.125    2626    313      15.6893 + +      41.200      180   192  334     14   15   22        4:3; [ref]
a   arcade monitor        256x264@58.002     320    280      16.2406 - -       5.197        8    24   32      1    3   12        arcade/game modelines; fixed hsync freq arcade monitor
a   SailorSat 15kHz p     256x264@58.317     330    278      16.2121 - -       5.350       12    24   38      1    3   10        soft-15kHz, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   SailorSat 31kHz ds    256x264@58.317     330    278      32.4242 - - DS   10.700       12    24   38      1    3   10        soft-15kHz, 31kHz doublescan, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   arcade monitor        256x264@58.995     330    284      16.7545 - -       5.529       12    24   38      1    3   16        arcade/game modelines; fixed hsync freq arcade monitor, visible-retrace fix
a   SailorSat 31kHz dr    256x264@116.63     330    278      32.4242 - -      10.700       12    24   38      1    3   10        soft-15kHz, 31kHz doublerefresh, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   SailorSat 15kHz p     352x264@57.257     452    284      16.2611 - -       7.350       13    40   47      1    3   16        soft-15kHz, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   SailorSat 31kHz ds    352x264@57.257     452    284      32.5221 - - DS   14.700       13    40   47      1    3   16        soft-15kHz, 31kHz doublescan, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   arcade monitor        352x264@58.003     440    280      16.2409 - -       7.146        8    34   46      1    3   12        arcade/game modelines; fixed hsync freq arcade monitor
a   arcade monitor        352x264@59.002     452    284      16.7566 - -       7.574       13    40   47      1    3   16        arcade/game modelines; fixed hsync freq arcade monitor, visible-retrace fix
a   SailorSat 31kHz dr    352x264@114.51     452    284      32.5221 - -      14.700       13    40   47      1    3   16        soft-15kHz, 31kHz doublerefresh, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   SailorSat 15kHz p     632x264@56.751     824    278      15.7767 - -      13.000       32    64   96      1    3   10        soft-15kHz, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   SailorSat 31kHz ds    632x264@56.751     824    278      31.5534 - - DS   26.000       32    64   96      1    3   10        soft-15kHz, 31kHz doublescan, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   arcade monitor        632x264@57.001     784    283      16.1314 - -      12.647        8    59   85      1    3   15        arcade/game modelines; fixed hsync freq arcade monitor
a   arcade monitor        632x264@59.00+     824    284      16.7561 - -      13.807       32    64   96      1    3   16        arcade/game modelines; fixed hsync freq arcade monitor, visible-retrace fix
a   SailorSat 31kHz dr    632x264@113.50     824    278      31.5534 - -      26.000       32    64   96      1    3   10        soft-15kHz, 31kHz doublerefresh, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   GroovyMAME           2560x264@56.84     3360    285      16.1994 - -      54.430      112   256  432      2    3   16        GroovyMAME arcade emulator
====                      400x270 ~3:2      // TurboExpress, late 1990 handheld videogame console
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)   480x270@59.802     560    278      33.2500 + - DS   18.620       24    16   40      1    3    4        from EDID
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)   480x270@59.644     608    281      33.5197 - + DS   20.380       16    48   64      1    3    7        from EDID
=== WQVGA/HVGA            480x272 ~16:9     // Arduino TFTs (SPI, own controller), eg. 4.3"; 1% narrower than 16:9; common on small video players, Sony UMD PSP, Zune HD, Neo Geo X; variant of 288p
e   DPI LTE430WQ          480x272@59.933     533    288      17.261  - -       9.2000       8    41    4      4   10    2        Samsung LTE430WQ-F0C parallel/DPI panel; de-active=1, pixelclk-active=1; [ref]
a   GroovyMAME           2560x272@55.288    3360    293      16.1994 - -      54.430      112   256  432      2    3   16        GroovyMAME arcade emulator
a   GroovyMAME           2560x280@53.819    3360    301      16.1994 - -      54.430      112   256  432      2    3   16        GroovyMAME arcade emulator
==L                       288p              // 625-line, PAL; variant of 576i, each frame sent twice unchanged; see 240p for NTSC; CIF/SIF (625) common early videogame format
====                      288x288           // PAL video authoring, "multicam"
=====!                    352x288           // standard small image size
==  SIF 625               352x288i@25       // cif (ffmpeg); VCD (MPEG-1), LDTV (e.g. DMB); ISDB-T portable video; DVD recorder EP quality
==  CIF/FCIF              352x288 4:3/11:9  // CCITT/ITU H.261 standard; "full CIF", Common Image Format; PAL; VideoCD/CD-i; videoconferencing, H.261, H.263; doubles to 704 pixels, 576 lines
a   arcade monitor        352x288@49.997     432    314      15.6991 - -       6.782        8    32   40      3    3   20        arcade/game modelines; fixed hsync freq arcade monitor
a   SailorSat 15kHz p     352x288@51.116     464    312      15.9483 - -       7.400       16    40   56      1    3   20        soft-15kHz, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   SailorSat 31kHz ds    352x288@51.116     464    312      31.8966 - - DS   14.800       16    40   56      1    3   20        soft-15kHz, 31kHz doublescan, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   SailorSat 31kHz dr    352x288@102.23     464    312      31.8966 - -      14.800       16    40   56      1    3   20        soft-15kHz, 31kHz doublerefresh, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
====CIF                   360x288           // 0.5x0.5 720x576, 0.5x1 720x288; PAL CCTV digital video recorder mode
==  CIF/FCIF              384x288 4:3       // 0.5x0.5 768x576 lines; less common flavor of CIF
a   arcade monitor        384x288@49.997     472    314      15.6992 - -       7.410        8    35   45      3    3   20        arcade/game modelines; fixed hsync freq arcade monitor
a   SailorSat 15kHz p     384x288@51.219     496    309      15.8266 - -       7.850       16    40   56      1    3   17        soft-15kHz, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   SailorSat 31kHz ds    384x288@51.219     496    309      31.6532 - - DS   15.700       16    40   56      1    3   17        soft-15kHz, 31kHz doublescan, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   SailorSat 31kHz dr    384x288@102.44     496    309      31.6532 - -      15.700       16    40   56      1    3   17        soft-15kHz, 31kHz doublerefresh, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
ae  raspi EmulationStat.  450x288@48.178     615    324      15.6098 + +       9.600       50    30   85     10    1   25        4:3; EmulationStation [ref]
====Atari                 512x288           // Atari extended-resolution monitors
ae  raspi                 512x288@49.669     640    302      15.0000 + +       9.600       16    48   64      3    5    6        4:3; [ref]
a   arcade monitor        512x288@49.998     632    314      15.6994 - -       9.922        8    47   65      3    3   20        arcade/game modelines; fixed hsync freq arcade monitor
a   SailorSat 15kHz p     512x288@50.939     672    312      15.8929 - -      10.680       32    56   72      1    3   20        soft-15kHz, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   SailorSat 31kHz ds    512x288@50.939     672    312      31.7857 - - DS   21.360       32    56   72      1    3   20        soft-15kHz, 31kHz doublescan, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
h   Atari extended res    512x288@52.939     646    312      16.5170          10.67        42    85    7      3   17    4        Atari extended-resolution monitor, calculated from timings [ref]
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)   512x288@59.921     592    296      35.4730 + - DS   21.000       24    16   40      1    3    4        from EDID
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)   512x288@60.00+     648    299      35.8796 - + DS   23.250       20    48   68      1    3    7        from EDID
a   SailorSat usermodes   512x288@60.311     680    415      25.0291 - -      17.020       32    72   64     42   64   21        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat 31kHz dr    512x288@101.88     672    312      31.7857 - -      21.360       32    56   72      1    3   20        soft-15kHz, 31kHz doublerefresh, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
====                      576x288 2:1       // some advertising LED screens
a   arcade monitor        640x288@50.001     784    314      15.7003 - -      12.309        8    58   78      3    3   20        arcade/game modelines; fixed hsync freq arcade monitor
a   SailorSat 15kHz p     640x288@50.955     832    309      15.7452 - -      13.100       32    64   96      1    3   17        soft-15kHz, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   SailorSat 31kHz ds    640x288@50.955     832    309      31.4904 - - DS   26.200       32    64   96      1    3   17        soft-15kHz, 31kHz doublescan, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   SailorSat 31kHz dr    640x288@101.91     832    309      31.4904 - -      26.200       32    64   96      1    3   17        soft-15kHz, 31kHz doublerefresh, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   arcade monitor        648x288@50.0       800    314      15.7    - -      12.560        8    59   85      3    3   20        arcade/game modelines; fixed hsync freq arcade monitor
====                      688x288           // common videofile 2.35:1 resolution
==  HALF D1 (PAL)         720x288           // 1x0.5 720x576; PAL CCTV digital video recorder mode
a   arcade TV PAL         720x288@50.001     888    312      15.6002 - -      13.853       21    65   82      2    3   19        arcade/game modelines; EDTV progressive
====                      768x288           // 384x288, 2x pixels
a   arcade TV PAL         768x288@49.999     944    312      15.600+ - -      14.726       22    69   85      2    3   19        arcade/game modelines; EDTV progressive
====                      896x288 28:9      // some advertising LED screens (Blip)
ae  raspi                1010x288@50.033    1250    307      15.3600 + +      19.200       24    96  120      3   10    6        4:3; [ref]
====                     1024x288 32:9      // some advertising LED screens (Blip)
====                     1440x288           // 720x288, 2x pixels
S   VIC=23 288p          1440x288@50        1728    313      15.625           27.000                                             4:3  (pixel=8:15); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=23
S   VIC=24 288pH         1440x288@50        1728    313      15.625           27.000                                             16:9 (pixel=32:45); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=24
====                     1920x288           // 320x288, 6x pixels
ae  raspi Sega           1920x288@49.707    2400    313      15.5583 + +      37.340       48   192  240      6    3   16        4:3; Megadrive/Genesis/Master System; [ref]
ae  raspi Playstation    1920x288@50.009    2579    312      15.6029 + +      40.240      132   247  280      3    3   18        4:3; [ref]
ae  raspi 256p@55        1920x288@55.001    2600    293      16.1154 + +      41.900      100   320  260      1    3    1        4:3; [ref]
====                     2560x288           // 640x288, 4x pixels
a   GroovyMAME           2560x288@52.425    3360    309      16.1994 - -      54.430      112   256  432      2    3   16        GroovyMAME arcade emulator
====                     2880x288           // 720x288, 4x pixels
S   VIC=27 288p4x        2880x288@50        3456    313      15.625           54.000                                             pixel quadrupling; 4:3 (pixel=1:15-10:15); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=27
S   VIC=28 288p4xH       2880x288@50        3456    313      15.625           54.000                                             pixel quadrupling; 16:9 (pixel=8:45-80:45); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=28
====QSVGA                 400x300 4:3       // small LCD displays; small eink displays, 4.2"; quarter SVGA 800x600; selectable in some PC shooters
c   VGA NVIDIA            400x300@56         512    312      35.1562 + + DS   18.00        12    36   64      0    1   11        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)   400x300@56.340     512    312      35.1562 + + DS   18.000       12    36   64      0    1   11        from EDID
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)   400x300@60.317     528    314      37.8788 + + DS   20.000       20    64   44      0    2   12        from EDID
c   VGA NVIDIA            400x300@60         528    314      37.8788 + + DS   20.00        20    64   44      0    2   12        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
c   VGA NVIDIA            400x300@72         520    333      48.0769 + + DS   25.00        28    60   32     18    3   12        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
c   VGA NVIDIA            400x300@75         528    312      46.875  + + DS   24.75         8    40   80      0    2   10        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
c   VGA NVIDIA            400x300@85         524    315      53.7214 + + DS   28.15        16    32   76      0    2   13        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
====Amiga                 800x300           // Amiga resolution, ECS (2bpp)/AGA (8bpp) chipsets, "super72"; Wang Professional Computer, 1bpp
====                      720x304           // 2.35:1 videofile resolution
c   VGA NVIDIA            416x312@75         576    333      49.7222 - -      28.64        16    32  112      0    2   19        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
====                      320x320 1:1       // Palm (PDA) HiRes, Samsung Galaxy Gear
=====!                    480x320 3:2       // standard small image size
=== HVGA 3:2              480x320 3:2       // Arduino-class TFT LCDs (SPI); many early cellphones, first 3 gens of iPod Touch, iPhone; Sony PSP; Texas Instruments picoprojector; Palm Tungsten T3, Apple iPhone, HTC Dream, Palm (PDA) HiRES+
e   RGB HX8357            480x320@48.01      554    376              - -      10.0000      60     8    6     40   12    4        den_pol=0, dclk_pol=0, LVDS_8BIT_1, OUT_P666; [ref]
ae  raspi                 512x320@45.455     640    330      15.0000 + +       9.600       16    48   64      5    5    0        4:3; flickering stressfull for eyes; [ref]
====0.2M2:1               640x320 2:1       // Nokia Series 90 smartphones (7700, 7710)
====                      720x334           // Orchid Graphics Adapter, very early PC monochromegraphics card
====                     1056x336           // text 132x28 (8x12)
====                     1188x336           // text 132x28 (9x12)
====                      272x340 4:5       // Apple Watch 38mm
=== Mac Mono              512x342 3:2       // 1st-gen Apple Mac - MAC CL, MAC SE, 9"; TTL signals
cf  Macintosh Classic     512x342@60.147     704    370      22.2545 - -      15.6672      14   288 -110      0    4   24        TTL hsync,vsync,data; data must be H when inactive [ref] [ref] [ref]
cf  Macintosh Classic     512x342@60.147     704    370      22.2545 - -      15.6672      14   178    0      0    4   24        hsync hanging into video can be apparently ignored; TTL hsync,vsync,data; data must be H when inactive [ref]
====                      696x344 ~2:1      // some advertising LED screens (Blip)
====                     1056x344           // text 132x43 (8x8)
====                     1188x344           // text 132x43 (9x8)
====                      800x345 ~21:9     // smartphones, LG New Chocolate BL40 4"
======                    464x348 4:3       // thermal camera sensor
====                      640x348           // text 80x43 (char 8x8)
====HGC                   720x348           // text 80x25 (char 9x14), 90x29 (8x12), 90x43 (8x8)
=== HGC                   720x348           // Hercules Graphics Card, graphics mode; introduced in 1982, sharp monochrome; 64kB RAM, 16.000 MHz xtal; emulates MDA, can exist alongside VGA/EGA cards for dual screen
===                                         // 18.141 kHz/49.84 Hz textmode, 18.519 kHz/50.32 Hz in graphics; pixel ratio 1:1.55 on 4:3 monitor; 80x25 text with 7x11 chars padded to 9x14
Ch  Hercules original     720x348@50.322     864    368                       16.000                                             calculated from crystal and parameters
ch  Hercules              720x348@42.099     784    356      14.9872          11.750        8    24   32      0    0    8        for old Hercules Mono cards, 3.1.1 XFree server [ref]
ch  Hercules              720x348@59.94      800    525      31.4688          25.175      -48    96   32    142    2   33        for old Hercules Mono cards, 3.1.1 XFree server [ref]; line 720 but frontporch starts on 672???
====EGA                   320x350           // text 40x25 (char 8x14)
====                      360x350           // IBM 3270 PC, 4-color; IBM 3270 PC, b/w
====EGA                   640x350           // text modes 80x25 (8x14 char), 80x43 (8x8 chars, 640x344)
==  EGA                   640x350p          // ega (ffmpeg); 4bpp; EGA adapters have 16.257 MHz pixclock, 21.850 kHz, 60 Hz, +horz, TTL video, -vert, pixel 1:1.37; VGA 1, 31.5 kHz, 70 Hz; HP 12", 25.5 kHz, 60 Hz
Ch  EGA mode 2 ("hires")  640x350@60.030     744    364      21.850  + -      16.257       40    80   24          13             see also 640x200, EGA mode 1; pixel 1:1.37 on 4:3 screen
c   VGA                   640x350@70                                                                                             EGA compatible on VGA display
C   VGA                   640x350@70.086     800    449      31.4688 + -      25.175       16    96   48     37    2   60        [ref]
c   VGA NVIDIA            640x350@85         832    445      37.8606 + -      31.50        32    64   96     32    3   60        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
c   VGA VESA              640x350@85         832    445      37.9    + -      31.5         32    64   96     32    3   60        MHi modelines table
C   VESA                  640x350@85.080     832    445      37.8606 + -      31.50        32    64   96     32    3   60        MythTV modelines, VESA ModePool; [ref]
S   DMT (v4l2)            640x350@85.08      832    445      37.8606 + -      31.500       32    64   96     32    3   60        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_640X350P85
S   DMT v1.0 r11          640x350@85.08      832    445      37.8606 + -      31.500       32    64   96     32    3   60        
====                      720x350           // text 80x25 (9x14 char)
==  MDA                   720x350 4:3       // Monochrome Display Adapter, original standard of IBM PC/XT with 4kB video RAM (80x25 text-mode only with bright/underlined/blink/reverse, PC mode 7, characters 7x11 padded to 9x14); Orchid Graphics Adapter (1982); Hercules in text mode
===                                         // 16.257MHz crystal, 18.432 kHz/49.82 Hz freq (cf. 18.432 kHz/49.82 Hz for Hercules text), TTL video
Ch  MDA                   720x350@49.951     882    369      18.4320          16.257        9   135   18      1   16    2        [ref]
Ch  Hercules              720x350@49.951     882    369      18.4320 + -      16.257        9   135   18      1   16    2        [ref]
Ch  Hercules text         720x350@49.837     882    364?                      16.000                                             calculated from crystal and parameters
cf  IBM 5151 monitor      720x350@50.087     882    368      18.4320 + -      16.257       16   130   16      1   16    1        can be killed with wrong hsync (smokes flyback), too long vsync (overheats transistors); theoretical [ref]
c   VGA                   720x350@70         900    449                       28.322       18   108   54     36    2             MHi "nonstandard standard" table (+6 to active width, -3 each to front/back porch); IBM Monochrome Display Adapter
====                      792x350           // text 132x25 (char 6x14)
====                      792x350           // text 132x28 (char 6x13)
====                     1056x350           // text 132x25 (8x14)
====                     1188x350           // text 132x50 (9x14)
====0.15M13:11            416x352 13:11     // Nokia Series 60 smartphones (E60, E70, N80, N90)
====                      624x352           // 640x360 nHD encoding alternative for digital video, only one padded line stored but does not scale so well to HD
====                      640x352           // common videofile 16:9 resolution
====                      720x352           // text 80x25 (9x11 char), 80x44 (9x8)
====0.28M2.273            800x352 25:11     // Nokia E90 Communicator
====                     1056x352           // text 132x44 (8x8)
====                     1188x352           // text 132x44 (9x8)
=====!                    480x360 4:3       // standard small image size; camera sensors; thermal imagers
=== HVGA 4:3, "360p"      480x360 4:3       // 360p; uncommon, early low-mid smartphones, intermediate res for 1990's videogames
=====!                    640x360 16:9      // standard image size
==  nHD, "wide 360p"      640x360 16:9      // 1/9 of 1080p fullHD, 1/4 of 720p HD; not an even multiple of 16x16 macroblock, decoded to 640x368 and cropped; Youtube base resolution, "360p"
==                                          // video-on-demand base SD standard; ad-hoc standard for intermediate-quality/CDR-sized MPEG4 files on P2P networks
==                                          // Nokia 5800, Nokia 5530, Nokia X6, Nokia N97, Nokia N8
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)   640x360@59.325     800    374      22.1875 + -      17.750       48    32   80      3    5    6        from EDID
c   CVT 0.23M9-R          640x360@59.320     800    374      22.19   + -      17.750       48    32   80      3    5    6        x86 extramodes
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)   640x360@59.835     720    370      44.2778 + - DS   31.880       24    16   40      1    3    6        from EDID
c   CVT 0.23M9            640x360@59.840     800    376      22.50   - +      18.000       24    56   80      3    5    8        x86 extramodes
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)   640x360@59.840     800    376      22.5000 - +      18.000       24    56   80      3    5    8        from EDID
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)   640x360@59.855     832    374      44.7716 - + DS   37.250       32    64   96      1    3   10        from EDID
====HGC                   720x360           // text 90x45 (char 8x8); some cellphones
====                      760x360
====                      780x360
====0.26M3               720x364 4:3       // Apple Lisa
====                     1056x364           // text 132x28 (8x13)
====                     1188x364           // text 132x28 (9x13)
======                    464x368 ~5:4      // thermal camera sensor
==L 375-line              375/?             // historical tv, Germany
====                      667x375
=== 377i                  664x377i@25 5:4   // 405-line TV, two channels; video+audio on 45.0/41.5 MHz or 62.25/58.75 MHz
H   old TV, 405-line      664x377i@25        800    405      10.1    - -       8.100        8    82   46      1   12   15        old British 405-line TV; [ref]
H   old TV, 405-line      664x377i@25        800    405      10.1    - -       8.100       16    72   48      1    7   20        old British 405-line TV; [ref]
H   405-line, another     664x376i@25.062    800    404      10.1250 - -       8.100       16    72   48      2    6   20        [ref]
==L 383i                  441/50i           // historical tv, USA; 441-line television system
H   441-line tv, "383i"   ?x383                ?    441      11.025                       1us   9us  6.3us
a   SailorSat usermodes   488x384@58.000     648    431      24.9980 - -      16.199       32    64   64     16   23    8        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat user mode   496x384@57.524     656    424      24.3902 - -      16.000       45    69   46      7   25    8        soft-15kHz, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   496x384@58.000     664    431      24.9980 - -      16.599       32    72   64     16   23    8        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat 15kHz cust  496x384i@30.002    672    527      15.8110 - -      10.625       30    64   82     21   35   87        soft-15kHz, 15kHz custom, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   SailorSat 25kHz p     496x384@60.000     620    416      24.9600 - -      15.475       12    62   50      2    5   25        soft-15kHz, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   496x384@60.000     664    417      25.0200 - -      16.613       32    72   64     12   15    6        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   508x384@59.952     680    417      25.0000 - -      17.000       32    76   64     12   15    6        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
=== Apple Mac II          512x384 4:3       // 1/4 of later XGA; Apple Mac II (24.5 kHz, 60 Hz); Macintosh LC (12")/Color Classic (also selectable in many PC shooters); very common videofile resolution for 4:3
=== Atari                                   // Atari medium-resolution and VGA20 monitors
a   SailorSat 25kHz p     512x384@59.959     600    410      24.5833 - -      14.750        8    48   32      4    3   19        soft-15kHz, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   arcade monitor        512x384@60.00+     624    416      24.9599 - -      15.575        8    62   42      1    5   26        arcade/game modelines; fixed 25kHz hsync freq arcade monitor
a   SailorSat usermodes   512x384@60.000     680    417      25.0200 - -      17.014       32    72   64     12   15    6        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)   512x384@60.004     672    403      48.3631 - - DS   32.500       12    68   80      1    3   15        from EDID
h   Atari medium res      512x384@60.096     640    416      25.0000          16.000       64    51   13      5   25    2        Atari medium-resolution monitor, calculated from timings [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   512x384@60.096     680    416      25.0000 - -      17.000       32    72   64     10   17    5        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
c   VGA NVIDIA            512x384@60         672    403      48.3631 - -      32.50        12    68   80      1    3   15        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
c   VGA NVIDIA            512x384@70         664    403      56.4759 - -      37.50        12    68   72      1    3   15        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
h   Atari VGA20           512x384@70.102     634    450      31.5457          20.000       80    34    8      6   29   31        Atari VGA20 monitor, calculated from timings [ref]
c   VGA NVIDIA            512x384@75         656    400      60.061  + + DS   39.40         8    48   88      0    2   14        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
c   VGA NVIDIA            512x384@85         688    404      68.6773 + + DS   47.25        24    48  104      0    2   18        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
c   VGA NVIDIA            512x384i@43.5      632    408      35.5222 + + DS   22.45         4    88   28      0    4   20        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
====                      560x384           // Mac 12", 24.5 kHz, 60 Hz
======                    576x384           // some lab CCD cameras, CCD sensors, eg. TH7883
===                       576x384 3:2       // 0.5x0.5 1152x768; anamorphic 4:3, common SDTV-class video file resolution; composite-video resolution limit of Sony PS3; some advertising LED screens (incl.Blip)
c   VGA NVIDIA            576x384@55         736    403      44.1576 + + DS   32.50        13    68   79      1    3   15        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
====                      640x384 15:9      // analog video; some advertising LED screens; e-ink, Waveshare 7.5"
c   VGA NVIDIA            640x384@60         840    397      47.7024 + + DS   40.07        32    68  100      0    2   11        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)   680x384@59.806     888    399      47.7252 - + DS   42.380       36    68  104      1    5    9        from EDID
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)   684x384@59.845     764    395      47.2775 + - DS   36.120       24    16   40      1    5    5        from EDID
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)   684x384@59.875     892    399      47.7803 - + DS   42.620       36    68  104      1    5    9        from EDID
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)   680x384@59.960     760    395      47.3684 + - DS   36.000       24    16   40      1    5    5        from EDID
====                      800x384           // some old cellphones
====                      312x390 4:5       // Apple Watch 42mm	
=====                     584x390           // CCD sensor, TI 4849
====                      720x392           // text 90x28 (char 8x14)
====                     1056x392           // text 132x28 (8x14)
====                     1188x392           // text 132x28 (9x14)
====                      851x393
====                     1056x398           // text 132x44 (8x9)
====                     1188x398           // text 132x44 (9x9)
=== Amiga,MCGA,VGA        320x400           // MCGA text 40x25 (char 8x16); VGA "tweak mode", 320x400, 256-color; Atari ST 4 color, CGA mono, Amiga OCS NTSC Hires, Apple IIGS HiRes, Nokia Series 80 smartphones
====VGA                   360x400           // text 40x25 (char 9x16)
======                    400x400 1:1       // CMOS camera sensor; CameraCube chip, with processor
a   SailorSat 25kHz cust  512x400@57.00      640    435      24.7950 - -      15.869       64    64    0      4    4   27        soft-15kHz, 25kHz custom, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   512x400@60.000     680    417      25.0200 - -      17.014       32    72   64      6    8    3        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
====                      528x400           // common videofile 4:3 resolution
==  VGA                   640x400 4:3/16:10 // Atari ST, high-res, custom noninterlaced monitor, 71.25Hz; Commodore Amiga full NTSC interlaced; PowerBook internal panel
==                                          // VESA standard modes 256/256col, nonstd 289/15b,290/16b,291/24b,292/32b; linux kernel vga=0x300/256col,0x321/15b,0x322/16b,0x323/24b, nonstd 804/32b
==                                          // VGA 2, 31.5 kHz, 70 Hz
=== EGA extended                            // with more memory
=== Atari ST                                // monochrome, 1bit, "sthigh"; 32.084988 xtal, 35.7 kHz horz, 71.2 Hz vert, 1V p-p on rgb/sync lines; Amiga OCS NTSC Hires interlaced
=== Amiga                                   // Amiga resolution, OCS "ntsc-lace", ECS (2bpp)/AGA (8bpp) chipsets, "euro36-lace","dblntsc-ff","vga70"
====MCGA                  640x400           // text 80x25 (char 8x16), 80x50 (8x8)
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)   640x400@59.882     840    415      49.7024 - + DS   41.750       36    64  100      1    3   11        from EDID
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)   640x400@59.982     720    411      49.3056 + - DS   35.500       24    16   40      1    3    7        from EDID
c   VGA NVIDIA            640x400@60         840    414      49.6786 + + DS   41.73        32    68  100      0    2   12        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
c   VGA                   640x400@70                                                                                             old default BIOS/MSDOS booting screen
C   VGA                   640x400@70.086     800    449      31.4688 + -      25.175       16    96   48     12    2   35        [ref]; differs in vert front/back porch from 640x350
ch  Atari ST              640x400@71.158?    900    501?     35.6500 -?-?     32.084988                                          calculated from specs; [ref]
c   VGA NVIDIA            640x400@85         832    445      37.8606 - +      31.50        32    64   96      1    3   41        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
c   VGA VESA              640x400@85         832    445      37.9    - +      31.5         32    64   96      1    3   41        MHi modelines table
C   VESA                  640x400@85.08      832    445      37.8606 - +      31.500       32    64   96      1    3   41        common X11 modelines
C   VESA                  640x400@85.08      832    445      37.8606 - +      31.50        32    64   96      1    3   41        MythTV modelines, VESA ModePool; [ref]
S   DMT (v4l2)            640x400@85.08      832    445      37.8606 - +      31.500       32    64   96      1    3   41        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_640X400P85
S   DMT v1.0 r11          640x400@85.08      832    445      37.8606 - +      31.500       32    64   96      1    3   41
=== VGA                   720x400 4:3       // CRT text for VGA, nonsquare pixels, original VGA @70; PC BIOS boot resolution (80x25 text, 9x16 characters); some video encodings
====VGA                   720x400           // text 80x25 (char 9x16)
d   HP P1230 monitor      720x400@70.032     898    450      31.5145          28.300       28    48  102      1    4   45        xorg modeline, factory-supplied [ref]
S!  Est., VGA/IBM         720x400@70.082     900    449      31.4667 - +      28.322       18   108   54     13    2   34        Established Timing; [ref]
c   VGA                   720x400@70         900    449                       28.322       18   108   54     11    2             MHi "nonstandard standard" table (+6 to active width, -3 each to front/back porch)
c   VGA VESA              720x400@85         936    446      37.9    - +      35.5         36    72  108      1    3   42        MHi modelines table
c   VESA                  720x400@85         936    446      37.9274 - +      35.50        36    72  108      1    3   42        MythTV modelines, VESA ModePool
c   VGA NVIDIA            720x400@85         936    446      37.9274 - +      35.50        36    72  108      1    3   42        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
S   DMT (v4l2)            720x400@85.039     936    446      37.9274 - +      35.500       36    72  108      1    3   42        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_720X400P85
S!  DMT v1.0 r11, Est.    720x400@85.039     936    446      37.9274 - +      35.500       36    72  108      1    3   42        Established Timing
C   VESA                  720x400@85.039     936    446      37.9274 - +      35.500       36    72  108      1    3   42        common X11 modelines; [ref]
====                      800x400           // Apricot PC/Xi, Apricot Xen; Amiga resolution, ECS (2bpp)/AGA (8bpp) chipsets, "super72-lace"
====                     1056x400           // text 132x50 (8x8)
====                     1188x400           // text 132x50 (9x8), 132x25 (9x16)
====                     1280x400           // text 160x50 (8x8)
=====!                   1280x400 32:10     // standard image size
a   GroovyMAME           2560x400i@29.999   3320    521      15.6295 - -      51.890      104   240  416     42    5   74        GroovyMAME arcade emulator
===L 405-line TV         664x377i@25 5:4   // 405-line TV, two channels; video+audio on 45.0/41.5 MHz or 62.25/58.75 MHz; British historical; see 377i
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)   720x405@58.988     880    419      24.7159 + -      21.750       48    32   80      3    5    6        from EDID
c   CVT 0.29M9-R          720x405@58.99      880    419      24.12   + -      21.75        48    32   80      3    5    6        x86 extramodes
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)   720x405@59.506     896    422      25.1116 - +      22.500       24    64   88      3    5    9        from EDID
c   CVT 0.29M9            720x405@59.91      896    422      25.11   - +      22.50        24    64   88      3    5    9        x86 extramodes
====                      752x410           // text 94x29 (8x14); ATI EGA Wonder, 16-color; Everex EV-659 or EV-657-1, 16-color; Video 7 Vega Deluxe, 4-color
====                      560x416           // common videofile 4:3 resolution
a   GroovyMAME           2560x416i@29.999   3320    521      15.6295 - -      51.890      104   240  416     34    5   66        GroovyMAME arcade emulator
====                      752x420           // Maxlogic MaxVGA, 16-color
=====                     512x424           // Kinect v2 depth camera (color one has 1920x1080)
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)   576x432@60.064     760    447      53.6974 - + DS   40.810       32    60   92      0    2   13        from EDID
c   VGA NVIDIA            576x432@75         800    450      67.5 DS + + DS   54.00        32    64  128      0    2   16        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
c   VGA NVIDIA            576x432@85         784    455      77.4872 + - DS   60.75        32    64  112      0    2   21        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
====                      768x432 16:9
a   GroovyMAME           2560x432i@29.999   3320    521      15.6295 - -      51.890      104   240  416     26    5   58        GroovyMAME arcade emulator
===L 441i                 ?x441             // historical
g   Sega Mega Drive NTSC  256x448i@29.996    341    525      15.7478 - -       5.370       18    25   42     24    5   48        arcade/game modelines; videogame, Sega Mega Drive (Sega Genesis)
g   Sega Mega Drive NTSC  320x448i@29.958    426    525      15.7277 - -       6.700       16    31   59     24    5   48        arcade/game modelines; videogame, Sega Mega Drive (Sega Genesis)
g   Super Nintendo PAL    512x448i@24.999    681    625      15.6241 - -      10.640       36    50   83     72    6   99        arcade/game modelines; videogame, Nintendo SNES, less common mode
g   Nintendo 64 PAL       512x448i@24.999    681    625      15.6241 - -      10.640       36    50   83     72    6   99        arcade/game modelines; videogame, Nintendo 64
a   SailorSat 15kHz i     512x448i@29.931    672    527      15.7738 - -      10.600       30    56   74     21    3   55        soft-15kHz, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
g   Super Nintendo NTSC   512x448i@29.952    683    525      15.7247 - -      10.740       36    51   84     24    6   47        arcade/game modelines; videogame, Nintendo SNES, less common mode
g   Nintendo 64 NTSC      512x448i@29.952    683    525      15.7247 - -      10.740       36    51   84     24    6   47        arcade/game modelines; videogame, Nintendo 64
a   arcade monitor        512x448i@30.000+   632    524      15.7199 - -       9.935        8    47   65     19    6   51        arcade/game modelines; fixed hsync freq arcade monitor
a   SailorSat 31kHz p     512x448@59.891     672    527      31.5625 - -      21.210       30    56   74     21    3   55        soft-15kHz, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   512x448@60.000     680    525      31.5000 - -      21.420       32    72   64     26   38   13        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
====                     1188x448           // text 132x28 (9x16)
a   GroovyMAME           2560x448i@29.999   3320    521      15.6295 - -      51.890      104   240  416     18    5   50        GroovyMAME arcade emulator
====                      640x450           // Cirrus 510/512 chipset
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)   700x450@59.880     780    463      55.4487 + - DS   43.250       24    16   40      1    5    7        from EDID
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)   700x450@59.964     924    467      56.0065 - + DS   51.750       40    72  112      1    5   11        from EDID
====                      720x450 16:10
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)   720x450@59.887     952    467      55.9349 - + DS   53.250       40    76  116      1    3   13        from EDID
c   VGA NVIDIA            720x450@60         956    473      56.9247 + + DS   54.42        16   204   16      9    4   10        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
====                      800x450 16:9
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)   800x450@59.825     880    463      55.3977 + - DS   48.750       24    16   40      1    3    9        from EDID
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)   800x450@59.941    1056    467      55.9848 - + DS   59.120       48    80  128      1    3   13        from EDID
a   arcade TV NTSC 5:4    570x456i@29.970    768    525      15.7344 - -      12.084       51    57   90     16    6   47        arcade/game modelines; TV NTSC
a   arcade TV NTSC 4:3    608x456i@29.970    824    525      15.7342 - -      12.965       55    61  100     16    6   47        arcade/game modelines; TV NTSC
a   arcade TV NTSC        640x456i@29.969    864    525      15.7338 - -      13.594       58    64  102     16    6   47        arcade/game modelines; TV NTSC
a   arcade TV NTSC        720x456i@29.971    976    525      15.7346 - -      15.357       65    72  119     16    6   47        arcade/game modelines; TV NTSC
a   arcade TV NTSC 16:9   812x456i@29.970   1096    525      15.7345 - -      17.245       73    81  130     16    6   47        arcade/game modelines; TV NTSC
a   arcade TV NTSC       1024x456i@29.970   1384    525      15.7341 - -      21.776       93   102  165     16    6   47        arcade/game modelines; TV NTSC
a   SailorSat usermodes   480x464@60.000     640    525      31.5000 - -      20.160       32    64   64     20   31   10        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
====                      640x464           // some advertising LED screens
a   GroovyMAME           2560x464i@29.999   3320    521      15.6295 - -      51.890      104   240  416     10    5   42        GroovyMAME arcade emulator
====VGA                   720x473           // text 80x43 (9x11 char); Realtek RTVGA
====                      640x475           // text 80x25 (char 8x19)
====                      720x476           // text 80x34 (9x14 char); WG90C
g   Super Nintendo PAL    512x478i@24.999    681    625      15.6241 - -      10.640       36    50   83     58    6   83        arcade/game modelines; videogame, Nintendo SNES
g   Super Nintendo NTSC   512x478i@29.952    683    525      15.7247 - -      10.740       36    51   84     10    6   31        arcade/game modelines; videogame, Nintendo SNES
==L 480i,480p             ?x480             // visible scanlines in 525-line systems; NTSC
g   Sega Mega Drive PAL   256x480i@25.009    341    625      15.6305 - -       5.330       13    25   47     60    5   80        arcade/game modelines; videogame, Sega Mega Drive (Sega Genesis)
g   Sega Mega Drive NTSC  256x480i@29.996    341    525      15.7478 - -       5.370       18    25   42      8    5   32        arcade/game modelines; videogame, Sega Mega Drive (Sega Genesis)
=== Atari, videogames                       // horz half 640x480; Atari resolution, 8bit "ttlow"
g   Sega Mega Drive PAL   320x480i@25.014    426    625      15.6338 - -       6.660       16    31   59     60    5   80        arcade/game modelines; videogame, Sega Mega Drive (Sega Genesis)
g   Sega Mega Drive NTSC  320x480i@29.958    426    525      15.7277 - -       6.700       16    31   59      8    5   32        arcade/game modelines; videogame, Sega Mega Drive (Sega Genesis)
=== CVD NTSC              352x480 4:3,16:9  // CVD (China Video Disc), NTSC, 480i@29.97; DVD 4:3; NTSC 480i,p: SDTV, EDTV Rec.601, SMPTE 293M, ATSC DVB, ISDB, 4:3,16:9
t   SDTV NTSC             352x480i@29.97            525              - -       6.75                                              CVD, China Video Disc; DVD
t   EDTV NTSC             352x480p@59.94            525              - -      13.5
====                      360x480           // Cirrus 510/520/5320; VGA "tweak" mode, 360x480, 256-color
=== SVCD NTSC             480x480 4:3,16:9  // SVCD (MPEG2) NTSC, 480i@29.97; SDTV, EDTV Rec.601, SMPTE 293M, ATSC DVB, ISDB, 4:3,16:9
t   SDTV NTSC             480x480i@29.97     572    525              - -       9           10.7                                  SVCD (MPEG2)
t   EDTV NTSC             480x480p@59.94     572    525              - -      18
a   SailorSat usermodes   480x480@60.000     640    525      31.5000 - -      20.160       32    64   64     16   21    8        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   mame.ini              480x480@60.095     600    525      31.5500 - -      18.930       16    72   32     11    2   32        from mame.ini
a   SailorSat usermodes   496x480@60.000     664    525      31.5000 - -      20.916       32    72   64     16   21    8        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
a   mame.ini              496x480@59.982     624    525      31.4904 - -      19.650       16    72   40     11    2   32        from mame.ini
====                      512x480           //
a   mame.ini              512x480@59.877     648    525      31.4352 - -      20.370       16    80   40     11    2   32        from mame.ini
a   SailorSat usermodes   512x480@60.000     680    525      31.5000 - -      21.420       32    72   64     16   21    8        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
=== SDTV/EDTV             528x480           // NTSC 480i,p: SDTV, EDTV Rec.601, SMPTE 293M, ATSC DVB, ISDB, 4:3,16:9
t   SDTV NTSC             528x480i@29.97            525              - -       9.9
t   EDTV NTSC             528x480p@59.94            525              - -      19.8
=== SDTV/EDTV             544x480           // NTSC 480i,p: SDTV, EDTV Rec.601, SMPTE 293M, ATSC DVB, ISDB, 4:3,16:9
t   SDTV NTSC             544x480i@29.993    643    525      15.7465 - -      10.125       12
t   EDTV NTSC             544x480p@59.987    643    525      31.4930 - -      20.25        12
a   mame.ini              544x480@60.050     688    525      31.5262 - -      21.690       24    80   40     11    2   32        from mame.ini
a   mame.ini              576x480@59.942     728    525      31.4698 - -      22.910       24    88   40     11    2   32        from mame.ini
====0.29M4                600x480 5:4       // some older monitors
=====!                    640x480 4:3       // standard image size; common small image sensors, 0.3 MPix, security cameras, VGA/4CIF; thermal camera sensors; camera sensors with processors, CameraCube
=====!                                      // raspi camera (v1, OV5647, 4x4 binning, mode 6 42.1-60 fps, mode 7 60.1-90 fps; v2 IMX219, 2x2 binning, mode 7 40-90 fps partial FoV)
==  VGA                   640x480 4:3       // vga (ffmpeg); VESA 0.31M3, "square pixel NTSC"; "VGA resolution", very common; Apple Mac II @67; Professional Graphics Controller @60 (1984); MCGA (monochrome); 8514/A p@60
==                                          // VESA standard modes 257/256col,272/15b,273/16b,274/24b, nonstd 297/32b; linux kernel vga=0x301/256col,0x310/15b,0x311/16b,0x312/24b, nonstd 809/32b
==                                          // VGA, 31.5 kHz, 60 Hz, common; VESA, 37.9 kHz, 72 Hz; Mac 13/14", 35.0 kHz, 67 Hz, common; standard NTSC SDTV, 4:3 only (see 720x480, 848x480); PAL/NTSC CCTV digital video recorder mode
==  SDTV NTSC                               // NTSC 480i,p: SDTV, EDTV Rec.601, SMPTE 293M, ATSC DVB, ISDB, 4:3,16:9
=== EGA extended                            // with more memory
=== Atari                                   // Atari resolution, 1bit "vga2", 2bit "vga4", 4bit "ttmid","vga16", 8bit "vga256"
=== Amiga                                   // Amiga resolution, ECS (2bpp)/AGA (8bpp) chipsets, "multiscan","euro72","vga"
====                      640x480           // text 80x60 (char 8x8), 80x30 (8x16)
g   Nintendo 64 PAL       640x480i@25.014    852    625      15.6338 - -      13.320       32    62  118     60    5   80        arcade/game modelines; videogame, Nintendo 64
H   old SDTV              640x480i@25.05     792    624      15.6313 - -      12.380       19    58   75     52    6   86        [ref]
a   SailorSat 15kHz i     640x480i@29.768    836    526      15.6579 - -      13.090       32    64  100      1    2   43        soft-15kHz, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
t   SDTV NTSC             640x480i@29.97     780    525              - -      12.27        14.5                                  4:3 square
a   GroovyMAME            640x480i@29.944    832    521      15.6010 - -      12.980       24    64  104      2    5   34        GroovyMAME arcade emulator
a   SailorSat 31kHz p     640x480@59.649     836    525      31.3158 - -      26.180       32    64  100      6    3   36        soft-15kHz, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   arcade monitor        640x480i@29.999    784    524      15.7194 - -      12.324        8    58   78      3    6   35        arcade/game modelines; fixed hsync freq arcade monitor
t   EDTV NTSC             640x480p@59.923    780    525      31.4615 - -      24.54        14.5                                  4:3 square
t   "ATSC-480-59.94p"     640x480p@59.940    760    525      31.4684          23.916       24    72   24      2    6   37        MythTV modelines, DTV-PCTweakedModes
S!  VIC=1 DMT0659         640x480@59.94      800    525      31.469           25.175                                             Established Timing; "DMT0659" timing standard; 4:3 (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; Industry Standard
S   DMT+CEA861 (v4l2)     640x480@59.94      800    525      31.4688 - -      25.175       16    96   48     10    2   33        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_CEA_640X480P59_94; HAS_CEA861_VIC; hdmi_mode=1; Established Timing
T   EIA/CEA-861B          640x480@59.94      800    525      31.4688 - -      25.175       16    96   48     10    2   33        [ref]
c   nGA                   640x480@59.94      800    525      31.469  - -      25.175       16    96   48     10    2   33        fb.modes, ATI, VIA
d   Toshiba TW40x81       640x480@59.947    1112    563      33.7500 + +      37.530      197    64  211     36    9   38        [ref]
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)   640x480@59.952     800    525      31.4750 - -      25.180       16    96   48     10    2   33        from EDID
a   mame.ini              640x480@59.995     808    525      31.4975 - -      25.450       24    96   48     11    2   32        from mame.ini
t   standard NTSC video   640x480i@29.914    784    525      15.7347 - -      12.336       22    58   64      8    6   31        arcade/game modelines; TV NTSC, general purpose, square pixels
a   SailorSat tv          640x480i@30.001    784    526      15.7806 - -      12.372       16    64   64      9    6   31        soft-15kHz, TV, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
g   Nintendo 64 NTSC      640x480i@29.958    852    525      15.7277 - -      13.400       32    62  118      8    5   32        arcade/game modelines; videogame, Nintendo 64
t   "ATSC-480-60p"        640x480p@60.000    760    525      31.5000          23.94        24    72   24      2    6   37        MythTV modelines, DTV-PCTweakedModes
e   18bit parallel LCD    640x480@59.94      800    525      31.47   - -      25.1750      24    96   40     11    2   32        dtdi; hsync-active=0, vsync-active=0, pixel-active=0, de-active=1; standard VGA timing; from imx7-colibri-eval-v3.dtsi; [ref]
c   VGA                   640x480@60         800    525                       25.175       16    96   48     11    2   31        Rick Ballantyne, Xilinx Inc. TABLE 1 VGA CORE VIDEO MODE; default old Windows mode
c   VGA                   640x480@60         800    525              - -      25.175       16    96   48      9    2             MHi "nonstandard standard" table (+6 to active width, -3 each to front/back porch)
c   VGA                   640x480@60         800    525              - -      25.175       16    96   48     10    2   33        MHi modelines table
e   many LPC processors   640x480@60.401     800    521      31.4688 + +      25.175       16    96   48     10    2   29        [ref]
c   VESA                  640x480@60         800    525      31.475  - -      25.18        16    96   48     10    2   33        MythTV modelines, VESA ModePool
C   industry standard     640x480@60.00      800    525      31.5000 - -      25.200       16    96   48     10    2   33        common X11 modelines; Established Timing?
C   VGA industry standard 640x480@60         800    525      31.5    - -      25.2         16    96   48     10    2   33        MHi modelines table
T!  EIA/CEA-861B          640x480@60         800    525      31.5000 - -      25.200       16    96   48     10    2   33        [ref]
c   VGA NVIDIA            640x480@60         800    525      31.5    - -      25.20        16    96   48     10    2   33        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
e   nVidia example        640x480@60         800    525              - -      25.2000      16    96   48     10    2   33        nvidia,h-ref-to-sync=1, nvidia,v-ref-to-sync=1; [ref]
d   HP P1230 monitor      640x480@60         800    525      31.5000          25.200       25    43   92      1    4   40        xorg modeline, factory-supplied [ref]
c   VGA                   640x480@60.00      784    503      39.780  - -      24.823       24    48   72      1    3   19        fb.modes, VIA
t   HDTV EDID             640x480@60         800    525      31.4625 - -      25.17        16    96   48     10    2   33        MythTV modelines, HDTV EDID ModePool
d   Toshiba 50H81         640x480p@60        856    525              - -      26.964       64    64   88      6    6   33        MythTV modelines, device-specific
a   SailorSat usermodes   640x480@60.000     856    525      31.5000 - -      26.964       48    72   96     16   21    8        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
d   NEC LCD1960NX         640x480@60.02     1688   1066      63.9810 - -     108.000      688   112  248    545    3   38        from EDID; same clock and overall resolution for all modes, size by porches
c   VGA NVIDIA            640x480@60         900    500      60      + + DS   54.00        48    56  156      0    2   18        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)   640x480@60.000     900    500      60.0000 + + DS   54.000       48    56  156      0    2   18        from EDID
e   LVDS on Tegra         640x480@60.987     737    579      31.469  - -      25.176       48    16   33      1   96    2        Colibri-T30 board; [ref]
l   Thinkpad X61 lower    640x480@61.99      800    498                       24.70        16    64   80      1    3   14
S   DMT v1.0 r11          640x480@63.086     784    509      32.1110 - -      25.175        8    96   40      2    2   25        nominal @60 Hz; STD (31 40)h; discrepancy?
cf  IBM 6091-19           640x480@66.138     960    504      66.6667 - - DS   64.000       88   128  104      2    2   20        historical monitor, 5-BNC; nonstandard timing [ref]
C   VGA/MAC               640x480@66.6667    864    525      35.0000          30.24        64    64   96      1    3             Established Timing; MHi "nonstandard standard" table (+6 to active width, -3 each to front/back porch)
S!  Est., Apple/Mac       640x480@66.6667    864    525      35.0000 - -      30.240       64    64   96      3    3   39        Established Timing; [ref]
d   Apple Preforma Plus   640x480@67.001     848    524      35.1085          29.772       40    64  104     13    3   28        [ref]
t   "ATSC-480-71.93p"     640x480p@71.927    760    525      37.7618          28.699       24    72   24      2    6   37        MythTV modelines, DTV-PCTweakedModes
t   "ATSC-480-72p"        640x480p@72.000    760    525      37.8000          28.728       24    72   24      2    6   37        MythTV modelines, DTV-PCTweakedModes
c   "VGA 3"               640x480@72         832    520                       31.5         24    40  128      9    3   28        Rick Ballantyne, Xilinx Inc. TABLE 1 VGA CORE VIDEO MODE
c   VGA                   640x480@72         832    520                       31.5         24    40  128      7    3   30        MHi "nonstandard standard" table (+6 to active width, -3 each to front/back porch)
c   "VESA 2"?             640x480@72         832    520      37.9    - -      31.5         24    40  128      9    2   29        MHi modelines table
c   VGA                   640x480@72.12      832    520      37.5    - -      31.2         24    40  128      9    3   28        fb.modes, ATI
C   "VESA 2"?             640x480@72.809     832    520      37.8606 - -      31.500       24    40  128      9    2   29        common X11 modelines; Established Timing?; VGA [ref]
S!  DMT (v4l2)            640x480@72.809     832    520      37.8606 - -      31.500       24    40  128      9    3   28        Established Timing; linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_640X480P60
c   VESA                  640x480@73         832    520      37.8606 - -      31.50        24    40  128      9    3   28        MythTV modelines, VESA ModePool
c   VGA NVIDIA            640x480@73         832    520      37.8606 - -      31.50        24    40  128      9    2   29        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
c   VGA/IBM               640x480@75         800    525                       31.05        16    96   48      9    2   34        MHi "nonstandard standard" table (+6 to active width, -3 each to front/back porch)
c   VGA                   640x480@75         800    525                       31.5         16    96   48     11    2   32        Rick Ballantyne, Xilinx Inc. TABLE 1 VGA CORE VIDEO MODE
S!  DMT (v4l2)            640x480@75.000     840    500      37.5000 - -      31.500       16    64  120      1    3   16        Established Timing; linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_640X480P75
S   DMT v1.0 r11          640x480@75.000     840    500      37.5000 - -      31.500       16    64  120      1    3   16        STD (31 4F) non-CVT compliant
S   DMT v1.0 r11          640x480@76.593     816    504      38.6029 - -      31.500       16    40  120      1    3   20        nominal @72 Hz; STD (31 4C); discrepancy?
C   VESA                  640x480@75.00      840    500      37.5000 - -      31.500       16    64  120      1    3   16        common X11 modelines; Established Timing?; VESA [ref]
C   VGA VESA              640x480@75.00      840    500      37.5    - -      31.5         16    64  120      1    3   16        MHi modelines table
C   VESA                  640x480@75         840    500      37.5    - -      31.50        16    64  120      1    3   16        MythTV modelines, VESA ModePool
c   VGA NVIDIA            640x480@75.00      840    500      37.5    - -      31.50        16    64  120      1    3   16        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
c   VGA                   640x480@75.00                      37.5    - -      31.5         16    64  120      1    3   16        fb.modes, ATI, VIA
c   VGA                   640x480@85         832    509      43.2692          36           32    48  112      1    3   25        Rick Ballantyne, Xilinx Inc. TABLE 1 VGA CORE VIDEO MODE
c   VESA                  640x480@85         832    509      43.2692 - -      36.00        56    56   80      1    3   25        MythTV modelines, VESA ModePool
c   VGA VESA              640x480@85         832    509      43.3    - -      36.0         56    56   80      1    3   25        MHi modelines table
c   VGA                   640x480@85.00      832    509      43.269  - -      36           56    56   80      1    3   25        fb.modes, VIA
c   VGA NVIDIA            640x480@85         832    509      43.2692 - -      36.00        56    56   80      1    3   25        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
C   VESA                  640x480@85.008     832    509      43.2692 - -      36.000       56    56   80      1    3   25        common X11 modelines
C   SXGA (Mode 101)       640x480@85.008     832    509      43.2692 - -      36.000       56    56   80      1    3   25        SXGA [ref]
S   DMT (v4l2)            640x480@85.008     832    509      43.2692 - -      36.000       56    56   80      1    3   25        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_640X480P85
S   DMT v1.0 r11          640x480@85.008     832    509      43.2692 - -      36.000       56    56   80      1    3   25        STD (31 59) non-CVT compliant
d   NEC LCD1850E          640x480@85.008     832    509      43.2692 - -      36.000       56    56   80      1    3   25        [ref]
d   HP P1230 monitor      640x480@85.111     831    509      43.3213          36.000       30    51  110      1    3   25        xorg modeline, factory-supplied [ref]
c   VGA NVIDIA            640x480@85         864    505      85.9375 + + DS   74.25        32    80  112      0    2   23        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
d   iMac display          640x480@87.352     864    530      46.2963 - -      40.000       32    96   96      8    6   36        [ref]
cf  Sun GDM20D10          640x480@89.999    1096    670      60.2993 + +      66.088      104   160  192     76    3  111        [ref]
c   VGA                   640x480@90.00      832    533      47.969  - -      39.91        32    40  120     14   14   25        fb.modes, ATI
c   VGA                   640x480@99.71      848    531      52.948  - -      44.9         32   128   48     22   12   17        fb.modes, ATI
c   VGA GTF               640x480@100        848    509      50.9    - +      43.16        40    64  104      1    3   25        MHi modelines table
C   VESA                  640x480@100.00     848    509      50.8998 + +      43.163       40    64  104      1    3   25        common X11 modelines; [ref]
c   VGA                   640x480@100.00     848    509      50.900  + +      43.163       40    64  104      1    3   25        fb.modes, VIA
d   Apple iMac            640x480@116.65     832    514      59.9591 + +      49.886       21    64  107      1    3   30        [ref]
d   Apple iMac G3         640x480@116.68     832    514      59.9760 + +      49.900       17    64  111      1    3   30        [ref]
cf  Sun GDM-20D10         640x480@118.07     832    509      60.0962 + +      50.000        8    48  136      1    3   25        [ref]
c   VGA                   640x480@120.00     848    515      61.800  +?+?     52.406       40    64  104      1    3   31        fb.modes, VIA
d   HP P1230 monitor      640x480@160.17     864    534      85.5324          73.900       35    60  129      2    4   48        xorg modeline, community-supported [ref]
=====                     704x480           // analog security cameras, D1/4CIF
=== NTSC525               704x480 4:3,16:9  // 720x480, with 8 pixels on each side blanked; for digitizing analog SDTV to avoid loss on sides
===                                         // DVD 4SIF 525 4:3; DVD D1 NTSC 4:3,16:9; NTSC 4SIF 525 480i,p: SDTV, EDTV Rec.601, SMPTE 293M, ATSC DVB, ISDB, 4:3,16:9
t   NTSC525               704x480i@29.970    858    525      15.7343 - -      13.500       24    63   67      6    6   33        MythTV modelines, NTSC525 itu-r/bt: 470 601 656
t   SDTV NTSC  4SIF 525   704x480i@29.970    858    525      15.7343 - -      13.500       16                                    4:3, 720x480 with 1st/last 8 pixels blanked; DVD
t   EDTV NTSC  4SIF 525   704x480p@59.940    858    525      31.4685 - -      27.000       16                                    4:3, 720x480 with 1st/last 8 pixels blanked; DVD
a   mame.ini              704x480@59.996     888    525      31.4977 - -      27.970       24   104   56     11    2   32        from mame.ini
=====!                    720x480           // standard image size; analog security cameras, D1/4CIF
====VGA                   720x480           // text 80x30 (9x16 char), 80x60 (9x8); Realtek RTVGA
====                      720x480           // DV NTSC source size; 4:3 square pixel size 720x528, 16:9 square pixel size 864x480
==  WVGA 3:2/NTSC 480i    720x480 3:2       // CCIR-601 standard NTSC, digital 525/60 video, 13.5 MHz sampling (see also 768x483); also NTSC525; standard DVD/Blu-Ray resolution (4:3, anamorphic 16:9); NTSC CCTV digital video recorder mode; used in video postprodution
==  DV NTSC                                 // CCIR/Rec. 601 sampling: 0/255 encodes sync, black=16, white=235, 720 luma and 360 chroma samples per line; D-1 NTSC 480i,p: SDTV, EDTV Rec.601, SMPTE 293M, ATSC DVB, ISDB, 4:3,16:9
===                                         // Commodore Amiga max NTSC res; standard NTSC DV resolution; see 848x480 for 16:9
a   SailorSat 15kHz i     720x480i@29.967    928    525      15.7328 - -      14.600       32    72  104      6    3   36        soft-15kHz, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
t   "ATSC-480-59.94i"     720x480i@29.970    760    525      15.7342          11.958       24    72   24      4    8   33        MythTV modelines, ATSC Standard Modes
t   "ATSC-480a-59.94i"    720x480i@29.970    760    525      15.7342          11.958       24    72   24      4    8   33        MythTV modelines, ATSC Standard Modes
T   CCIR-601 sampling     720x480i@29.970    858    525      15.7343          13.5000
T   SDTV NTSC  D-1 PAL    720x480i@29.970    858    525      15.7342 com      13.5         16     [122]       3    3   16        CCIR-601 sampling standard; 4:3, most common; D-1 NTSC; DVD; VFP/VBP may also be 3.5/16.5; vertical values for half-field
T   NTSC525               720x480i@29.970    858    525      15.7342 - -      13.5         16    63   59      6    6   33        MythTV modelines, NTSC525 itu-r/bt: 470 601 656
t   "NTSC-DVD-59.94i"     720x480i@29.970    858    525      15.7342          13.5         16    64   58      4    8   33        MythTV modelines, DVD ModePool
t   "NTSC-DVD-59.94i"     720x480i@29.971    856    525      15.7348          13.469       40    56   40      2    6   37        MythTV modelines, DTV-PCTweakedModes
a   arcade monitor        720x480i@29.999    888    524      15.7196 - -      13.959        8    66   94      3    6   35        arcade/game modelines; fixed hsync freq arcade monitor
a   SailorSat tv          720x480i@29.967    928    525      15.7328 - -      14.600       32    72  104      6    3   36        soft-15kHz, TV, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   NeoGeo linedouble     720x480@59.18      858    528      31.2471 - -      26.810       16    62   60      9    6   33        "MVS_240p_x2" , test of display, 264 lines become 528 when linedoubled [ref] 
a   PAL Saturn 60Hz       720x480@59.37      858    526      31.2284 - -      26.794       16    62   60      9    6   31        "PAL_Saturn_240p_x2", test of display, PAL Saturn in 60Hz mode, 59.37 Hz vert [ref]
a   SailorSat 31kHz p     720x480@59.923     928    526      31.5194 - -      29.250       32    72  104      6    3   37        soft-15kHz, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   arcade TV EDTV        720x480@59.939    1128    525      31.4681 - -      35.496       62   167  179      8    6   31        arcade/game modelines; TV NTSC EDTV progressive
t   "ATSC-480-59.94p"     720x480@59.940     760    525      31.4684          23.916       24    72   24      4    8   33        MythTV modelines, ATSC Standard Modes
t   "ATSC-480a-59.94p"    720x480@59.940     760    525      31.4684          23.916       24    72   24      4    8   33        MythTV modelines, ATSC Standard Modes
t   "NTSC-DVD-59.94p"     720x480p@59.940    856    525      31.4685          26.937       40    56   40      2    6   37        MythTV modelines, DTV-PCTweakedModes
S   VIC=2 480p            720x480@59.940     858    525      31.4685          27.000                                             4:3  (pixel=8:9); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=2
S   VIC=3 480pH           720x480@59.940     858    525      31.4685          27.000                                             16:9 (pixel=32:27); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=3
S   CEA861 (v4l2)         720x480@59.940     858    525      31.4685 - -      27.000       16    62   60      9    6   30        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_CEA_720X480P59_94; IS_CE_VIDEO,HAS_PICTURE_ASPECT,HAS_CEA861_VIC
T   EIA/CEA-861B          720x480@59.940     858    525      31.4685 - -      27.000       16    62   60      9    6   30        [ref]
t   "NTSC-DVD-59.94p"     720x480@59.940     858    525      31.4685          27.0         16    64   58      4    8   33        MythTV modelines, DVD ModePool
t   EDTV NTSC  D-1 PAL    720x480p@59.940    858    525      31.4685 - -      27           16                                    4:3, common
t   HDTV EDID             720x480@59.940     858    525      31.4685 - -      27.00        16    62   60      9    6   30        MythTV modelines, HDTV EDID ModePool
d   Benq PE7700           720x480@59.94*     858    525      31.4685 - -      27.000       16    62   60      9    6   30        4:3; projector; from EDID
d   Benq PE7700           720x480@59.94*     858    525      31.4685 - -      27.000       16    62   60      9    6   30        16:9; projector; from EDID
d   Camboard HDMIxDVI     720x480@59.94*     858    525      31.4685 - -      27.000       16    58   64      9    6   30
d   Toshiba 52HL167       720x480@59.94      858    525              - -      27.00        16    62   60      9    6   30        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Toshiba TW40x81       720x480@59.947     944    563      33.7500 + +      31.860       82    56   86     35   22   26        [ref]
t   "ATSC-480a-60i"       720x480i@30.000    760    525      15.7500          11.97        24    72   24      4    8   33        MythTV modelines, ATSC Standard Modes
t   "NTSC-DVD-60i"        720x480i@30.000    856    525      15.7500          13.482       40    56   40      2    6   37        MythTV modelines, DTV-PCTweakedModes
t   HDTV EDID             720x480i@30.027    858    524      15.7343 - -      13.50        19    62   57      8    6   30        MythTV modelines, HDTV EDID ModePool
t   "NTSC-DVD-60i"        720x480i@30.001    858    525      15.7506          13.514       16    64   58      4    8   33        MythTV modelines, DVD ModePool
t   no-scaling NTSC video 720x480i@29.970    880    525      15.7341 - -      13.846       24    65   71      8    6   31        arcade/game modelines; TV NTSC, CCIR-601, avoids 720-to-640px scaling artefacts
a   arcade TV NTSC        720x480i@29.970    880    525      15.7341 - -      13.846       24    65   71      8    6   31        arcade/game modelines; TV NTSC
t   "ATSC-480-60p"        720x480@60.000     760    525      31.5000          23.94        24    72   24      4    8   33        MythTV modelines, ATSC Standard Modes
t   "ATSC-480a-60p"       720x480@60.000     760    525      31.5000          23.94        24    72   24      4    8   33        MythTV modelines, ATSC Standard Modes
t   "NTSC-DVD-60p"        720x480p@60.000    856    525      31.5000          26.964       40    56   40      2    6   37        MythTV modelines, DTV-PCTweakedModes
t   "NTSC-DVD-60p"        720x480@60.000     858    525      31.5000          27.027       16    64   58      4    8   33        MythTV modelines, DVD ModePool
T   EIA/CEA-861B          720x480@60.000     858    525      31.5000 - -      27.027       16    62   60      9    6   30        [ref]
e   many LPC processors   720x480@60.000     858    525      31.5000 + +      27.027       16    62   60      9    6   30        [ref]
c   VGA VIA               720x480@60.24      896    498      30.000  +?+?     26.880       16    72   88      1    3   14        fb.modes, VIA
S   CEA861 (v4l2)         720x480i@31.343    858    502      15.7343 - -      13.500       19    62   57      4    3   15 4 3 16 linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_CEA_720X480I59_94; HALF_LINE,IS_CE_VIDEO,HAS_PICTURE_ASPECT,HAS_CEA861_VIC
t   "NTSC-DVD-71.93p"     720x480p@71.93     856    525                       32.324       40    56   40      2    6   37        MythTV modelines, DTV-PCTweakedModes
t   "NTSC-DVD-71.93p"     720x480@71.93      858    525                       32.4         16    64   58      4    8   33        MythTV modelines, DVD ModePool
t   "ATSC-480-71.93p"     720x480@71.93      760    525                       28.699       24    72   24      4    8   33        MythTV modelines, ATSC Movie Modes
t   "NTSC-DVD-72p"        720x480p@72        856    525                       32.357       40    56   40      2    6   37        MythTV modelines, DTV-PCTweakedModes
t   "NTSC-DVD-72p"        720x480@72         858    525                       32.432       16    64   58      4    8   33        MythTV modelines, DVD ModePool
t   "ATSC-480-72p"        720x480@72         760    525                       28.728       24    72   24      4    8   33        MythTV modelines, ATSC Movie Modes
S   VIC=48 480p119        720x480@119.88*    858    525      62.9371          54.000                                             4:3  (pixel=8:9); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=48 vfreq=119.88/120
S   VIC=49 480p119H       720x480@119.88*    858    525      62.9371          54.000                                             16:9 (pixel=32:27); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=49 vfreq=119.88/120
t   "NTSC-DVD-119.88p"    720x480@119.880    858    525      62.9371          54.0         16    64   58      4    8   33        MythTV modelines, DVD ModePool
t   "ATSC-480-119.88p"    720x480@119.880    760    525      62.9368          47.832       24    72   24      4    8   33        MythTV modelines, ATSC Movie Modes
t   "NTSC-DVD-120p"       720x480@120.000    858    525      63.0000          54.054       16    64   58      4    8   33        MythTV modelines, DVD ModePool
t   "ATSC-480-120p"       720x480@120.000    760    525      63.0000          47.88        24    72   24      4    8   33        MythTV modelines, ATSC Movie Modes
S   VIC=56 480p239        720x480@239.76     858    525     125.874          108.000                                             4:3  (pixel=8:9); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=56
S   VIC=57 480p239H       720x480@239.76     858    525     125.874          108.000                                             16:9 (pixel=32:27); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=57
=====                     752x480 47:30     // ~14:9; CMOS camera sensor, some with processor
=== WVGA 16:10            768x480 16:10     // VESA 0.37MA; common resolution of LCD projectors
a   arcade TV PAL-M       768x480i@29.969    936    525      15.7340 - -      14.727       26    69   73      8    6   31        arcade/game modelines; TV PAL-M (PAL mode with NTSC timings)
a   SailorSat usermodes   768x480@60.000    1024    525      31.5000 - -      32.256       48   112   96     16   21    8        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
e   RGB LG LP097X02       768x480@93.720    2084    512      47.9846 - -     100.0000     260   320  480     16   10    6        den_pol=0, dclk_pol=1, LVDS_8BIT_1, OUT_D888_P666; [ref]
=====!                    800x480 5:3       // standard image size
=== WVGA 5:3              800x480 5:3       // "European widescreen" (also 1280x768); projectors; common touchscreen TFT panels (arduino, raspi); common Android devices
e   DPI LCD, TI DRA722    800x480@28.86     1056    525      15.15   - -      16.000      210    30   16     22   13   10        dra72-evm.dts; pixelclk-active=1, de-active=1
e   RGB/SPI TJ048NC01CA   800x480@48.40      941    505              - -      23.0000      20     1  120      4    1   20        den_pol=0, dclk_pol=1, LVDS_8BIT_1, OUT_P888, needs init?; [ref]
e   RGB HL070VM           800x480@48.70     1056    525              - -      27.0000      40    10  206     10   10   25        den_pol=0, dclk_pol=1, LVDS_8BIT_1, OUT_P888; [ref]
e   RGB TD043MGEA         800x480@48.70     1056    525              - -      27.0000      40    10  206     10   10   25        den_pol=0, dclk_pol=0, LVDS_8BIT_2, OUT_P888; [ref]
e   RGB HSD070IDW1        800x480@58.15      832    496              - -      24.0000      12    10   10      8    4    4        den_pol=0, dclk_pol=1, LVDS_8BIT_2, OUT_P888; [ref]
e   LVDS HSD070IDW1       800x480@58.16      832    496              - -      24.0000      12    10   10      8    4    4        den_pol=0, dclk_pol=1, LVDS_8BIT_2, needs init; [ref]
e   RGB I30               800x480@58.22      976    528              - -      30.0000      40    48   88     13    3   32        den_pol=0, dclk_pol=1, LVDS_8BIT_1, OUT_P666; [ref]
e   LVDS/RGB SK616        800x480@59.35     1057    526              - -      33.0000     210     1   46     22    1   23        den_pol=0, dclk_pol=1(LVDS)/0(RGB), LVDS_8BIT_1, OUT_P888, has dsp_lut; [ref]
e   LVDS (CVT)            800x480@59.48      992    500      29.74   - +      29.50        24    72   96      3   10    7        Colibri VFX board; [ref]
e   RGB WY                800x480@59.52     1056    525              - -      33.0000     210    30   16     22   13   10        den_pol=0, dclk_pol=0, LVDS_8BIT_1, OUT_P666; [ref]
e   RGB/SPI ILI9803       800x480@59.74      874    498              - -      26.0000      60     8    6      4    2   12        dclk_pol=1, OUT_P666; [ref]
e   RGB TFT               800x480@59.74      874    498              - -      26.0000      60     6    8      4    2   12        den_pol=0, dclk_pol=1, OUT_P888; [ref]
e   RGB YQ70CPT9160       800x480@59.86     1050    525              - -      33.0000     210    30   10     22   13   10        den_pol=0, dclk_pol=1, LVDS_8BIT_1, OUT_P888; [ref]
a   mame.ini              800x480@59.993    1016    525      31.4961 - -      32.000       32   120   64     11    2   32        from mame.ini
e   Raspi DSI LCD         800x480@60         849    510              -?-?     25.9794       1     2   46      7    2   21        TC358762XBG DSI-DPI bridge; Raspberry Pi firmware, with HFP=1 plugged in and clock re-computed from that; [ref]
c   VGA VIA               800x480@60.00      992    500      29.7379 +?+?     29.500       24    72   96      3    7   10        fb.modes, VIA
e   LVDS TP070C01         800x480@60.257    1063    523      31.5146          33.500      164    10   89     10   10   23        AcmepointTP070C01; [ref]
e   LVDS TP070C01         800x480@60.257    1063    523      31.5146 - -      33.500      164    10   89     10   10   23        [ref]
e   TTL LW700AT9901       800x480@60.257    1063    523      31.5146 - -      33.500      164    10   89     10   10   23        [ref]
e   RGB NT35580           800x480@61.30      804    487              - -      24.0000       2     1    1      2    1    4        den_pol=0, dclk_pol=0, LVDS_8BIT_1, OUT_P888, needs init; [ref]
e   LVDS NT35510          800x480@63.41      820    500              - -      26.0000       8     4    8      8    4    8        den_pol=0, dclk_pol=1, LVDS_8BIT_1, OUT_P888, needs init; [ref]
e   RGB CPTclaa038la31xe  800x480@64.06      830    489              - -      26.0000      10    10   10      3    3    3        dclk_pol=0, OUT_P666, needs init; RK29 phone SDK; [ref]
e   RGB HSD800X480        800x480@67.16      936    525              - -      33.0000      40     8   88     32    3   10        den_pol=0, dclk_pol=0, LVDS_8BIT_1, OUT_P888; [ref]
e   RGB HDMI              800x480@67.66      929    525              - -      33.0000      40    88    1     13   29    3        den_pol=0, dclk_pol=1, LVDS_8BIT_1, OUT_P888; [ref]
e   RGB AT070TN93         800x480@84.42     1056    525              - -      46.8000     210    10   36     22   10   13        den_pol=0, dclk_pol=0, LVDS_8BIT_1, OUT_P888; [ref]
=====                     848x480 16:9      // security camera sensors, 480p; GoPro Hero 4 480p
=== W-PAL/WVGA            848x480 16:9      // wide-PAL; VESA 0.41M9, PDP standard; plasma displays; common Android devices; for 16:9 HDTV set (720x480 for 4:3); 480p
c   VGA VIA               848x480@60.00     1056    500      29.830  + +      31.5         24    80  104      3    5   12        fb.modes, VIA
S   DMT (v4l2)            848x480@60        1088    517      31.0202 + +      33.750       16   112  112      6    8   23        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_848X480P60
S   DMT v1.0 r11          848x480@60.000    1088    517      31.0202 + +      33.750       16   112  112      6    8   23        
=== FWVGA/WVGA 16:9       852x480 16:9      // wvga (ffmpeg); hd480 (ffmpeg); plasma displays, EDTV display panels; 480p
a   arcade TV EDTV        852x480i@29.969   1033    525      15.7338 - -      16.253       21    75   85      6    6   33        arcade/game modelines; TV NTSC EDTV
a   arcade TV EDTV        852x480@59.940    1336    525      31.4686 - -      42.042       74   197  213      8    6   31        arcade/game modelines; TV NTSC EDTV progressive
====WVGA 16:9             853x480 ~16:9
=== FWVGA/WVGA 16:9       854x480 ~16:9     // anamorphically unsqueezed NTSC DVD widescreen; projectors; Full WVGA; LCD/plasma TV format, common for cellphones in 2010; common Android devices
===                                         // several flavors - 848x480, 852x480, 856x480
=== FWVGA/WVGA 16:9       856x480 16:9
d   LuckyGold 42PX3RV     856x480@59        1064    505                       31.7         40    88   80      1    9   15        MythTV modelines, device-specific
c   VGA VIA               856x480@60.00     1064    497      29.820  + +      31.728       16    88  104      1    3   13        fb.modes, VIA
a   mame.ini              856x480@60.000    1080    525      31.5000 - -      34.020       32   128   64     11    2   32        from mame.ini
d   Toshiba TW40x81       856x480@60.252    1088    563      33.9219 - -      36.907       82    24  126     32   31   20        [ref]
=====                     864x480 9:5       // standard image size
====                      864x480           // 16:9 square pixel size of 720x480 source size, DV NTSC
t   SDTV NTSC             864x480i@29.97            525              - -      16.375
t   EDTV NTSC             864x480p@59.94            525              - -      32.75
a   mame.ini              864x480@59.996    1088    525      31.4982 - -      34.270       32   128   64     11    2   32        from mame.ini
====                      888x400p 1.85:1   // unscaled/Academy format 480p
d   Toshiba 50H81         880x480@59.947    1104    563              + +      37.26        64   104   56     26   14   43        MythTV modelines, device-specific; in540p
====                      912x480           // text 114x60 (char 8x8)
=====!                    960x480 2:1       // analog security cameras, 960H
t   SDTV NTSC             960x480i@29.970   1144    525      15.7343 - -      18.000       21.5                                  16:9, most common
t   EDTV NTSC             960x480p@59.940   1144    525      31.4685 - -      36.000       21.5                                  16:9, common
a   mame.ini              960x480@59.997    1208    525      31.4983 - -      38.050       32   144   72     11    2   32        from mame.ini
a   mame.ini              992x480@59.994    1256    525      31.4968 - -      39.560       40   152   72     11    2   32        from mame.ini
====                     1024x480           // text 128x30 (char 8x16)
a   mame.ini             1024x480@59.994    1296    525      31.4969 - -      40.820       40   152   80     11    2   32        from mame.ini
a   SailorSat usermodes  1024x480@60.000    1368    525      31.5000 - -      43.092       64   152  128     16   21    8        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
d   Sony PCG C1VE        1024x480@86.363    1344    560      48.3631 - -      65.000        8   144  168      8    6   66        [ref]
a   mame.ini             1056x480@59.994    1336    525      31.4970 - -      42.080       40   160   80     11    2   32        from mame.ini
a   mame.ini             1088x480@59.997    1368    525      31.4985 - -      43.090       40   160   80     11    2   32        from mame.ini
a   mame.ini             1120x480@59.997    1408    525      31.4986 - -      44.350       40   168   80     11    2   32        from mame.ini
a   mame.ini             1152x480@59.997    1448    525      31.4986 - -      45.610       40   168   88     11    2   32        from mame.ini
a   mame.ini             1184x480@59.995    1496    525      31.4973 - -      47.120       48   176   88     11    2   32        from mame.ini
a   mame.ini             1200x480@60.003    1512    525      31.5013 - -      47.630       48   176   88     11    2   32        from mame.ini
a   mame.ini             1216x480@59.995    1536    525      31.4974 - -      48.380       48   184   88     11    2   32        from mame.ini
a   mame.ini             1248x480@59.995    1576    525      31.4975 - -      49.640       48   184   96     11    2   32        from mame.ini
=====!                   1280x480 24:9      // standard image size
====                     1280x480           // wide image, or double-pixel 640x480
a   arcade HDTV 720p     1280x480i@29.969   1560    525      15.7340 - -      24.545       43   115  122      8    6   31        arcade/game modelines; avoids horizontal scaling
a   mame.ini             1280x480@59.995    1616    525      31.4975 - -      50.900       48   192   96     11    2   32        from mame.ini
a   mame.ini             1296x480@60.002    1632    525      31.5012 - -      51.410       48   192   96     11    2   32        from mame.ini
a   mame.ini             1312x480@59.998    1648    525      31.4988 - -      51.910       48   192   96     11    2   32        from mame.ini
a   mame.ini             1344x480@59.996    1696    525      31.4976 - -      53.420       48   200  104     11    2   32        from mame.ini
a   mame.ini             1376x480@59.996    1736    525      31.4977 - -      54.680       48   208  104     11    2   32        from mame.ini
a   mame.ini             1392x480@60.002    1752    525      31.5011 - -      55.190       48   208  104     11    2   32        from mame.ini
a   mame.ini             1408x480@59.996    1776    525      31.4977 - -      55.940       56   208  104     11    2   32        from mame.ini
====                     1440x480           // 720x480, doubled pixels
t   HDTV EDID            1440x480i@25       1716    524      15.7343 - -      27.00        38   124  114      8    6   30        MythTV modelines, HDTV EDID ModePool
T   EIA/CEA-861B         1440x480i@29.97    1716    525      15.7343 - -      27.000       38   124  114      9    6   30        [ref]
S   VIC=6 480i           1440x480i@29.97    1716    525      15.734           27.000                                             4:3  (pixel=8:9); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=6
S   VIC=7 480iH          1440x480i@29.97    1716    525      15.734           27.000                                             16:9 (pixel=32:27); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=7
T   EIA/CEA-861B         1440x480@59.94     1716    525      31.4685 - -      54.000       32   124  120      9    6   30        [ref]
S   VIC=14 480p2x        1440x480@59.94     1716    525      31.469           54.000                                             pixel doubling; 4:3 (pixel=4:9,8:9); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=14
S   VIC=15 480p2xH       1440x480@59.94     1716    525      31.469           54.000                                             pixel doubling; 16:9 (pixel=16:27,32:27); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=15
T   EIA/CEA-861B         1440x480i@30       1716    525      15.7500 - -      27.027       38   124  114      9    6   30        [ref]
T   EIA/CEA-861B         1440x480@60        1716    525      31.5000 - -      54.054       32   124  120      9    6   30        [ref]
a   mame.ini             1440x480@60.004    1824    525      31.5022 - -      57.460       56   216  112     11    2   32        from mame.ini
S   VIC=50 480i59        1440x480i@59.94*   1716    525      31.469           54.000                                             4:3  (pixel=16:15); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=50 vfreq=119.88/120
S   VIC=51 480i59H       1440x480i@59.94*   1716    525      31.469           54.000                                             16:9 (pixel=64:45); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=51 vfreq=119.88/120
S   VIC=58 480i119       1440x480i@119.88   1716    525      62.937          108.000                                             4:3  (pixel=8:9); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=58
S   VIC=59 480i119H      1440x480i@119.88   1716    525      62.937          108.000                                             16:9 (pixel=32:27); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=59
a   mame.ini             1472x480@60.004    1864    525      31.5021 - -      58.720       56   224  112     11    2   32        from mame.ini
a   mame.ini             1504x480@59.996    1896    525      31.4979 - -      59.720       56   224  112     11    2   32        from mame.ini
a   mame.ini             1536x480@59.996    1936    525      31.4979 - -      60.980       56   232  112     11    2   32        from mame.ini
a   mame.ini             1600x480@59.996    2016    525      31.4980 - -      63.500       56   240  120     11    2   32        from mame.ini
a   mame.ini             1664x480@60.004    2104    525      31.5019 - -      66.280       64   248  128     11    2   32        from mame.ini
a   mame.ini             1728x480@59.996    2176    525      31.4982 - -      68.540       64   256  128     11    2   32        from mame.ini
a   mame.ini             1792x480@59.997    2256    525      31.4982 - -      71.060       64   264  136     11    2   32        from mame.ini
a   mame.ini             1824x480@59.997    2296    525      31.4983 - -      72.320       64   272  136     11    2   32        from mame.ini
a   mame.ini             1856x480@60.003    2344    525      31.5017 - -      73.840       72   280  136     11    2   32        from mame.ini
a   arcade HDTV 1080i    1920x480i@30       2344    525      15.7342 - -      36.881       65   173  186      8    6   31        arcade/game modelines; avoids horizontal scaling, rescale vertical to half to avoid interlacing scaling issues
a   arcade HDTV 1080p    1920x480i@30       2344    525      15.7342 - -      36.881       65   173  186      8    6   31        arcade/game modelines; avoids horizontal scaling (misnomer? should be i)
a   GroovyMAME           2560x480i@29.999   3320    521      15.6295 - -      51.890      104   240  416      2    5   34        GroovyMAME arcade emulator
====                     2880x480           // 720x480, quadrupled pixels
S   VIC=10 480i4x        2880x480i@29.97    3432    525      15.734           54.000                                             pixel quadrupling; 4:3 (pixel=2:9-20:9); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=10
S   VIC=11 480i4xH       2880x480i@29.97    3432    525      15.734           54.000                                             pixel quadrupling; 16:9 (pixel=8:27-80:27); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=11
===                       768x483           // SMPTE 244M standard, NTSC; 4f(sc) sampling of 525/60 video; non-square pixels; 4x color subcarrier samplerate 14.318182 MHz
T   4f(sc) sampling       768x483i@29.970    910    525      15.7343          14.318182                                          see also 720x480
t   "NTSC-59.94i"         768x483i@29.971    912    525      15.7346          14.35        40    56   48      2    6   34        MythTV modelines, DTV-PCTweakedModes
t   "NTSC-59.94p"         768x483p@59.939    912    525      31.468           28.699       40    56   48      2    6   34        MythTV modelines, DTV-PCTweakedModes
======                    648x484 ~4:3      // CCD image sensor, CMOS image sensor
======                    768x484 192:121   // ~16:10; CCD image sensor
===L 567-line             ?x485             // historical tv; 567-line television system, proposal of Philips of the Netherlands, experimental, not deployed; theoretical res 740x485
====                      768x485           // variant on 768x483, 4f(sc) sampling; see 768x483
==L 486i,486p                               // variant on 480i,480p; less cutoff of overscan
====                      320x486           // approx. resolution of NTSC VHS, Betamax
====                      380x486           // approx. resolution of NTSC Betamax Superbeta
====                      440x486           // approx. resolution of NTSC
====                      580x486           // approx. resolution of NTSC LaserDisc
=====!                    712x486           // some inspection cameras
====                      712x486 4:3       // Clean Aperture area for 4:3D1 NTSC
t   NTSC525               712x486i@29.97     858    525      15.7    - -      13.5         24    63   59      6    6   27        MythTV modelines, NTSC525 itu-r/bt: 470 601 656
=== D1 NTSC               720x486           // video postprodution; D1 NTSC source size; 4:3 square pixel size 720x534, 16:9 square pixel size 872x486
===                                         // 525/59.94i uses 270 Mbit/s SDI link, SMPTE 259M-C; see 720x576 for PAL
====                      768x486 4:3       // uses 143 Mbit/s SMPTE 259M-A SDI line, obsolete
c   CVT 0.42M9-R          864x486@59.57     1024    500      29.79   + -      30.50        48    32   80      3    5    6        x86 extramodes
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)   864x486@59.57     1024    500      29.7852 + -      30.500       48    32   80      3    5    6        from EDID
c   CVT 0.42M9            864x486@59.92     1072    506      30.32   - +      32.50        24    80  104      3    5   12        x86 extramodes
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)   864x486@59.915    1072    506      30.3172 - +      32.500       24    80  104      3    5   12        from EDID
====                      872x486           // 16:9 square pixel size of 720x486 source size, D1 NTSC
====                      960x486 16:9      // 525i/59.94, format for 360 MBit/s SDI, SMPTE 259M-D
==                        720x487           // BT.656 resolution, SDI
S   SDI (v4l2)            720x487i@31.132    857    506      15.7526 + -      13.500       16   121    0      0   19    0 0 19 0 linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_SDI_720X487I60; FIRST_FIELD_EXTRA_LINE
======                    648x488 ~4:3      // CMOS image sensor, onboard processor
======                    780x488 ~16:10    // CCD image sensor
====                     1280x490           // IBM PowerPC 4, 63.6 kHz, 120 Hz (stereoscopic?)
======                    656x488 ~4:3      // CMOS image sensor, some with onboard processor
======                    656x492 4:3       // CMOS image sensor, some with onboard processor
======                    672x492 ~4:3      // CMOS image sensor
====                     1280x492           // Stereographics SGI, 63.9 kHz, 120 Hz
d   SGI GDM20E21         1280x492@120       1680    532      63.8393 - -     107.250       40   120  240      3    3   34        from EDID
======                    656x496 ~4:3      // CCD image sensor; CMOS image sensor, some with onboard camera
a   GroovyMAME            664x496i@29.489    872    539      15.8945 - -      13.860       32    64  112      3    5   35        GroovyMAME arcade emulator
a   GroovyMAME            664x496i@29.978    872    539      16.1583 - -      14.090       32    64  112      3    5   35        GroovyMAME arcade emulator
a   GroovyMAME           2560x496i@29.999   3360    539      16.1696 - -      54.330      112   256  432      3    5   35        GroovyMAME arcade emulator
a   mame.ini              688x496@58.234     864    541      31.5046 - -      27.220       24   104   48     11    2   32        from mame.ini
a   mame.ini             1600x496@58.222    2016    541      31.4980 - -      63.500       56   240  120     11    2   32        from mame.ini
a   mame.ini             1728x496@58.222    2176    541      31.4982 - -      68.540       64   256  128     11    2   32        from mame.ini
====0.24M3                480x500 4:3/24:25 // Teletext and Viewdata 40×25 character screens (PAL interlaced)
======                    680x500 34:25     // CCD image sensor; uncommon
===                       800x500 16:10     // VESA nonstd modes 367/256col,368/15b,369/16b,370/24b,371/32b; linux kernel vga=0x36f/256col,0x370/15b,0x371/16b,0x372/24b, nonstd 0x373/32b; may not work on some graphics cards
======                    768x506 ~3:2      // CMOS image sensor, onboard processor
======                    512x512 1:1       // CCD image sensor, CMOS image sensor
====                      512x512           // text 64x32 (char 8x16); Genoa; Avance Logic AL2101; Realtek RTVGA
a   mame.ini              512x512@56.437     648    557      31.4352 - -      20.370       16    80   40     11    2   32        from mame.ini
a   arcade monitor        512x512i@29.551    632    550      16.2532 - -      10.272        8    48   64      1    6   31        arcade/game modelines; fixed hsync freq arcade monitor
a   SailorSat 15kHz i     512x512i@29.116    668    545      15.8683 - -      10.600       26    56   74      1    3   29        soft-15kHz, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   arcade monitor        512x512i@30.00+    668    552      16.5599 - -      11.062       26    56   74      1    3   36        arcade/game modelines; fixed hsync freq arcade monitor, visible-retrace fix
a   SailorSat 31kHz p     512x512@58.260     668    545      31.7515 - -      21.210       26    56   74      1    3   29        soft-15kHz, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   SailorSat usermodes   512x512@60.000     680    525      31.5000 - -      21.420       32    72   64      4    7    2        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
======                    640x512 5:4       // thermal camera sensor
=== Amiga OCS PAL Hires   640x512i          // Commodore Amiga OCS full PAL Hires interlaced, "pal-lace"; Amiga resolution, ECS (2bpp)/AGA (8bpp) chipsets, "dblpal-ff"
c   VGA NVIDIA            640x512@60         844    533      63.981  + + DS   54.00        24    56  124      0    2   19        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)   640x512@60.020     844    533      63.9810 + + DS   54.000       24    56  124      0    2   19        from EDID
c   VGA NVIDIA            640x512@75         844    533      79.9763 + + DS   67.50         8    72  124      0    2   19        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
c   VGA NVIDIA            640x512@85         864    536      91.1458 + + DS   78.75        32    80  112      0    2   22        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
a   mame.ini              640x512@56.549     808    557      31.4975 - -      25.450       24    96   48     11    2   32        from mame.ini
======                    680x512 ~4:3      // CMOS image sensor
a   mame.ini              688x512@56.561     864    557      31.5046 - -      27.220       24   104   48     11    2   32        from mame.ini
a   mame.ini              712x512@56.545     896    557      31.4955 - -      28.220       24   104   56     11    2   32        from mame.ini
====                      720x512           // 
======                    768x512 3:2       // CCD image sensor
a   mame.ini              768x512@56.549     968    557      31.4979 - -      30.490       32   112   56     11    2   32        from mame.ini
====                      800x512           // Maxlogic MaxVGA, 16-color
a   mame.ini              800x512@56.546    1016    557      31.4961 - -      32.000       32   120   64     11    2   32        from mame.ini
c   VGA NVIDIA            800x512@60         835    533      64.012  - - DS   53.45        10    10   15      1    2   18        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)   800x512@60.166     832    515      61.9712 + + DS   51.560        0    28    4      0    2    1        from EDID
d   SGI flat panel        800x512@62.254     848    515      64.1215 + + DS   54.375        0    40    8      0    2    1        "800x512d32"; HSkew 7; T2R4 (Rev 4) and the Silicon Graphics Flat Panel [ref]
d   SGI flat panel        800x512@62.254     848    515      64.1215 + + DS   54.375        0    40    8      0    2    1        "800x512d16"; HSkew 5; T2R4 (Rev 4) and the Silicon Graphics Flat Panel [ref]
d   SGI flat panel        800x512@62.254     848    515      64.1215 + + DS   54.375        0    40    8      0    2    1        "800x512d08"; HSkew 1; T2R4 (Rev 4) and the Silicon Graphics Flat Panel [ref]
a   mame.ini              856x512@56.553    1080    557      31.5000 - -      34.020       32   128   64     11    2   32        from mame.ini
a   mame.ini              864x512@56.550    1088    557      31.4982 - -      34.270       32   128   64     11    2   32        from mame.ini
a   SailorSat 15kHz cust  896x512i@29.75    1152    536      15.9462 - -      18.370       32    96  128      2    6   16        soft-15kHz, 15kHz custom, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
====                      912x512 171:96    // videoconferencing
a   mame.ini              912x512@56.556    1152    557      31.5017 - -      36.290       32   136   72     11    2   32        from mame.ini
a   mame.ini              960x512@56.550    1208    557      31.4983 - -      38.050       32   144   72     11    2   32        from mame.ini
a   mame.ini              992x512@56.547    1256    557      31.4968 - -      39.560       40   152   72     11    2   32        from mame.ini
a   mame.ini             1024x512@56.547    1296    557      31.4969 - -      40.820       40   152   80     11    2   32        from mame.ini
c   VGA VIA              1024x512@60.00     1286    531      31.860  + +      41.291       32   104  126      1    3   15        fb.modes, VIA
a   mame.ini             1280x512@56.549    1616    557      31.4975 - -      50.900       48   192   96     11    2   32        from mame.ini
a   mame.ini             1312x512@56.551    1648    557      31.4988 - -      51.910       48   192   96     11    2   32        from mame.ini
a   mame.ini             1344x512@56.549    1696    557      31.4976 - -      53.420       48   200  104     11    2   32        from mame.ini
a   mame.ini             1376x512@56.549    1736    557      31.4977 - -      54.680       48   208  104     11    2   32        from mame.ini
a   mame.ini             1408x512@56.549    1776    557      31.4977 - -      55.940       56   208  104     11    2   32        from mame.ini
a   mame.ini             1472x512@56.557    1864    557      31.5021 - -      58.720       56   224  112     11    2   32        from mame.ini
a   mame.ini             1504x512@56.549    1896    557      31.4979 - -      59.720       56   224  112     11    2   32        from mame.ini
a   mame.ini             1536x512@56.549    1936    557      31.4979 - -      60.980       56   232  112     11    2   32        from mame.ini
a   mame.ini             1600x512@56.549    2016    557      31.4980 - -      63.500       56   240  120     11    2   32        from mame.ini
a   mame.ini             1664x512@56.556    2104    557      31.5019 - -      66.280       64   248  128     11    2   32        from mame.ini
a   mame.ini             1728x512@56.550    2176    557      31.4982 - -      68.540       64   256  128     11    2   32        from mame.ini
a   mame.ini             1824x512@56.550    2296    557      31.4983 - -      72.320       64   272  136     11    2   32        from mame.ini
a   mame.ini             1856x512@56.556    2344    557      31.5017 - -      73.840       72   280  136     11    2   32        from mame.ini
a   mame.ini             2176x512@56.556    2744    557      31.5015 - -      86.440       80   328  160     11    2   32        from mame.ini
a   SailorSat usermodes   704x513@60.000     936    525      31.5000 - -      29.484       48    88   96      4    6    2        soft-15kHz, usermodes [ref]
==L                       525/59.94                 525      15.750  com                 1.5us 4.7us 4.5us   3H   3H  16H        raw NTSC timing
==L                       525/60                    525      15.734  com                 1.5us 4.7us 4.5us   3H   3H  16H        raw NTSC timing
====                      858x525           // raw resolution of 720x480, for CCIR-601 sampling for NTSC; 13.5 MHz samplerate
====                      910x525           // raw resolution of 768x485, for 4f(sc) sampling for NTSC or 525/60; 14.318182 MHz samplerate
====                      200x525           // NTSC interlaced, 15.73 kHz, 60/30 Hz; NTSC noninterlaced, 15.73 kHz(?), 60 Hz
====                      700x525 4:3       // thumbnails
c   VGA NVIDIA            700x525@60         940    541      64.8936 + + DS   61.00        44    76  120      1    6    9        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)   700x525@59.976     940    541      64.8936 + + DS   61.000       44    76  120      1    6    9        from EDID
c   VGA NVIDIA            700x525@70         980    550      77.0408 + + DS   75.50        32    96  152      0    2   23        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
c   VGA NVIDIA            700x525@75         956    545      81.4854 + + DS   77.90        32   160   64      1    6   13        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
c   VGA NVIDIA            700x525@85         980    550      93.8776 + + DS   92.00        32    96  152      0    2   23        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
====                      840x525 16:10
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)   840x525@59.883     920    540      64.6739 + - DS   59.500       24    16   40      1    3   11        from EDID
c   VGA NVIDIA            840x525@60        1128    543      65.2216 + + DS   73.57        52    92  144      0    2   16        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)   840x525@60.005    1120    544      65.2857 - + DS   73.120       52    88  140      1    3   15        from EDID
====                      640x528           // text 80x66 (char 8x8), 80x30 (8x16)
====                      720x528           // 4:3 square pixel size of 720x480 source size, DV NTSC
====                      720x532           // IBM 3472 (terminal), 37.7 kHz, 67 Hz
====                      720x534           // 4:3 square pixel size of 720x486 source size, D1 NTSC
====                      960x536           // common Android devices
====                     1920x538 ~32:9     // very widescreen display, BenQ BH380, 38"; advertising "noodle" 
===                       640x540i 32:27    // for digital cameras, anamorphic decompression x1.5 to 16:9; @50 and @100 for cameras; see also 1280x1080i
a   arcade TV PAL         640x540i@25.0000   872    625      15.6250 - -      13.625       54    64  114     16    6   63        arcade/game modelines; TV PAL/SECAM, with borders, H: 4,8/4,8 V: 4/2
a   arcade TV PAL 5:4     675x540i@25.0000   920    625      15.6250 - -      14.375       57    68  120     16    6   63        arcade/game modelines; TV PAL/SECAM, with borders, H: 4,8/4,8 V: 4/2
=== EGA extended          720x540            // EGA with more memory, VGA; NTSC square pixel resize from 720x480/486
a   arcade TV PAL 4:3     720x540i@25.0000   984    625      15.6250 - -      15.375       61    73  130     16    6   63        arcade/game modelines; TV PAL/SECAM, with borders, H: 4,8/4,8 V: 4/2
cf  Sun GDM-20D10         720x540@105.99     912    569      60.3070 + +      55.000        8    48  136      1    3   25        [ref]
a   arcade TV PAL         768x540i@25.0000  1048    625      15.6250 - -      16.375       65    77  138     16    6   63        arcade/game modelines; TV PAL/SECAM, with borders, H: 4,8/4,8 V: 4/2
a   arcade TV PAL         800x540i@25.0000  1088    625      15.6250 - -      17.000       68    80  140     16    6   63        arcade/game modelines; TV PAL/SECAM, with borders, H: 4,8/4,8 V: 4/2
====                      900x540
=====!                    960x540 16:9      // standard image size
=== qHD, HDTV+, 540p      960x540 16:9      // 1/2x1/2 of 1920x1080; projectors; popular for high-end smartphones in early 2011; Playstation Vita, Jolla, Sony Xperia C, HTC Sensation, Motorola Droid RAZR, LG Optimus L9, Microsoft Lumia 535, Samsung Galaxy S4 Mini
===                                         // HDTV+ (HEVC codec), 16:9; some ferroelectric LCOS microdisplays
a   arcade TV PAL 16:9    960x540i@25.0000  1304    625      15.6250 - -      20.375       81    96  167     16    6   63        arcade/game modelines; TV PAL/SECAM, with borders, H: 4,8/4,8 V: 4/2
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)   960x540@59.629    1216    562      33.5115 - +      40.750       32    96  128      3    5   14        from EDID
c   CVT 0.52M9            960x540@59.63     1216    562      33.51   - +      40.75        32    96  128      3    5   14        x86 extramodes
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)   960x540@59.818    1120    556      33.2589 + -      37.250       48    32   80      3    5    8        from EDID
c   CVT 0.52M9-R          960x540@59.82     1120    556      33.26   + -      37.25        48    32   80      3    5    8        x86 extramodes
d   Mitsubishi WT-46809   960x540p@59.95    1104    563              + +      37.26        16    32   96      2    6   15        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)   960x540@59.963    1288    560      67.1584 - + DS   86.500       64   100  164      1    3   16        from EDID
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)   960x540@59.988    1040    555      66.5865 + - DS   69.250       24    16   40      1    3   11        from EDID
d   Toshiba 42H83         960x540p@60       1176    568              + +      40.86        32   152   32     11    6   11        MythTV modelines, device-specific
a   arcade TV PAL        1024x540i@25.0000  1392    625      15.6250 - -      21.750       87   102  179     16    6   63        arcade/game modelines; TV PAL/SECAM, with borders, H: 4,8/4,8 V: 4/2
a   arcade TV PAL        1072x540i@25.0000  1456    625      15.6250 - -      22.750       91   107  186     16    6   63        arcade/game modelines; TV PAL/SECAM, with borders, H: 4,8/4,8 V: 4/2
===                      1920x540 16:9/32:0 // 1920x1080, doubled lines, 1:2 pixel; can also be a noodle ultrawide stretched display
a   arcade HDTV 1080i    1920x540i@24.002   2360    651      15.6250 - -      36.875       55   174  211     32    6   73        arcade/game modelines; avoids horizontal scaling, rescale vertical to half to avoid interlacing scaling issues
a   arcade HDTV 1080i    1920x540i@25.0000  2360    625      15.6250 - -      36.875       55   174  211     23    5   57        arcade/game modelines; avoids horizontal scaling, rescale vertical to half to avoid interlacing scaling issues
d   Benq PE7700          1920x540@50.044    2640    562      28.1250 + +      74.250      528    44  148     34    5  -17        projector; from EDID
d   Camboard HDMIxDVI    1920x540@50.044    2640    562      28.1250 + +      74.250      528    44  148     34    5  -17
d   Benq PE7700          1920x540@60.053    2200    562      33.7500 + +      74.250       88    44  148      2    5   15        projector; from EDID
d   Camboard HDMIxDVI    1920x540@60.053    2200    562      33.7500 + +      74.250       88    44  148      2    5   15
c   1920x540             1920x540@60.053    2200    562      33.7500          74.250       88    44  148      2    5   15
a   GroovyMAME            728x544i@27.039    952    587      15.8718 - -      15.110       32    72  120      3    5   35        GroovyMAME arcade emulator
====0.52M9                960x544 ~16:9     // PlayStation Vita (PSV)
a   GroovyMAME           2560x544i@27.501   3360    587      16.1429 - -      54.240      112   256  432      3    5   35        GroovyMAME arcade emulator
======                    752x548 ~4:3      // CMOS image sensor
======                    720x560 ~5:4      // CMOS image sensor
======                    728x560 13:10     // CMOS image sensor
====                      800x560           // ATI EGA Wonder, 16-color; text 100x40 (8x14)
===L 567-line             567p/25           // historical tv; 567-line television system, proposal of Philips of the Netherlands, experimental, not deployed; theoretical res 740x485
H                         740x485              ?    567      14.1750
====                      225x575           // PAL interlaced, 15.6 kHz, 50/25 Hz;  PAL noninterlaced, 15.6 kHz(?), 50 Hz; 
====                      948x575           // see 948x576
====                      310x576           // approx. resolution of PAL VHS/Betamax
=== CVD PAL               352x576i@25       // CVD (China Video Disc), PAL, 576i@25; DVD 4:3; DVD recorder LP quality
====                      370x576           // approx. resolution of PAL Betamax Superbeta
====                      420x576           // approx. resolution of PAL S-VHS
====SVCD PAL              480x576 4:3,16:9  // SVCD (MPEG2) PAL, 576i@50; PAL 576i,p: SDTV, EDTV Rec.601, SMPTE 293M, ATSC DVB, ISDB, 4:3,16:9; some SAT broadcasts
t   SDTV PAL              480x576i@25                                - -      9                                                  SVCD (MPEG2)
t   EDTV PAL              480x576p@50                                - -     18
====                      520x576           // approx. resolution of PAL, PALplus
====SDTV PAL              544x486           // PAL 576i,p: SDTV, EDTV Rec.601, SMPTE 293M, ATSC DVB, ISDB, 4:3,16:9
t   SDTV PAL              544x576i@25.0000   648    625      15.6250 - -      10.125        9
t   EDTV PAL              544x576p@50.0000   648    625      31.2500 - -      20.25         9
====                      570x576           // approx. resolution of PAL LaserDisc
=====                     704x576           // many PAL cameras
=== 4CIF                  704x576 4:3/11:9  // 4cif (ffmpeg); 720x576, with 8 pixels on each side blanked; for digitizing analog SDTV to avoid loss on sides; Panasonic DVD-recorders
===                                         // DVD 4SIF 625 4:3; videoconferencing, H.263; 4SIF 625 PAL 576i,p: SDTV, EDTV Rec.601, SMPTE 293M, ATSC DVB, ISDB, 4:3,16:9
t   PAL625                702x576i@25.0000   864    625      15.6250 - -      13.5         20    63   79      5    5   39        MythTV modelines, PAL625 itu-r/bt: 470 601 656
t   PAL625                704x576i@25.0000   864    625      15.6250 - -      13.5         19    63   78      5    5   39        MythTV modelines, PAL625 itu-r/bt: 470 601 656
t   SDTV PAL   4SIF 625   704x576i@25.0000   864    625      15.6250 - -      13.5         12                                    720x576 with 1st/last 8 pixels blanked; DVD; also 4CIF, videoconferencing
t   EDTV PAL   4SIF 625   704x576p@50.0000   864    625      31.2500 - -      27           12                                    720x576 with 1st/last 8 pixels blanked; DVD; also 4CIF, videoconferencing
====                      720x576           // D1/DV PAL source size; 4:3 square pixel size 788x576, 16:9 square pixel size 1024x576
==  PAL625/576i           720x576           // video postprodution; CCIR-601 standard PAL, digital 625/50 video, 13.5 MHz sampling; D1-PAL; standard PAL DV resolution; DVD/Blu-Ray (4:3, anamorphic 16:9); Commodore Amiga max PAL res
==  DV PAL, D1 PAL                          // 625/50i uses 270 Mbit/s SDI link, SMPTE 259M-C; see 720x486 for NTSC; DVD D-1 PAL, 4:3,16:9; D-1 PAL 576i,p: SDTV, EDTV Rec.601, SMPTE 293M, ATSC DVB, ISDB, 4:3,16:9
==                                          // CCIR/Rec. 601 sampling: 0/255 encodes sync, black=16, white=235, 720 luma and 360 chroma samples per line; DVD recorder SP and XP quality; PAL CCTV digital video recorder mode
a   SailorSat 15kHz cust  720x576i@24.969    888    626      15.6306 - -      13.880       22    66   80      4    4   42        soft-15kHz, 15kHz custom, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   SailorSat 15kHz cust  720x576i@24.969    888    626      15.6306 - -      13.880       22    66   80      4    4   42        soft-15kHz, 15kHz custom, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
T   CCIR-601 sampling     720x576i@25.000    864    625      15.6250          13.5
t   HDTV EDID             720x576i@25.0000   864    624      15.6250 - -      13.50        12    63   69      4    6   38        MythTV modelines, HDTV EDID ModePool
T   SDTV PAL   D-1 PAL    720x576i@25.0000   864    625      15.6250 - -      13.5         12     [132]     2.5  2.5   19     20 CCIR-601 sampling standard
t   PAL625                720x576i@25.0000   864    625      15.6250 - -      13.5         12    63   69      5    5   39        MythTV modelines, PAL625 itu-r/bt: 470 601 656
a   arcade TV PAL         720x576i@25.000    888    625      15.6250 - -      13.875       21    65   82      5    5   39        arcade/game modelines; TV PAL
t   no-scaling PAL video  720x576i@25.000    888    625      15.6250 - -      13.875       21    65   82      5    5   39        arcade/game modelines; TV PAL, CCIR-601, avoids 720-to-768px scaling artefacts
a   SailorSat tv          720x576i@25.001    936    648      16.2009 - -      15.164       80    96   40     12    4   56        soft-15kHz, TV, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   PSX 288p mode         720x576@49.761     864    628      31.2500 - -      27.000       12    64   68      5    6   41        "PSX_288p_x2", test of display, 314 lines become 628 when linedoubled [ref]
S   VIC=17 576p           720x576@50.000     864    625      31.25            27.000                                             4:3  (pixel=16:15); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=17
S   VIC=18 576pH          720x576@50.000     864    625      31.25            27.000                                             16:9 (pixel=64:45); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=18
S   CEA861 (v4l2)         720x576@50.0000    864    625      31.2500 - -      27.000       12    64   68      5    5   39        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_CEA_720X576P50; IS_CE_VIDEO,HAS_PICTURE_ASPECT,HAS_CEA861_VIC
T   EIA/CEA-861B          720x576@50.0000    864    625      31.2500 - -      27.000       12    64   68      5    5   39        [ref]
d   Benq PE7700           720x576@50.000     864    625      31.2500 - -      27.000       12    64   68      5    5   39        projector; from EDID
d   Camboard HDMIxDVI     720x576@50.000     864    625      31.2500 - -      27.000       12    64   68      5    5   39
t   HDTV EDID             720x576@50.0000    864    625      31.2500 - -      27.00        12    64   68      5    5   39        MythTV modelines, HDTV EDID ModePool
t   PAL625                720x576@50.0000    864    625      31.2500 - -      27           12    63   69      5    5   39        MythTV modelines, PAL625 itu-r/bt: 470 601 656
t   EDTV PAL   D-1 PAL    720x576p@50.0000   864    625      31.2500 - -      27           12
e   many LPC processors   720x576@50.000     864    625      31.2500 + +      27.000       16    62   66      9    6   34        [ref]
a   arcade TV             720x576@50.0006   1152    626      31.3003 - -      36.058       54   170  208      5    5   40        arcade/game modelines; TV PAL EDTV progressive
S   CEA861 (v4l2)         720x576i@26.042    864    600      15.6250 - -      13.500       12    63   69      2    3   19 2 3 20 linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_CEA_720X576I50; HALF_LINE,IS_CE_VIDEO,HAS_PICTURE_ASPECT,HAS_CEA861_VIC
c   VGA VIA               720x576@60.00      912    597      35.820  +?+?     32.668       24    72   96      1    3   17        fb.modes, VIA
S   VIC=42 576p100        720x576@100        864    625      62.50            54.000                                             4:3  (pixel=16:15); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=42
S   VIC=43 576p100H       720x576@100        864    625      62.50            54.000                                             16:9 (pixel=64:45); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=43
S   VIC=52 576p200        720x576@200        864    625     125.00           108.000                                             4:3  (pixel=16:15); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=52
S   VIC=53 576p200H       720x576@200        864    625     125.00           108.000                                             16:9 (pixel=64:45); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=53

======                    768x576 4:3       // CMOS image sensor, onboard processor
== DC50, PAL              768x576 4:3       // standard PAL; "square pixel PAL", square-pixel 625/50 digital video
t   SDTV PAL              768x576i@25.0000   944    625      15.6250 - -      14.75        13                                    4:3 square
t   PAL625                768x576i@25.0000   944    625      15.6250 - -      14.75        21    69   86      5    5   39        MythTV modelines, PAL625 itu-r/bt: 470 601 656
t   standard PAL video    768x576i@25.0000   944    625      15.6250 - -      14.750       22    69   85      5    5   39        arcade/game modelines; TV PAL, general purpose, square pixels
a   SailorSat tv          768x576i@25.001    944    626      15.6504 - -      14.774       16    64   96      5    5   40        soft-15kHz, TV, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
t   EDTV PAL              768x576p@50.000    944    625      31.2500 - -      29.50        13                                    4:3 square
t   PAL625                768x576@50.000     944    625      31.2500 - -      29.5         21    69   86      5    5   39        MythTV modelines, PAL625 itu-r/bt: 470 601 656
cf  IBM 6091-19           768x576@59.837    1072    608      72.7612 - - DS   78.000       24    96  184      3    6   23        historical monitor, 5-BNC; nonstandard timing [ref]
C   GTF/VESA              768x576@59.999     976    597      35.8197 - +      34.960       24    80  104      1    3   17        common X11 modelines; VESA [ref]
c   VGA GTF               768x576@60         976    597      35.82   - +      34.96        24    80  104      1    3   17        MHi modelines table
c   VGA GTF               768x576@72         992    601      43.27   - +      42.93        32    80  112      1    3   21        MHi modelines table
C   GTF/VESA              768x576@72.007     992    601      43.2762 - +      42.930       32    80  112      1    3   21        common X11 modelines; VESA [ref]
C   GTF/VESA              768x576@74.998    1008    602      45.1488 - +      45.510       40    80  120      1    3   22        common X11 modelines; VESA [ref]
c   VGA GTF               768x576@75        1008    602      45.15   - +      45.51        40    80  120      1    3   22        MHi modelines table
t   VGA ATI               768x576@75        1056    621      46.58   - -      49.188       32   128  128      8    5   32        fb.modes, ATI, "for normal tvs"
d   TV fullscreen         768x576@79.365    1000    630      50.0000          50.000       64    14  154     14    5   35        [ref]
C   GTF/VESA              768x576@85.006    1008    605      51.4286 - +      51.840       40    80  120      1    3   25        common X11 modelines; VESA [ref]
c   VGA GTF               768x576@85        1008    605      51.42   - +      51.84        40    80  120      1    3   25        MHi modelines table
d   TV fullscreen         768x576@99.987    1024    616      61.5918          63.070       32   160   64      2   12   26        [ref]
c   VGA GTF               768x576@100       1024    611      61.1    - +      62.57        48    80  128      1    3   31        MHi modelines table
c   GTF/VESA              768x576@100.01    1024    611      61.1035 - +      62.570       48    80  128      1    3   31        common X11 modelines; VESA [ref]
d   HP P1230 monitor      768x576@160.25    1056    640     102.5568         108.300        0     0  288      2    5   57        xorg modeline, community-supported [ref]
====                      788x576           // 4:3 square pixel size of 720x576 source size, D1/DV PAL
===                       948x576 4:3       // PAL, 4f(sc) sampling of 625/50 digital video; 4x color carrier samplerate 17.734475 MHz, 1135 total samples per line
===                                         // uses 177 Mbit/s SMPTE 259M-B SDI line, obsolete
T   4f(sc) sampling       948x576i@25.000   1135    625      15.6251          17.734475
t   SDTV PAL              960x576i@25.000   1152    625      15.6250 - -      18           16
t   EDTV PAL              960x576p@50.000   1152    625      31.2500 - -      36           16
====                     1024x576           // 16:9 square pixel size of 720x570 source size, D1/DV PAL
=== WSVGA, PAL 16:9      1024x576 16:9      // 16:9 square pixel; 7-10" screens; ultramobile PCs, netbooks, tablets; full 1024pix XGA width, full PAL height, for 625/50 video; quadruples to 2048x1152
t   SDTV PAL   WSVGA     1024x576i@25               625              - -      19.67                                              16:9 square pixel
a   SailorSat 15kHz cust 1024x576i@25.008   1328    626      15.6551 - -      20.790       48   104  152      4    4   42        soft-15kHz, 15kHz custom, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
t   EDTV PAL             1024x576p@50               625              - -      39.33                                              16:9 square pixel
c   CVT 0.59M9-R         1024x576@59.82     1184    593      35.47   + -      42.00        48    32   80      3    5    9        x86 extramodes
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)  1024x576@59.82     1184    593      35.4730 + -      42.000       48    32   80      3    5    9        from EDID
c   CVT 0.59M9           1024x576@59.90     1296    599      35.88   - +      46.50        40    96  136      3    5   15        x86 extramodes
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)  1024x576@59.899    1296    599      35.8796 - +      46.500       40    96  136      3    5   15        from EDID
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)  1024x576@59.953    1376    597      71.5843 - + DS   98.500       68   108  176      1    3   17        from EDID
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)  1024x576@59.963    1104    592      70.9964 + - DS   78.380       24    16   40      1    3   12        from EDID
a   arcade HDTV 720p     1280x576i@25.000   1576    625      15.6250 - -      24.625       37   116  143      5    5   39        arcade/game modelines; avoids horizontal scaling
====                     1440x576           // double-width 720x576 PAL
T   EIA/CEA-861B         1440x576i@25       1728    625      15.6250 - -      27.000       24   126  138      5    6   38        [ref]
S   VIC=21 576i          1440x576i@25       1728    625      15.625           27.000                                             4:3  (pixel=16:15); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=21
S   VIC=22 576iH         1440x576i@25       1728    625      15.625           27.000                                             16:9 (pixel=64:45); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=22
t   HDTV EDID            1440x576i@25       1728    624      15.625  - -      27.00        24   126  138      4    6   38        MythTV modelines, HDTV EDID ModePool
T   EIA/CEA-861B         1440x576@50        1728    625      31.2500 - +      54.000       24   128  136      5    5   39        [ref]
S   VIC=29 576p2x        1440x576@50        1728    625      31.25            54.000                                             pixel doubling; 4:3 (pixel=8:15,16:15); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=29
S   VIC=30 576p2xH       1440x576@50        1728    625      31.25            54.000                                             pixel doubling; 16:9 (pixel=32:45,64:45); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=30
S   VIC=44 576i50        1440x576i@50       1728    625      31.250           54.000                                             4:3  (pixel=16:15); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=44; 100 Hz
S   VIC=45 576i50H       1440x576i@50       1728    625      31.250           54.000                                             16:9 (pixel=64:45); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=45; 100 Hz
S   VIC=54 576i100       1440x576i@100      1728    625      62.500          108.000                                             4:3  (pixel=16:15); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=54; 200 Hz
S   VIC=55 576i100H      1440x576i@100      1728    625      62.500          108.000                                             16:9 (pixel=64:45); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=55; 200 Hz
a   arcade HDTV 1080p    1920x576i@25.000   2360    625      15.6250 - -      36.875       55   174  211      5    5   39        arcade/game modelines; avoids horizontal scaling
====                     2880x576           // quad-width 720x576 PAL
S   VIC=25 576i4x        2880x576i@50.00    3456    625      15.6250          54.000                                             pixel quadrupling; 4:3 (pixel=2:15-20:15); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=25; 100 Hz
S   VIC=26 576i4xH       2880x576i@50.00    3456    625      15.6250          54.000                                             pixel quadrupling; 16:9 (pixel=16:45-160:45); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=26; 100 Hz
S   VIC=37 576p4x        2880x576@50.00     3456    625      31.2500         108.000                                             pixel quadrupling; 4:3 (pixel=4:15,8:15,16:15); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=37
S   VIC=38 576p4xH       2880x576@50.00     3456    625      31.2500         108.000                                             pixel quadrupling; 16:9 (pixel=16:45,32:45,64:45); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=38
=== 625-line TV          1500x580i
H   old TV, 625-line     1500x580i@25.005   1720    625      15.6279 - -      26.880        8    97  115      2   14   29        old British 625-line TV; [ref]
cf  Sun GDM-20D10         720x600@95.574     912    631      60.3070 + +      55.000        8    48  136      0    3   28        [ref]
=====!                    800x600 4:3       // common image size; CMOS image sensor, some with onboard processor
====                      800x600           // text 100x37 (char 8x16), 100x40 (8x15), 100x42 (8x14), 100x75 (8x8)
==  SVGA                  800x600 4:3       // svga (ffmpeg); VESA 0.48M3, established standard; extension to VGA by IBM (1987), VESA standard; projectors; common Android devices
==                                          // VESA standard modes 258/16col,259/256col,275/15b,276/16b,277/24b, nonstd 302/24b; linux kernel vga=0x302/16col,0x303/256col,0x313/15b,0x314/16b,0x315/17b,nonstd 814/32b
==                                          // VESA, 35.2 kHz, 56 Hz; VESA, 37.9 kHz, 60 Hz; VESA, 48.1 kHz, 72 Hz
==                                          // eink 6": standard for older ebooks; Kindle gen7, Pocketbook 360+/Touch/Basic/614, Nook Simple Touch, Cybook Odyssey/Orizon, Movistar, Elonex 621EB, Icarus, Hanlin V5, Kobo Touch 2, eClicto, Manta Ebook04, Pyrus,
a   arcade monitor        800x600i@25.001    992    638      15.9506 - -      15.823        8    75  109      1    6   31        arcade/game modelines; fixed hsync freq arcade monitor
a   SailorSat 15kHz i     800x600i@25.273   1040    627      15.8462 - -      16.480       40    80  120      2    3   22        soft-15kHz, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
d   Infocus Screenplay    800x600p@49.1     1000    632      31.0             31.00        24    16  160      2    1   29        MythTV modelines, device-specific; Infocus Screenplay X1A
a   SailorSat 31kHz p     800x600@50.546    1040    627      31.6923 - -      32.960       40    80  120      2    3   22        soft-15kHz, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
d   Phillips 190b6        800x600@50         960    625      31.25   + +      30           14    70   76      1    5   19        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Samsung HL-R5678W     800x600@56        1040    625              + +      36.018       48    72  120      1    2   22        MythTV modelines, device-specific
c   VGA                   800x600@56        1088    619                       38.1         32   128  128      1    4   14        Rick Ballantyne, Xilinx Inc. TABLE 1 VGA CORE VIDEO MODE
c   VGA                   800x600@56        1024    625                       36           24    72  128     -1    1             MHi "nonstandard standard" table (+6 to active width, -3 each to front/back porch)
c   VGA                   800x600@56        1024    625              + +      36           24    72  128      1    2   22        MHi modelines table
c   VESA                  800x600@56        1024    625      35.1562 + +      36.00        24    72  128      1    2   22        MythTV modelines, VESA ModePool
c   VGA NVIDIA            800x600@56        1024    625      35.1562 + +      36.00        24    72  128      1    2   22        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
c   VESA 1                800x600@56        1024    625      35.2    + +      36.0         24    72  128      1    2   22        MHi modelines table
C   SVGA/VESA             800x600@56.250    1024    625      35.1562 + +      36.000       24    72  128      1    2   22        common X11 modelines; Established Timing?; VESA [ref]
S!  DMT (v4l2)            800x600@56.250    1024    625      35.1562 + +      36.000       24    72  128      1    2   22        Established Timing; linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_800X600P56
S   DMT v1.0 r11          800x600@56.250    1024    625      35.1562 + +      36.000       24    72  128      1    2   22        @56 Hz
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)   800x600@56.250    1024    625      35.1562 + +      36.000       24    72  128      1    2   22        from EDID
c   VGA ATI               800x600@56.250    1024    625      35.156  + +      36           24    72  128      1    2   22        fb.modes, ATI
e   many LPC processors   800x600@56.250    1024    625      35.1562 + +      36.000       24    72  128      1    2   22        [ref]
d   Toshiba TW40x81       800x600i@29.716   1704   1125      33.4302 + +      56.965      400    32  472    250   25  250        [ref]
cf  IBM 6091-19           800x600@59.904    1080    626      75.0000 - - DS   81.000        4   104  172      4   18    4        historical monitor, 5-BNC; nonstandard timing [ref]
d   HP P1230 monitor      800x600@59.975    1024    622      37.3047          38.200        0     0  224      1    2   19        xorg modeline, community-supported [ref]
e   RGB A080SN03          800x600@60.26     1057    628              - -      40.0000     210     1   46      2    3   23        den_pol=0, dclk_pol=1, LVDS_8BIT_1, OUT_P888; [ref]
d   Samsung HL-R5678W     800x600@60        1056    628              + +      40.025       56   128   72      1    4   23        MythTV modelines, device-specific
c   VGA NVIDIA            800x600@60        1080    625      75      + + DS   81.00        32    96  152      0    2   23        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)   800x600@60.000    1080    625      75.0000 + + DS   81.000       32    96  152      0    2   23        from EDID
c   VGA                   800x600@60        1056    628?                      40           40   128   88      1    4   23        Rick Ballantyne, Xilinx Inc. TABLE 1 VGA CORE VIDEO MODE
c   VGA                   800x600@60        1056    628                       40           40   128   88     -1    4             MHi "nonstandard standard" table (+6 to active width, -3 each to front/back porch)
c   VGA                   800x600@60        1056    628              + +      40           40   128   88      1    4   23        MHi modelines table
c   VESA                  800x600@60        1056    628      37.8788 + +      40.00        40   128   88      1    4   23        MythTV modelines, VESA ModePool
c   VGA NVIDIA            800x600@60        1056    628      37.8788 + +      40.00        40   128   88      1    4   23        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
c   "VESA 5"              800x600@60        1056    628      37.9    + +      40.0         40   128   88      1    4   23        MHi modelines table
t   HDTV EDID             800x600@60        1056    628      37.8788 + +      40.00        40   128   88      1    4   23        MythTV modelines, HDTV EDID ModePool
c   VGA ATI/VIA           800x600@60.32     1056    628      37.879  + +      40           40   128   88      1    4   23        fb.modes, ATI, VIA
C   SVGA/VESA             800x600@60.317    1056    628      37.8788 + +      40.000       40   128   88      1    4   23        common X11 modelines; Established Timing?; VESA [ref]
S!  DMT (v4l2)            800x600@60.317    1056    628      37.8788 + +      40.000       40   128   88      1    4   23        Established Timing; linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_800X600P60
S   DMT v1.0 r11          800x600@60.317    1056    628      37.8788 + +      40.000       40   128   88      1    4   23        STD (45 50)
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)   800x600@60.317    1056    628      37.8788 + +      40.000       40   128   88      1    4   23        from EDID
d   NEC LCD1960NX         800x600@60.02     1688   1066      63.9810 + +     108.000      528   112  248    425    3   38        from EDID; same clock and overall resolution for all modes, size by porches
c   VGA NVIDIA            800x600@65        1080    625      81.25   + +      87.75        32    96  152      0    2   23        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
c   VGA NVIDIA            800x600@70        1080    625      87.5    + +      94.50        32    96  152      0    2   23        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
c   VGA ATI               800x600@70.04     1008    636      44.544  + -      44.9         24   144   40      9   12   15        fb.modes, ATI
d   Compaq 171FS          800x600@72        1040    631              - -      47.44        32   176   32     12    7   12        [ref]
c   VGA                   800x600@72        1040    666                       50           56   120   64     37    6   23        Rick Ballantyne, Xilinx Inc. TABLE 1 VGA CORE VIDEO MODE
c   VGA                   800x600@72        1040    666?                      50           56   120   64     35    6   25?       MHi "nonstandard standard" table (+6 to active width, -3 each to front/back porch)
c   "VESA 6"              800x600@72        1040    666      48.0769 + +      50.00        56   120   64     37    6   23        MythTV modelines, VESA ModePool
c   VGA NVIDIA            800x600@72        1040    666      48.0769 + +      50.00        56   120   64     37    6   23        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
C   VESA                  800x600@72.188    1040    666      48.0769 + +      50.000       56   120   64     37    6   23        common X11 modelines; Established Timing?; VESA [ref]
S!  DMT (v4l2)            800x600@72.188    1040    666      48.0769 + +      50.000       56   120   64     37    6   23        Established Timing; linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_800X600P72
S   DMT v1.0 r11          800x600@72.188    1040    666      48.0769 + +      50.000       56   120   64     37    6   23        STD (45 4C)
c   VGA VESA              800x600@72        1040    666      48.1    + +      50.0         56   120   64     37    6   23        MHi modelines table
c   VGA ATI               800x600@72.19     1040    666      48.090  + +      50           56   120   64     37    6   23        fb.modes, ATI
l   Thinkpad X61 lower    800x600@75.00     1040    627                       48.91        40    80  120      1    3   23
e   LVDS                  800x600@75.0      1040    629      49.00   - +      49.00        40    80  120      3    4   22
c   VGA                   800x600@75        1056    624                       49.5         16    80  160      1    2   21        Rick Ballantyne, Xilinx Inc. TABLE 1 VGA CORE VIDEO MODE
S!  DMT (v4l2)            800x600@75.000    1056    625      46.8750 + +      49.500       16    80  160      1    3   21        Established Timing; linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_800X600P75
S   DMT v1.0 r11          800x600@75.000    1056    625      46.8750 + +      49.500       16    80  160      1    3   21        STD (45 4F)
C   VESA                  800x600@75.00     1056    625      46.8750 + +      49.500       16    80  160      1    3   21        common X11 modelines; Established Timing?; VESA [ref]
c   VESA                  800x600@75        1056    625      46.875  + +      49.50        16    80  160      1    3   21        MythTV modelines, VESA ModePool
c   VGA VESA              800x600@75        1056    625      46.9    + +      49.5         16    80  160      1    3   21        MHi modelines table
c   VGA NVIDIA            800x600@75        1056    625      46.875  + +      49.50        16    80  160      1    3   21        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
c   VGA ATI/VIA           800x600@75.00     1056    625      46.875  + +      49.5         16    80  160      1    3   21        fb.modes, ATI, VIA
d   HP P1230 monitor      800x600@75.071    1055    625      46.9194          49.500       40    68  147      1    2   22        xorg modeline, factory-supplied [ref]
c   VGA NVIDIA            800x600@75        1080    625      93.75   + + DS  101.25        32    96  152      0    2   23        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
cf  Sun GDM20D10          800x600@75.9999   1256    794      60.3439 + +      75.792      104   160  192     81    3  110        [ref]
C   SXGA modes 102/103    800x600@85.061    1048    631      53.6737 + +      56.250       32    64  152      1    3   27        SXGA [ref]
S   DMT (v4l2)            800x600@85.061    1048    631      53.6737 + +      56.250       32    64  152      1    3   27        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_800X600P85
S   DMT v1.0 r11          800x600@85.061    1048    631      53.6737 + +      56.250       32    64  152      1    3   27        STD (45 59)
c   VGA                   800x600@85        1048    631                       56.25        32    64  152      1    3   27        Rick Ballantyne, Xilinx Inc. TABLE 1 VGA CORE VIDEO MODE
c   VGA VIA               800x600@85.061    1048    631      53.674  + +      56.25        32    64  152      1    3   27        fb.modes, VIA
c   VGA VESA              800x600@85        1048    631      53.7    + +      56.3         32    64  152      1    3   27        MHi modelines table
c   VESA                  800x600@85        1048    631      53.7214 + +      56.30        32    64  152      1    3   27        MythTV modelines, VESA ModePool
c   VGA NVIDIA            800x600@85        1048    631      53.7214 + +      56.30        32    64  152      1    3   27        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
d   HP P1230 monitor      800x600@85.002    1048    632      53.7214          56.300       39    66  143      1    3   28        xorg modeline, factory-supplied [ref]
c   VGA NVIDIA            800x600@85        1080    625     106.25   + + DS  114.75        32    96  152      0    2   23        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
c   VESA                  800x600@85.137    1048    631      53.7214 + +      56.300       32    64  152      1    3   27        common X11 modelines
d   NEC LCD1850E          800x600@85.137    1048    631      53.7214 + +      56.300       32    64  152      1    3   27        [ref]
d   iMac display          800x600@86.167    1088    640      55.1471 - -      60.000       64    64  160      4    6   30        [ref]
c   VGA ATI               800x600@89.92      992    635      57.097  + +      56.64         8    64  120      8   11   16        fb.modes, ATI
d   Compaq 171FS          800x600@90        1096    631              - -      62.57        32   232   32     11    9   11        [ref]
d   Apple iMac G3         800x600@93.168    1040    644      60.0000 + +      62.400       21    80  139      9    3   32        [ref]
d   Apple iMac            800x600@94.871    1040    632      59.9587 + +      62.357       21    80  139      1    3   28        [ref]
c   VGA ATI               800x600i@48.195   1064    702      33.835  + +      36           80   128   56     11   12   79        fb.modes, ATI
d   Compaq 171FS          800x600@98        1128    631              - -      69.84        32   264   32     10   10   11        [ref]
cf  Sun GDM-20D10         800x600@98.293    1048    631      62.0229 + +      65.000       16    64  168      0    3   28        [ref]
c                         800x600@100.00    1072    636      63.5998 + +      68.179       48    88  136      1    3   32        common X11 modelines
c   VGA GTF               800x600@100       1072    636      63.6    - +      68.18        48    88  136      1    3   32        MHi modelines table
c   VESA                  800x600@100.001   1072    636      63.6    - +      68.18        48    88  136      1    3   32        VESA [ref] (can be 68.179MHz clock?)
c   VGA ATI/VIA           800x600@100.00    1080    625      62.500  + +      67.5          0    64  216      7    4   14        fb.modes, ATI, VIA
S   DMT+CVT RB (v4l2)     800x600@119.97     960    636      76.3021 + -      73.250       48    32   80      3    4   29        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_800X600P120_RB; REDUCED_BLANKING
S   DMT v1.0 r11          800x600@119.97     960    636      76.3021 + -      73.250       48    32   80      3    4   29        CVT (RB)
c   VGA VIA               800x600@120.00    1088    636      77.160  + +      83.95        56    88  144      1    3   39        fb.modes, VIA
d   HP P1230 monitor      800x600@160.01    1104    668     106.8841         118.000        0     0  304      2    5   61        xorg modeline, community-supported [ref]
d   Apple Powerbook G3    800x600@186.01     840    640     119.0476 - -     100.000       16     8   16     16    8   16        [ref]
===                       960x600 16:10     // VESA 0.58MA
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)   960x600@59.930    1296    622      74.5525 - + DS   96.620       68   100  168      1    3   18        from EDID
c   VGA VIA               960x600@60.00     1216    624      37.212  - -      45.250       32    96  128      3    6   15        fb.modes, VIA
c   VGA NVIDIA            960x600@60        1296    621      74.5216 + + DS   96.58        64   104  168      0    2   19        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)   960x600@60.00+    1040    617      74.0385 + - DS   77.000       24    16   40      1    3   13        from EDID
c   VGA NVIDIA            960x600@73        1264    625      90.981  - - DS  115.00         8    80  216      0    2   23        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
====                     1000x600           // some sub-HD high-quality video, above 640x480
c   VGA VIA              1000x600@60.00                      37.320  - +?     48.068       40   104  144      1    3   18        fb.modes, VIA
=== WSVGA                1024x600 128:75    // between 15:9 and 16:9; 7-10" screens; ultramobile PCs, netbooks, tablets; full 1024pix XGA width; common Android devices; Kindle Fire, Nook Color
d   7" Waveshare HDMI    1024x600@43.066    1152    645      27.7778 - -      32.000       40    48   40     13    3   29        from EDID; [ref]
a   arcade monitor       1024x600i@25.0     1264    638      16.0    - -      20.161        8    95  137      1    6   31        arcade/game modelines; fixed hsync freq arcade monitor
a   SailorSat 15kHz i    1024x600i@25.1     1328    627      15.7380 - -      20.900       48   104  152      7    3   17        soft-15kHz, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
a   SailorSat 31kHz p    1024x600@50.201    1328    627      31.4759 - -      41.800       48   104  152      7    3   17        soft-15kHz, SailorSat's arcade emulator modes [ref]
e   RGB BM800480         1024x600@56.37     1313    635              - -      47.0000     119    10  160      9    3   23        den_pol=0, dclk_pol=0, LVDS_8BIT_1, OUT_P888; for BYD 5' LCD BM800480-8545FTGE; [ref]
e   LVDS HH070D          1024x600@57.98     1344    770              - -      60.0000     120   100  100    150   10   10        den_pol=0, dclk_pol=1, LVDS_8BIT_2; [ref]
e   RGB B101AW06         1024x600@58.10     1214    638              - -      45.0000     100    10   80     18   10   10        den_pol=0, dclk_pol=0, LVDS_8BIT_1, OUT_D888_P666; [ref]
e   RGB HV070WSA         1024x600@58.59     1344    635              - -      50.0000     120   100  100     15   10   10        den_pol=0, dclk_pol=0, LVDS_8BIT_2, OUT_P888; [ref]
d   LS-7T display module 1024x600@59.852    1312    624      37.3476 - +      49.000       48    96  144      3   10   11        HDMI/DVI/VGA 7" touchscreen display, buggy EDID [ref]
c   VGA VIA              1024x600@60.00     1312    622      37.252  - -      48.875       40   104  144      1    3   18        fb.modes, VIA; commented out
c   GTF                  1024x600@59.995    1312    622      37.3171 - +      48.960       40   104  144      1    3   18        common X11 modelines
c   VGA VIA              1024x600@60.00     1312    622      37.320  - -      48.964       40   104  144      1    3   18        fb.modes, VIA
d   7" HDMI MPI7002, pri 1024x600@60.04     1312    622              - +      49.000        5    13  270      2    3   17        from EDID, hands-on hardware, native mode, mode #0; flags: nhsync, pvsync; type: preferred, userdef, driver
e   RGB E242868          1024x600@60.85     1274    645              - -      50.0000     210    30   10     22   13   10        den_pol=0, dclk_pol=0, LVDS_8BIT_1, OUT_P888; [ref]
e   LVDS/RGB SK616       1024x600@66.79     1344    635              - -      57.0000     160    20  140     12    3   20        den_pol=0, dclk_pol=1(LVDS)/0(RGB), LVDS_8BIT_1, OUT_P888; [ref]
e   RGB AT070TNA2        1024x600@68.22     1344    638              - -      58.5000     210    10  100     18   10   10        den_pol=0, dclk_pol=0, LVDS_8BIT_1, OUT_D888_P666; [ref]
e   LVDS SKLVDS1024x600  1024x600@70.46     1152    616              - -      50.0000      18    10  100      6    2    8        den_pol=0, dclk_pol=0, LVDS_8BIT_1, OUT_P888; [ref]
e   LVDS/RGB SK616       1024x600@70.95     1293    654              - -      60.0000     119    10  140     30    6   18        den_pol=0, dclk_pol=1(LVDS)/0(RGB), LVDS_8BIT_1, OUT_P888, has dsp_lut; [ref]
e   LVDS/RGB HDMI        1024x600@76.57     1234    635              - -      60.0000     160    10   40     12    3   20        den_pol=0, dclk_pol=0, LVDS_8BIT_1, OUT_P888; [ref]
===                      1064x600 16:9      // VESA 0.64M9
====                     1152x600           //
d   Compaq 171FS         1152x600@74        1472    631              - -      69.03        32   256   32     11    8   12        [ref]
a   arcade HDTV 720p     1280x600i@24.002   1576    651      15.6250 - -      24.625       37   116  143      5    6   40        arcade/game modelines; avoids horizontal scaling
c   VGA VIA              1280x600@60.00                      37.320  - -      61.503       28   128  184      1    3   18        fb.modes, VIA
d   Compaq 171FS         1280x600@68        1600    631              - -      68.90        32   256   32     12    7   12        https://how-to.fandom.com/wiki/How_to_deal_with_the_Compaq_171FS_monitor_in_X_Windows
a   arcade HDTV 1080p    1920x600i@24.002   2360    651      15.6250 - -      36.875       55   174  211      5    6   40        arcade/game modelines; avoids horizontal scaling
======                    808x608 ~4:3      // CMOS image sensor
====                      832x608 4:3       // Canon Powershot 600 (1996); 0.5 Mpix
====Atari                 896x608           // Atari resolution, 1bit "falh2", 4bit "falh16"
c   VGA VIA              1088x612@60.00     1392    636      38.040  - -      52.952       48   104  152      3    5   16        fb.modes, VIA
=== Apple Half Megapix    832x624 4:3       // Apple Macintosh Half Megapixel standard; Apple Mac II, 16", 49.7 kHz, 75 Hz; E-Mach/Quadra, 44.9 kHz, 67 Hz; default for late 1990s iMac
===                                         // largest res less than 219 and 32-multiple horz, fits to 512kB framebuffer, 32-bit alignment
d   NEC LCD1960NX         832x624@60.02     1688   1066      63.9810 - -     108.000      496   112  248    401    3   38        from EDID; same clock and overall resolution for all modes, size by porches
d   Apple monitors        832x624@74.182    1152    667      49.4792 - -      57.000       44    64  212      1    3   39        [ref]
c   VGA NVIDIA            832x624@75        1152    667      49.7222 - -      57.28        32    64  224      1    3   39        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
d   NEC LCD1850E          832x624@74.546    1152    667      49.7222 - -      57.280       32    64  224      1    3   39        [ref]
S!  Est., Apple II        832x624@74.546    1152    667      49.7222 + +      57.280       32    64  224      1    3   39        Established Timing; [ref]
c   Apple                 832x624@74.550    1152    667      49.7250 - -      57.2832      32    64  224      1    3   39        x86 extramodes; Established Timing?; Mac 16" monitors
d   Compaq 171FS         1280x624@66        1608    656      43.3147 - -      69.65        32   264   32     12    7   13        [ref]
==                        625/50                    625      15.625  com                 1.5us 4.7us 5.8us 2.5H 2.5H  20H        raw PAL timing
====                      864x625           // raw resolution of 720x576, for CCIR-601 sampling for PAL; 13.5 MHz samplerate
====                     1135x625           // raw resolution of 948x575, for 4f(sc) sampling for PAL or 625/50; 17.734475 MHz samplerate
====                      800x640           // text 100x40 (8x16)
=== DVGA                  960x640 3:2       // 2x2 HVGA; Meizu MX mobile phone, Apple iPhone 4/4S ("Retina"), 4th Generation iPod Touch
e   RGB HJ050NA           960x640@64.69     1145    675              - -      50.0000     130     5   50     12    3   20        den_pol=0, dclk_pol=0, LVDS_8BIT_2, OUT_D888_P666; [ref]
=== 0.66MA               1024x640 16:10/8:5 // close to WSVGA 1024x600; VESA nonstd modes 362/256col,363/15b,364/16b,365/24b,366/32b; linux kernel vga=0x36a/256col,0x36b/15b,0x36c/16b,0x36d/24b, nonstd 0x36e/32b; may not work on some graphics cards
d   Compaq 171FS         1024x640@76        1344    673              - -      69.07        32   256   32     12    8   13        [ref]
=== WDVGA                1136x640           // 0.73M9; iPhone 5 10cm/4"; "retina" pixel density; Apple iPhone 5, iPhone 5S, iPhone 5C, iPhone SE (1st)
====0.73M9               1148x640 ~16:9     // occasional Chromebook resolution with 96 DPI; see HP Chromebook 14A G5
====                     1152x640 9:5       //
d   Compaq 171FS         1152x640@70        1480    673              - -      69.78        32   264   32     12    8   13        [ref]
d   Compaq 171FS         1152x640@74        1496    673              - -      74.70        32   280   32     12    8   13        [ref]
d   Compaq 171FS         1280x640@64        1600    673              - -      69.22        32   256   32     13    7   13        [ref]
d   Compaq 171FS         1152x648@72        1488    681              - -      73.28        32   272   32     12    8   13        [ref]
d   Sony KP-46WT520      1160x652@59.999    1664    746              - +      74.48        48   120  336      1    3   90        MythTV modelines, device-specific
===                       896x672           // VESA nonstd modes 303/256col,304/15b,305/16b,306/24b,307/32b; linux kernel vga=0x32f/256col,0x330/15b,0x331/16b,0x332/24b, nonstd 0x333/32b; may not work on some graphics cards
c   VGA NVIDIA            896x672@60        1224    697      83.6601 - + DS  102.40        64   100  164      0    2   23        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)   896x672@60.014    1224    697      83.6601 - + DS  102.400       64   100  164      0    2   23        from EDID
c   VGA NVIDIA            896x672@75        1228    708     106.27   - + DS  130.50        48   108  176      0    2   34        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
d   Panasonic TX-42PX75U 1208x679@60        1650    750              + +      74.25       145    40  257     28    5   38        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Sharp LC-37D6U       1080x680@30.12     1752    758                       79.68       412    40  220     42    2   34        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Panasonic TX-32LXD52 1216x684p@60       1648    750              + +      74.160      140    40  252     23    5   38        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Sony KF-50WE610      1152x648@60.032    1648    750              + +      74.2        136    40  320     41    5   56        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Sony KDS-R60XBR1     1152x648@60.032    1648    750              + +      74.2        136    40  320     41    5   56        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   LuckyGold 26LC3R     1157x685@50        1980    750              + +      74.25       501    40  282     22    5   38        MythTV modelines, device-specific
c   VGA NVIDIA            928x696@60        1264    719      86.3528 - + DS  109.15        48   112  176      0    2   21        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)   928x696@60.051    1264    719      86.3528 - + DS  109.150       48   112  176      0    2   21        from EDID
c   VGA NVIDIA            928x696@75        1280    750      112.5   - + DS  144.00        64   112  176      0    2   52        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
d   Compaq 171FS         1024x700@70        1352    736              - -      69.70        32   264   32     14    8   14        [ref]
d   Sony KDL-26P2530     1216x700@60        1650    750              + +      74.250      142    40  252     14    5   31        MythTV modelines, device-specific
====HDTV                  640x720           // HDTV Rec.709, Blu-Ray, DVD, 4:3,16:9
=== SMPTE 720p            960x720           // video postprodution; Panasonic DVCPRO100 for 50/60 Hz over 720p - SMPTE Resolution
=== DVCPRO HD 720p        960x720           // video postprodution; DVCPRO HD 720 source size; 16:9 square pixel size 1280x720; HDTV Rec.709, Blu-Ray, DVD, 4:3,16:9
====                      960x720           // text 120x45 (8x16)
c   VGA NVIDIA            960x720@60        1300    750      90      - + DS  117.00        64   104  172      0    2   28        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)   960x720@60.000    1300    750      90.0000 - + DS  117.000       64   104  172      0    2   28        from EDID
c   VGA NVIDIA            960x720@75        1320    750     112.5    - + DS  148.50        72   112  176      0    2   28        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
c   VGA NVIDIA            960x720@85        1328    756     128.524  - + DS  170.68        76   108  184      0    2   34        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
====                     1088x720 68:45     // teleconferencing
=== 0.83MA               1152x720 16:10     // VESA 0.83MA; VESA nonstd modes 357/256col,358/15b,359/16b,360/24b,361/32b; nonstd linux kernel vga=869/256col,870/15b,871/16b,872/24b,873/32b; may not use on all graphics cards
c   VGA VIA              1152x720@60.00     1488    748      44.859  - -      66.75        56   112  168      3    6   19        fb.modes, VIA
====                     1200x720 5:3       // 15:9
    VGA VIA              1200x720@60.00     1540    746      44.760  - -      70.184       28   128  184      1    3   22        fb.modes, VIA
=====!                   1280x720 16:9      // standard image size; 720p camera sensors, 720p AHD analog cameras, ~1 Mpix, 0.9 Mpix; CMOS image sensor, some with processor; some machine vision cameras (C-mount)
=====!                                      // raspi camera v2, IMX219, mode 6, 2x2 binning, 40-90 fps, partial fov; GoPro Hero 7 720p
====                     1280x720           // 16:9 square pixel size of 960x720 source size, DVCPRO HD 720; Blu-Ray
==  720p, HD-1, HD1      1280x720 16:9      // ATSC standard; hd720 (ffmpeg); WXGA-H/minimum; VESA 1.04M9; very common HDTV resolution; panels often 768 lines with odd WXGA resolutions; 1280x720p30/p60 teleconferencing; projectors; common Android devices
==                                          // HDTV 720p, 45.0 kHz, 60 Hz; "ATVA", early HDTV as proposed by MIT/General Instruments, 59.94 Hz progressive, 16-QAM modulation; "Digital Spectrum Compatible", 4-VSB modulation, by Zenith/AT&T
==                                          // HDTV Rec.709, Blu-Ray, DVD, 16:9
e   DPI LCD, TI DRA722   1280x720@20.42     1536    765      15.625  - -      24.000      210    30   16     22   13   10        dra72-evm.dts; pixelclk-active=1, de-active=1
t   HDTV NTSC            1280x720p@23.976   4125    750      17.9821 3        74.176        2585
S   VIC=60 720p24        1280x720@23.98*    3300    750      18.000           59.400                                             16:9  (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=60 vfreq=23.98/24
S   VIC=65 720p24        1280x720@23.98*    3300    750      18.00            59.400                                             64:27 (pixel=4:3); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=65 vfreq=23.98/24
S   DMT+CEA861 (v4l2)    1280x720@24.000*   3300    750      18.0000 + +      59.400     1760    40  220      5    5   20        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_CEA_1280X720P24; CAN_REDUCE_FPS,HAS_CEA861_VIC
t   HDTV ATSC            1280x720p@24       4125    750      18.0000 3        74.250        2585
t   HDTV CRT             1280x720p@25       1536    750      31.2500 3        48             256                                 for CRT-based 31.250 kHz horizontal freq HDTVs (framerate discrepancy)
t   HDTV CRT             1280x720p@25       1584    750      31.2500 3        49.5           304                                 for CRT-based 31.250 kHz horizontal freq HDTVs (framerate discrepancy)
t   HDTV ATSC            1280x720p@25.000   3960    750      18.7500 3        74.250        2420
S   VIC=61 720p25        1280x720@25.000    3960    750      18.7500          74.250                                             16:9  (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=61
S   VIC=66 720p25        1280x720@25.000    3960    750      18.7500          74.250                                             64:27 (pixel=4:3); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=66
S   CEA861 (v4l2)        1280x720@25.000*   3960    750      18.7500 + +      74.250     2420    40  220      5    5   20        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_CEA_1280X720P25; IS_CE_VIDEO,HAS_CEA861_VIC
t   HDTV NTSC            1280x720p@29.97    3300    750      22.4776 3        74.176        1760
t   HDTV ATSC            1280x720p@30.0000  3300    750      22.5000 3        74.250        1760
S   VIC=62 720p30        1280x720@29.97*    3300    750      22.5000          74.250                                             16:9  (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=62 vfreq=29.97/30
S   VIC=67 720p30        1280x720@29.97*    3300    750      22.5000          74.250                                             64:27 (pixel=4:3); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=67 vfreq=29.97/30
S   CEA861 (v4l2)        1280x720@30.00*    3300    750      22.5000 + +      74.250     1760    40  220      5    5   20        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_CEA_1280X720P30; CAN_REDUCE_FPS,IS_CE_VIDEO,HAS_CEA861_VIC
S   VIC=108 720p48       1280x720@47.96*    2500    750      36.0000          90.000                                             16:9  (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=108 vfreq=47.96/48
S   VIC=109 720p48       1280x720@47.96*    2500    750      36.0000          90.000                                             64:27 (pixel=4:3); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=109 vfreq=47.96/48
d   Panasonic TX-32LED8F 1280x720@49.97     1980    750                       74.2        440    40  220      5    5   20        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Sanyo PLV Z4/Z5      1280x720@50        1568    757                       59.42        32   224   32     15    6   16        MythTV modelines, device-specific
c   VGA VIA              1280x720@50.00     1632    741      37.050  - -      60.466       48   128  176      1    3   17        fb.modes, VIA
t   HDTV ATSC            1280x720p@50.0000  1980    750      37.5000 3        74.250         440                                 commonly handled natively by projectors, plasma TVs
S   VIC=19 720p50        1280x720@50.0000   1980    750      37.5000          74.250                                             16:9  (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=19
S   VIC=68 720p50        1280x720@50.0000   1980    750      37.5000          74.250                                             64:27 (pixel=4:3); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=68
T   EIA/CEA-861B         1280x720@50.0000   1980    750      37.5000 + +      74.250      440    40  220      5    5   20        [ref]
S   CEA861 (v4l2)        1280x720@50.000    1980    750      37.5000 + +      74.250      440    40  220      5    5   20        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_CEA_1280X720P50; IS_CE_VIDEO,HAS_CEA861_VIC
d   Benq PE7700          1280x720@50        1980    750      37.5000 + +      74.250      440    40  220     21    5    4        projector; from EDID
d   Camboard HDMIxDVI    1280x720@50        1980    750      37.5000 + +      74.250      440    40  220     21    5    4        native res
d   Olevia LT37HVS       1280x720@50.00     1980    750              + +      74.250      440    40  220     21    5    4        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Sony KDL-26S3000     1280x720@50        1980    750              + +      74.25       474    40  250     35    5   40        MythTV modelines, device-specific
t   HDTV EDID            1280x720@50        1980    750      37.5    + +      74.25       440    40  220      5    5   20        MythTV modelines, HDTV EDID ModePool
d   Samsung HL-R5678W    1280x720@58.84     1696    746              - +      74.453      168   136  112      1    3   22        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Panasonic PT-AE900U  1280x720@58.99     1676    750              + +      74.52        32    56  308      4    6   20        MythTV modelines, device-specific
c   CVT 0.92M9-R         1280x720@59.74     1440    741      44.27   + -      63.75        48    32   80      3    5   13        x86 extramodes
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)  1280x720@59.745    1440    741      44.2708 + -      63.750       48    32   80      3    5   13        from EDID
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)  1280x720@59.855    1664    748      44.7716 - +      74.500       64   128  192      3    5   20        from EDID
c   CVT 0.92M9           1280x720@59.86     1664    748      44.77   - +      74.50        64   128  192      3    5   20        x86 extramodes
d   Sony KDF-E42A10      1280x720@59.913    1648    752              + +      74.25       110    40  218      5    7   20        MythTV modelines, device-specific
T   EIA/CEA-861B         1280x720@59.94     1650    750      44.9545 + +      74.176      110    40  220      5    5   20        [ref]
t   "ATSC-720-59.94p"    1280x720p@59.940   1648    750      44.9551          74.086       40    56  272      2    6   22        MythTV modelines, DTV-PCTweakedModes
t   HDTV NTSC            1280x720p@59.940   1650    750      44.9552 3        74.176         110
d   InFocus Screenplay   1280x720p@59.940   1650    750      44.9552          74.176       40    56  274      2    6   22        MythTV modelines, device-specific; Infocus Screenplay 5000, ATSC
t   "ATSC-720-59.94p"    1280x720@59.940    1650    750      44.9552          74.176       40    56  274      2    6   22        MythTV modelines, ATSC Standard Modes
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)  1280x720@59.991    1360    740      88.7868 + - DS  120.750       24    16   40      1    3   16        from EDID
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)  1280x720@59.999    1744    746      89.5183 - + DS  156.120       96   136  232      1    3   22        from EDID
d   Panasonic PT-AE700   1280x720@60        1648    750              - -      74.160       72    40  256      5    5   20        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Sanyo PLV Z4/Z5      1280x720@60        1624    757                       73.78        32   280   32     15    7   15        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Toshiba HD51         1280x720p@60       1640    751              + +      73.8         40    48  272      2    2   27        MythTV modelines, device-specific
t   "ATSC-720-60p"       1280x720p@60.0000  1648    750      45.0000          74.16        40    56  272      2    6   22        MythTV modelines, DTV-PCTweakedModes
d   LuckyGold DU-37LZ30  1280x720p@60       1648    750              + +      74.16       118    33  305     28    5   45        MythTV modelines, device-specific; ATSC-720-60p-no-over
d   Panasonic PT-AX100U  1280x720@60        1672    750              - -      74.160       28    36  328      5    5   20        MythTV modelines, device-specific
t   HDTV ATSC            1280x720p@60.0000  1650    750      45.0000 3        74.250         110
S!  VIC=4 720p           1280x720@60.0000   1650    750      45.0000          74.250                                             "720p", CTA-770.3; 16:9  (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=4
S   VIC=69 720p          1280x720@60.000    1650    750      45.0000          74.250                                             64:27 (pixel=4:3); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=69
S   CEA861 (v4l2)        1280x720@60.000*   1650    750      45.0000 + +      74.250      110    40  220      5    5   20        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_CEA_1280X720P60; CAN_REDUCE_FPS,IS_CE_VIDEO,HAS_CEA861_VIC
d   Benq PE7700 native   1280x720@60*       1650    750      45.0000 + +      74.250      110    40  220      5    5   20        projector; from EDID
d   Dell S3219D          1280x720@60        1650    750      45.0000 + +      74.250      110    40  220      5    5   20        from EDID, upscaled [ref]
d   Tevion/Medion 41427  1280x720@60        1650    750              + +      74.20       110    40  220      5    5   20        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Hitachi 42PD380TA    1280x720@60        1650    750              + +      74.250      110    40  220      5    5   20        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Toshiba 52HM84       1280x720@60        1650    750              + +      74.250      110    40  220      5    5   20        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Vizio VO22L          1280x720@60.0      1650    750              + +      74.25       110    40  220      5    5   20        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Toshiba 52HL167      1280x720@60.0      1650    750              + +      74.25       110    40  220      5    5   20        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Toshiba 50H81        1280x720@60        1650    750              + +      74.250      110    40  220      5    5   20        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   7" HDMI MPI7002, sec 1280x720@60.00     1650    750              + +      74.25       110    40  220      5    5   20        from EDID, hands-on hardware, mode #4; flags: phsync, pvsync; type: driver
d   Infocus Screenplay   1280x720p@60       1650    750                       74.25        40    56  274      2    6   22        MythTV modelines, device-specific; Infocus Screenplay 5000, ATSC
d   Mitsubishi HC-1500   1280x720p@60       1650    750                       74.25       112    56  202      2    6   22        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Vizio SV470M         1280x720@60.001    1623    764              + +      74.40       110    30  203      5    5   34        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Toshiba 42A3000A     1280x720@60        1664    746              - +      74.48        56   136  192      1    3   22        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   LuckyGold 32LH3000   1280x720@60        1664    744              - +      74.48        80   112  192      2    2   20        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Olevia LT32HVE       1280x720@60.00     1664    746              - +      74.48        56   136  192      1    3   22        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Sanyo DP42647        1280x720@60.0      1664    746              + +      74.48       188   136   60      1    3   22        MythTV modelines, device-specific
c   VGA VIA              1280x720@60.00     1672    746      44.760  - -      74.481       64   136  192      1    3   22        fb.modes, VIA
t   HDTV EDID            1280x720@60        1650    750      44.9576 + +      74.18       110    40  220      5    5   20        MythTV modelines, HDTV EDID ModePool
T   EIA/CEA-861B         1280x720@60.0000   1650    750      45.0000 + +      74.250      110    40  220      5    5   20        [ref]
t   HDTV EDID            1280x720@60.000    1650    750      45.0000 + +      74.25       110    40  220      5    5   20        MythTV modelines, HDTV EDID ModePool
t   "ATSC-720-60p"       1280x720@60.000    1650    750      45.0000          74.25        40    56  274      2    6   22        MythTV modelines, ATSC Standard Modes
d   Toshiba 56HM66 DLP   1280x720@60        1672    750              + +      75.288      117    48  227      5    5   20        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   ViewSonic N2750w     1280x720@60.096    1664    750                       75           56   136  192      5    5   20        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Sony KDS-R60XBR1     1280x720@60.347    1646    747              + +      74.2        110    36  220      5    2   20        MythTV modelines, device-specific
e   MIPI                 1280x720@63.27     1392    738              - -      65.0000      82    10   20      4    8    6        den_pol=0, dclk_pol=1, OUT_P888, needs init; [ref]
l   Thinkpad X61 native  1024x768@64.99     1344    798                       69.71        56   104  160      1    3   26
d   Zenith P60W26        1280x720@70.00     1696    750              - +      89.04        72   136  208      1    3   26        MythTV modelines, device-specific
t   "ATSC-720-71.93p"    1280x720p@71.928   1648    750      53.9460          88.903       40    56  272      2    6   22        MythTV modelines, DTV-PCTweakedModes
t   "ATSC-720-71.93p"    1280x720@71.928    1650    750      53.9461          89.011       16    64  290      2    6   22        MythTV modelines, ATSC Movie Modes
t   "ATSC-720-72p"       1280x720p@72.0000  1648    750      54.0000          88.992       40    56  272      2    6   22        MythTV modelines, DTV-PCTweakedModes
t   "ATSC-720-72p"       1280x720@72.0000   1650    750      54.0000          89.1         16    64  290      2    6   22        MythTV modelines, ATSC Movie Modes
S   VIC=41 720p100       1280x720@100.000   1980    750      45.0000         148.500                                             16:9  (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=41
S   VIC=70 720p100       1280x720@100.000   1980    750      75.0000         148.500                                             64:27 (pixel=4:3); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=70
t   "ATSC-720-119.88p"   1280x720@119.880   1650    750      89.9097         148.351       16    64  290      2    6   22        MythTV modelines, ATSC Movie Modes
S   VIC=47 720p120       1280x720@119.88*   1650    750      90.0000         148.500                                             16:9  (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=47 vfreq=119.88/120
S   VIC=71 720p120       1280x720@119.88*   1650    750      90.0000         148.500                                             64:27 (pixel=4:3); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=71 vfreq=119.88/120
t   "ATSC-720-120p"      1280x720@120.0000  1650    750      90.0000         148.5         16    64  290      2    6   22        MythTV modelines, ATSC Movie Modes
====                     1680x720 21:9      // smartphones; Samsung Galaxy Fold 4.6", Sony Xperia L4 (6.2")
S   VIC=79 720p2x24      1680x720@23.98*    3300    750      18.00            59.400                                             64:27 (pixel=64:63); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=79 vfreq=23.98/24
S   VIC=80 720p2x25      1680x720@25        3168    750      18.75            59.400                                             64:27 (pixel=64:63); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=80
S   VIC=81 720p2x30      1680x720@29.97*    2640    750      22.50            59.400                                             64:27 (pixel=64:63); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=81 vfreq=29.97/30
S   VIC=110 720p2x48     1680x720@47.96*    2750    825      36.00            99.000                                             64:27 (pixel=64:63); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=110 vfreq=47.96/48
S   VIC=82 720p2x50      1680x720@50        2200    750      37.50            82.500                                             64:27 (pixel=64:63); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=82
S   VIC=83 720p2x        1680x720@60        2200    750      45.00            99.000                                             64:27 (pixel=64:63); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=83
S   VIC=84 720p2x100     1680x720@100       2000    825      82.50           165.000                                             64:27 (pixel=64:63); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=84
S   VIC=85 720p2x120     1680x720@119.88*   2000    825      99.00           198.000                                             64:27 (pixel=64:63); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=85 vfreq=119.88/120
d   Compaq 171FS         1016x730@72        1360    767              - -      75.48        32   280   32     14    9   14        [ref]
=====                    1296x730 16:9      // raspi camera, v1, OV5647, mode 5, 1..49 fps, 2x2 binning
======                   1312x732 ~16:9     // CMOS image sensor, onboard processor
==L 819-line              819/50i           // historical tv, France; effective 816x737, or 408x737 in reduced-bandwidth (System-F, Belgium, Luxembourgh)
=== 819-line, "736i"     1152x738i@25
H   819-line tv          ~816x737              ?    819      20.475                     0.5us 2.5us  5us
H   old TV, 819-line     1152x738i@25.000+  1432    819      20.4751 - -      29.3203      16    72  192      6    1   74        old French 819-line TV, "755i"; [ref]
====1M9                  1334x750 ~16:9     // iPhone 6 12cm/4.7"; "retina" pixel density; Apple iPhone 6, iPhone 6S, iPhone 7, iPhone 8, iPhone SE (2nd)
====                     1024x758 ~4:3      // eink 6", Pocketbook 616/627, Nook GlowLight, Cybook Odyssey, T62+, Kobo Aura, Boox C65, 
===                      1360x765 16:9      // plasma displays
a   arcade monitor        512x768i@30.000    624    832      24.9599 - -      15.575        8    62   42      1   10   53        arcade/game modelines; fixed 25kHz hsync freq arcade monitor
=====!                   1024x768 4:3       // common image size; image sensor for digital cameras, Olympus D-300L sensor (1996), 0.8 Mpix; some machine vision cameras (C-mount)
====                     1024x768           // text 128x48 (char 8x16)
==  XGA/EVGA             1024x768 4:3       // xga (ffmpeg); VESA 0.79M3, established standard; 8514/A cards (1987) i@43.5, industry std; IBM (1990); 16:9 on LCD TVs; EVGA is VESA (1991), max 70Hz, not widely adopted; projectors; common Android devices
==                                          // VESA standard modes 260/16c,261/256c,278/15b,279/16b,280/24b, nonstd 312/32b; linux kernel vga=0x304/16col,0x305/256col,0x316/15b,0x317/16b,0x318/24b, nonstd 824/32b
==                                          // XGA, 57.0 kHz, 70 Hz; XGA, 61.1 kHz, 75.8 Hz; 8514A, 35.5 kHz, 87/43 Hz; VESA, 48.4 kHz, 60 Hz, in RGB202VTG; VESA, 56.4 kHz, 70 Hz; Super Mac, Radius/SuperVGA, 48.0 kHz, 60 Hz; Mac 19", 60.2 kHz, 75 Hz; RasterOps, 60.2 kHz, 75 Hz; IBM PowerPC 5/6, 61.1 kHz, 76 Hz
==                                          // CAD workstations: NCD-17C, 56.3 kHz, 70 Hz; SGI Indigo, 48.0 kHz, 60 Hz; DEC VRM17, 69.9 kHz, 72 Hz; DEC VRM, 57.4 kHz, 72 Hz; some einks 6",8", Icarus 8 (8"), Iriver Story HD, 
d   Panasonic TH-42PX7A  1024x768@25.89     1344    806              - -      28.043       26   136  158      3    6   29        MythTV modelines, device-specific; 1024x768custom
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)  1360x768@59.96     1520    790      47.3684 + -      72.000       48    32   80      3   10    9        from EDID
d   Sony KDL-32V2000     1024x768@59.992    1344    795              - +      64.1         56   104  160      1    3   23        MythTV modelines, device-specific
a   arcade monitor       1024x768@60.0      1248    832      25.0    - -      31.150        8   125   91      1   10   53        arcade/game modelines; fixed 25kHz hsync freq arcade monitor
d   Compaq 171FS         1024x768@60        1328    807              - -      64.56        32   240   32     15    8   16        [ref]
cf  HP fixed-freq        1024x768@60.000    1344    795      47.7000 - -      64.1088      64   128  128      3    4   20        HP 98782A/98751A/98753A/98785A/98781A/98786A; sync on green; [ref]
c   VGA                  1024x768@60        1344    806                       65           24   136  160      3    6   29        Rick Ballantyne, Xilinx Inc. TABLE 1 VGA CORE VIDEO MODE
c   VGA                  1024x768@60        1344    806              - -      65           24   136  160      3    6   29        MHi modelines table
c   VGA ATI/VIA          1024x768@60.00     1344    806      48.363  - -      65           24   136  160      3    6   29        fb.modes, ATI, VIA
c   VESA                 1024x768@60        1344    806      48.3631 - -      65.00        24   136  160      3    6   29        MythTV modelines, VESA ModePool
c   VGA NVIDIA           1024x768@60        1344    806      48.3631 - -      65.00        24   136  160      3    6   29        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
c   HDTV EDID            1024x768@60        1344    806      48.3631 - -      65.00        24   136  160      3    6   29        MythTV modelines, HDTV EDID ModePool
C   VESA                 1024x768@60.004    1344    806      48.3631 - -      65.000       24   136  160      3    6   29        common X11 modelines; Established Timing?
S!  DMT (v4l2)           1024x768@60.004    1344    806      48.3631 - -      65.000       24   136  160      3    6   29        Established Timing; linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1024X768P60
S   DMT v1.0 r11         1024x768@60.004    1344    806      48.3631 - -      65.000       24   136  160      3    6   29        STD (61 40)
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)  1024x768@60.004    1344    806      48.3631 - -      65.000       24   136  160      3    6   29        from EDID
d   Apple iBook2         1024x768@60.004    1344    806      48.3631 - -      65.000       24   136  160      3    6   29        [ref]
d   Pismo Firewire G3    1024x768@60.004    1344    806      48.3631 - -      65.000        8   144  168      3    6   29        [ref]
c   VGA VESA             1024x768@60        1344    806      48.4    - -      65.0         24   136  160      3    6   29        MHi modelines table
d   Sharp D65E           1024x768@60        1344    806      48.4    - -      65.0         24   136  160      3    6   29        MythTV modelines, device-specific; VESA
e   LVDS HDMI            1024x768@60.004    1344    806              - -      65.0000     210    10  100     18   10   10        den_pol=0, dclk_pol=1, LVDS_8BIT_1, OUT_P888; [ref]
e   LVDS HSD100PXN       1024x768@60.004    1344    806              - -      65.0000     210    10  100     18   10   10        den_pol=0, dclk_pol=0, LVDS_8BIT_2, OUT_D888_P666; [ref]
e   RGB HJ080NA          1024x768@60.23     1344    803              - -      65.0000     120   100  100     15   10   10        den_pol=0, dclk_pol=0, LVDS_8BIT_2, OUT_P888; [ref]
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)  1024x768@60.035    1400    794      95.3357 - + DS  133.470       76   112  188      0    2   24        from EDID
e   LVDS MQ0801D         1024x768@61.85     1344    806              - -      67.0000     300    10   10     30    4    4        den_pol=0, dclk_pol=1(LVDS)/0(RGB), LVDS_8BIT_1, OUT_P888; [ref]
d   Samsung HL-R5678W    1024x768@60        1344    806              - -      74.871       40   136  144      3    6   29        MythTV modelines, device-specific
c   VGA NVIDIA           1024x768@60        1400    794      95.3357 - + DS  133.47        76   112  188      0    2   24        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
cf  Hitachi CM2086A1     1024x768@60.892    1313    813      49.5050 + -      65.000       24    96  169      6    6   33        [ref]
d   NEC LCD1960NX        1024x768@60.02     1688   1066      63.9810 + +     108.000      304   112  248    257    3   38        from EDID; same clock and overall resolution for all modes, size by porches
d   NEC LCD1960NX        1024x768@60.02     1688   1066      63.9810 - -     108.000      304   112  248    257    3   38        from EDID; same clock and overall resolution for all modes, size by porches
cf  DEC VR297-DA         1024x768@63.876    1272    800      51.1006 - -      65.000       16   128  104      0    3   29
d   Compaq 171FS         1024x768@64        1352    807              - -      69.91        32   264   32     15    8   16        [ref]
e   MIPI/LVDS B080XAN02  1024x768@65.62     1204    848              - -      67.0000      60    64   56     36   14   30        den_pol=0, dclk_pol=1(LVDS)/0(RGB), OUT_P666, needs init; [ref]
c   VGA                  1024x768@70        1328    806                       75           24   136  144      3    6   29        Rick Ballantyne, Xilinx Inc. TABLE 1 VGA CORE VIDEO MODE
c   VESA                 1024x768@70        1328    806      56.4759 - -      75.00        24   136  144      3    6   29        MythTV modelines, VESA ModePool
c   VGA NVIDIA           1024x768@70        1328    806      56.4759 - -      75.00        24   136  144      3    6   29        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
C   VESA                 1024x768@70.069    1328    806      56.4759 - -      75.000       24   136  144      3    6   29        common X11 modelines; Established Timing?
S!  DMT (v4l2)           1024x768@70.069    1328    806      56.4759 - -      75.000       24   136  144      3    6   29        Established Timing; linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1024X768P70
S   DMT v1.0 r11         1024x768@70.069    1328    806      56.4759 - -      75.000       24   136  144      3    6   29        STD (61 4A)
c   VGA VESA             1024x768@70        1328    806      56.5    - -      75.0         24   136  144      3    6   29        MHi modelines table
d   Compaq 171FS         1024x768@70        1384    807              - -      78.26        32   296   32     15    9   15        [ref]
c   VGA ATI              1024x768@70.07     1328    806      56.476  - -      75           24   136  144      3    6   29        fb.modes, ATI
c   VGA ATI              1024x768@72.245    1288    806      58.230  - -      75           24   136  104      3    6   29        fb.modes, ATI
cf  Sun GDM-20D10        1024x768@73.314    1316    881      64.5897          85.000       20   120  152     12    3   98        needs hw adapter; [ref]
cf  HP fixed-freq        1024x768@74.218    1344    848      62.9368 - -      84.587       64   128  128      4    4   64        HP A1497x/A2287A; sync on green; calculated from specs; [ref]
d   iMac display         1024x768@74.314    1312    800      59.4512 + +      78.000       34    96  158      1    3   28        [ref]
cf  Sun 1962B monitor    1024x768@74.704    1327    807      60.2864 - -      80.000       48    55  200      3    9   27        [ref]
d   Apple iMac           1024x768@74.814    1312    800      59.8514 + +      78.525       25    96  167      1    3   28        [ref]
c   VGA                  1024x768@75        1312    800                       78.75        16    96  176      1    3   28        Rick Ballantyne, Xilinx Inc. TABLE 1 VGA CORE VIDEO MODE
d   HP P1230 monitor     1024x768@75.023    1083    800      60.0185          65.000        9    15   35      1    3   28        xorg modeline, factory-supplied [ref]
c   VGA VESA             1024x768@75        1312    800      60.0    + +      78.8         16    96  176      1    3   28        MHi modelines table
S!  DMT (v4l2)           1024x768@75.029    1312    800      60.0229 + +      78.750       16    96  176      1    3   28        Established Timing; linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1024X768P75
S   DMT v1.0 r11         1024x768@75.029    1312    800      60.0229 + +      78.750       16    96  176      1    3   28        STD (61 4F)
d   SGI GDM20E21         1024x768@75.029    1312    800      60.0229 + +      78.750       16    96  176      1    3   28        from EDID, scaled
c   VESA                 1024x768@75        1312    800      60.0229 + +      78.75        16    96  176      1    3   28        MythTV modelines, VESA ModePool
c   VGA ATI/VIA          1024x768@75.03     1312    800      60.023  + +      78.75        16    96  176      1    3   28        fb.modes, ATI, VIA
c   VGA NVIDIA           1024x768@75        1312    800      60.061  + +      78.80        16    96  176      1    3   28        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
c   VESA                 1024x768@75.076    1312    800      60.0610 + +      78.800       16    96  176      1    3   28        common X11 modelines; Established Timing?
c   VGA NVIDIA           1024x768@75        1416    801     120.226  - + DS  170.24        84   112  196      0    2   31        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
cf  Hitachi HM-4119      1024x768@75.642    1344    817      61.7999 - -      83.059        8   224   88      7   15   27        Hitachi HM-4119-S-AA-0; [ref]
cf  IBM 6091-19          1024x768@76.211    1304    805      61.3497 - +      80.000        3    42  235      4    5   28        historical monitor, 5-BNC; native-ish timing [ref]
cf  Sun GDM-1962b        1024x768@77.069    1360    805      62.0404 - -      84.375       32   128  176      2    4   31        [ref]
cf  NeXT Megapixel       1024x768@78.758    1432    798      62.8492 +?-?     90.000       88   136  184      3    6   21        nonnative; [ref]
cf  IBM 6091 mode 3      1024x768@82.826    1376    827      68.4971 - -      94.252       32   192  128     11   15   33        historical monitor, 5-BNC; nonstandard timing [ref]
cf  Sun GDM20D10         1024x768@84.9997   1328    806      68.5098 + +      90.981        8    96  200      0    3   35        [ref]
C   VESA                 1024x768@84.997    1376    808      68.6773 + +      94.500       48    96  208      1    3   36        common X11 modelines
S   DMT (v4l2)           1024x768@84.997    1376    808      68.6773 + +      94.500       48    96  208      1    3   36        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1024X768P85
S   DMT v1.0 r11         1024x768@84.997    1376    808      68.6773 + +      94.500       48    96  208      1    3   36        STD (61 59)
d   NEC LCD1850E         1024x768@84.997    1376    808      68.6773 + +      94.500       48    96  208      1    3   36        [ref]
c   VGA VIA              1024x768@85.00     1372    808      68.677  + +      94.5         48    96  204      1    3   36        fb.modes, VIA
c   VESA                 1024x768@85        1376    808      68.6773 + +      94.50        48    96  208      1    3   36        MythTV modelines, VESA ModePool
c   VGA NVIDIA           1024x768@85        1376    808      68.6773 + +      94.50        48    96  208      1    3   36        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
c   VGA VESA             1024x768@85        1376    808      68.7    + +      94.5         48    96  208      1    3   36        MHi modelines table
c   VGA                  1024x768@85        1376    808                       94.5         48    96  208      1    3   36        Rick Ballantyne, Xilinx Inc. TABLE 1 VGA CORE VIDEO MODE
d   Mac Mini             1024x768@84.997    1376    808      68.6773 + +      94.500       48    96  208      1    3   36        [ref]
d   HP P1230 monitor     1024x768@85.059    1375    808      68.7273          94.500       56    94  201      1    3   36        xorg modeline, factory-supplied [ref]
c   VGA NVIDIA           1024x768@85        1416    806     137.02   - + DS  194.02        84   112  196      0    2   36        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
d   Compaq 171FS         1024x768i@43.5     1248    807              - -      44.07        32   160   32     16    6   17        [ref]
c   VGA ATI              1024x768i@43.48    1264    817      35.522  + +      44.9          8   176   56      1    8   40        fb.modes, ATI
C   industry standard    1024x768i@43.479   1264    817      35.5222 + +      44.900        8   176   56      0    8   41        common X11 modelines; Established Timing?
c   VGA industry std     1024x768i@43       1264    817      35.5    + +      44.9          8   176   56      0    8   41        MHi modelines table; INTERLACED!
c   VESA                 1024x768i@43.5     1264    817      35.5222 + +      44.90         8   176   56      0    8   41        MythTV modelines, VESA ModePool
c   VGA NVIDIA           1024x768i@43.5     1264    817      35.5222 + +      44.90         8   176   56      0    8   41        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
C   8514/A               1024x768i@43.576   1264    817      35.6013          45.000       16   176   48      9    8   32        industry standard, 8514/A XGA controller
S!  DMT (v4l2)           1024x768i@44.851   1264    792      35.5222 + +      44.900        8   176   56      0    4   20 0 4 21 Established Timing; "8514A" standard; linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1024X768I43
S   DMT v1.0 r11         1024x768i@44.851   1264    792      35.5222 + +      44.900        8   176   56      0    4   20        interlaced
cf  IBM 6091-19          1024x768@86.265    1500    796      68.6667 - -     103.000      100   240  136      2   12   14        historical monitor, 5-BNC; nonstandard timing [ref]
c   VGA ATI              1024x768@90.20     1312    845      76.220  - -     100            0    96  192     21   15   41        fb.modes, ATI
d   17in Apple Studio    1024x768@98.156    1420    808      79.3099 + +     112.620       52   172  172      0   12   28        [ref]
c   VGA ATI              1024x768@99.78     1392    792      79.023  - -     110            0    88  280      0    8   16        fb.modes, ATI; discrepancy in pixclk against VIA
c   VGA VIA              1024x768@99.78     1392    792      79.023  - -     113.3          0    88  280      0    8   16        fb.modes, VIA; discrepancy in pixclk against ATI
c                        1024x768@100.00    1392    814      81.4001 + +     113.309       72   112  184      1    3   42        common X11 modelines
c   VGA GTF              1024x768@100       1392    814      81.4    - +     113.31        72   112  184      1    3   42        MHi modelines table
cf  Sun GDM-20D10        1024x768@100.47    1360    805      80.8824         110.000       32   128  176      2    4   31        [ref]
e   LVDS/MIPI            1024x768@109.56    1204    848              - -      67.0000      60    64   56     36   14   30        de-active=0, pixelclk-active=1, out-face=OUT_P666, lvds-format=LVDS_8BIT_2; [ref]
S   DMT+CVT RB (v4l2)    1024x768@119.99    1184    813      97.5507 + -     115.500       48    32   80      3    4   38        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1024X768P120_RB; REDUCED_BLANKING
S   DMT v1.0 r11         1024x768@119.99    1184    813      97.5507 + -     115.500       48    32   80      3    4   38        CVT (RB)
c                        1024x768@120.00    1408    823      98.7599 + +     139.054       80   112  192      1    3   51        common X11 modelines
d   HP P1230 monitor     1024x768@154.98    1424    841     130.3371         185.600        0     0  400      2    6   65        xorg modeline, community-supported [ref]
=== WXGA 3:2             1152x768 3:2       // 0.88M2; Apple PowerBook G4 (original Titanium version); 2x2 576x384
c                        1152x768@54.786    1472    806      44.1576 + +      65.000       26   136  158      3    6   29        common X11 modelines
c   VGA NVIDIA           1152x768@55        1472    806      44.1576 + +      65.00        26   136  158      3    6   29        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
d   ATI Radeon           1152x768@60.004    1344    806      48.3631          65.000       14    82   96      3    6   29        Ati Radeon Mobility M6 [ref]
d   Apple TI Powerbook   1152x768@68.352    1440    800      54.6813 + +      78.741       21    96  171      1    3   28        [ref]
====                     1224x768 16:10     // VESA 0.94MA
=====!                   1280x768 5:3       // standard image size
=== WXGA 5:3/average     1280x768 15:9      // VESA 0.98M9, established standard; "European widescreen" (also 800x480); lowest resolution of "ultrabook" notebooks; compromise between 1024x768 and 1280x1024, higher than 1280x720
c   VGA VUA              1280x768@50.00     1620    900      39.550  - -      65.178       28   128  184      1    3  128        fb.modes, VIA
d   Mitsubishi HC3000u   1280x768i@29.97    1736    798              - -      83.05        96   128  232      3    7   20        MythTV modelines, device-specific; 1280x768-Mitsubishi
S   DMT+CVT (v4l2)       1280x768@59.87     1664    798      47.7764 - +      79.500       64   128  192      3    7   20        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1280X768P60
S   DMT v1.0 r11         1280x768@59.87     1664    798      47.7764 - +      79.500       64   128  192      3    7   20        CVT (7f 1c 28)
d   Sony KDL-32V2000     1280x768@59.973    1680    795              - +      80.1         64   136  200      1    3   23        MythTV modelines, device-specific
S   DMT+CVT RB (v4l2)    1280x768@59.995    1440    790      47.3958 + -      68.250       48    32   80      3    7   12        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1280X768P60_RB; REDUCED_BLANKING
S   DMT v1.0 r11         1280x768@59.995    1440    790      47.3958 + -      68.250       48    32   80      3    7   12        CVT-RB (7f 1c 21)
t   HDTV EDID            1280x768@60        1440    790      47.3958 + +      68.25        48    32   80      3    7   12        MythTV modelines, HDTV EDID ModePool
d   Samsung HL-R5678W    1280x768@60        1664    798              - +      79.464       80   128  176      3    7   20        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Sony TAV-L1          1280x768@60        1664    798              - +      79.542       64   128  192      3    7   20        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Olevia LT26HVX       1280x768@60        1640    807                       80           32   296   32     15    8   16        MythTV modelines, device-specific
c   VGA VIA              1280x768@60.00     1654    795      47.700  + +      80.13        48   126  200      1    3   23        fb.modes, VIA
c   VGA NVIDIA           1280x768@60        1680    795      47.7024 + +      80.14        64   136  200      1    3   23        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
d   Olevia LT32HVE       1280x768@60.00     1680    795              - +      80.14        64   136  200      1    3   23        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Sony KLV-S32A10E     1280x768@60.003    1680    795              - +      80.14        64   136  200      1    3   23        MythTV modelines, device-specific
c   GTF                  1280x768@60.003    1680    795      47.7024 - +      80.140       64   136  200      1    3   23        common X11 modelines
d   Samsung HL-R5678W    1280x768@70        1696    800              - +      95.055       88   136  192      1    3   28        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Samsung HL-R5678W    1280x768@72        1696    801              - +      97.839       88   136  192      1    3   29        MythTV modelines, device-specific
S   DMT+CVT (v4l2)       1280x768@74.893    1696    805      60.2889 - +     102.250       80   128  208      3    7   27        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1280X768P75
S   DMT v1.0 r11         1280x768@74.893    1696    805      60.2889 - +     102.250       80   128  208      3    7   27        CVT (7f 1c 44)
d   Samsung HL-R5678W    1280x768@75        1696    805              - +     102.271       96   128  192      3    7   27        MythTV modelines, device-specific
S   DMT+CVT (v4l2)       1280x768@84.837    1712    809      68.6332 - +     117.500       80   136  216      3    7   31        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1280X768P85
S   DMT v1.0 r11         1280x768@84.837    1712    809      68.6332 - +     117.500       80   136  216      3    7   31        CVT (7F 1c 62)
S   DMT+CVT RB (v4l2)    1280x768@119.8     1440    813      97.3958 + -     140.250       48    32   80      3    7   35        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1280X768P120_RB; REDUCED_BLANKING
S   DMT v1.0 r11         1280x768@119.8     1440    813      97.3958 + -     140.250       48    32   80      3    7   35        RB
d   HP P1230 monitor     1280x768@155.18    1776    840     130.3491         231.500        0     0  496      2    6   64        xorg modeline, community-supported [ref]
=== WXGA 7:4             1344x768 7:4       // similar-ish to 16:9
=== HD/WXGA              1360x768 ~16:9     // 15.94:9; "HD ready"; just under 1 MB RAM (cf. 1366x768), line divisible by 8
d   Olevia 537h          1360x768@58.42     1560    790              - +      72.000       64    32  104      3    5   14        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Vizio L37HDTV        1360x768@59.219    1798    803              - +      85.5        134   130  174      2    6   27        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   LuckyGold 32LG3000   1360x768@59.80     1776    795      47.54   - +      84.43        64   144  208      1    3   23        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   LuckyGold 32LG3000   1360x768@59.8      1776    798      47.7    + -      84.75        72   136  208      3    5   22        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   AWA 81               1360x768@59.92     1776    795                       84.6         64   144  208      1    5   21        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   7" HDMI MPI7002, sec 1360x768@59.95     1776    798              - +      84.963       65   136  209      3   10   17        from EDID, hands-on hardware, mode #3; flags: phsync, pvsync; type:
d   Olevia monitor       1360x768@59.965    1768    810      48.5718 + +      85.875       48   112  248      1    3   38
d   Sharp LC-40C32U      1360x768@60        1744    807                       84.50        32   320   32     15    8   16        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Samsung LA40R81BD    1360x768@60.04     1744    807              + +      84.50        32   320   32     15    8   16        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Olevia 537h          1360x768@60.04     1744    807                       84.50        32   320   32     15    8   16        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   LuckyGold 32LG3000   1360x768@60.00     1776    795      47.7    - +      84.72        64   144  208      1    3   23        MythTV modelines, device-specific
c   VGA VIA              1360x768@60.00     1776    798      47.720  - -      84.75        72   136  208      3    5   22        fb.modes, VIA
S   DMT (v4l2)           1360x768@60.015    1792    795      47.7121 + +      85.500       64   112  256      3    6   18        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1360X768P60
S   DMT v1.0 r11         1360x768@60.015    1792    795      47.7121 + +      85.500       64   112  256      3    6   18        
d   Sony KDL-32V2000     1360x768@60.015    1792    795              + +      85.5         80   112  240      3    6   18        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Wstghouse VU32L      1360x768@60.015    1792    795              - -      85.50        64   112  256      3    7   17        MythTV modelines, device-specific ; Westinghouse
d   Olevia LT26HVX       1360x768@60.55     1776    795              + +      85.50       116   112  188      3    6   18        MythTV modelines, device-specific
t   HDTV EDID            1360x768@60        1792    795      47.7121 - -      85.50        64   112  256      3    7   17        MythTV modelines, HDTV EDID ModePool
d   Sharp D65E           1360x768@60        1792    795      47.7121 - -      85.50        64   112  256      3    7   17        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Sharp LC-40C32U      1360x768@60        1792    795              + +      85.5         64   112  256      3    6   18        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Sony KDL-40S2000     1360x768@60        1792    795                       85.500       72   112  248      3    6   18        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Sony KDL-32M3000     1360x768@60        1792    795              + +      85.500       64   112  256      3    6   18        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Samsung LNS3241D     1360x768           1792    795              + +      85.50        64   112  256      3    6   18        MythTV modelines, device-specific; LNS3241D, LNS3251D
d   Samsung LNR328W      1360x768@60.01     1792    795              + +      85.5         56   112  264      3    6   18        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Samsung LA40R81BD    1360x768@60        1792    795              + +      85.800       80   112  240      3    6   18        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Samsung LE32R51B     1360x768@60.02     1792    795              + +      85.500       64   112  256      3    6   18        MythTV modelines, device-specific; LE32R51B, LE26Rx, LE37R4, LE40R5, LE32R71
d   Sanyo DP24460        1360x768@60        1792    795              - -      85.502       64   112  256      3    6   18        MythTV modelines, device-specific
S   DMT+CVT RB (v4l2)    1360x768@119.97    1520    813      97.5329 + -     148.250       48    32   80      3    5   37        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1360X768P120_RB; REDUCED_BLANKING
S   DMT v1.0 r11         1360x768@119.97    1520    813      97.5329 + -     148.250       48    32   80      3    5   37        RB
===                      1365x768 16:9      // "Wide XGA", 768-line format; LCD/plasma displays
d   NEC PX-50XM5         1365x768@60        1526    788      47.3    + +      72.149       51    50   60      4    4   12        MythTV modelines, device-specific
==  HD-Ready, HD/FWXGA   1366x768 ~16:9     // wxga (ffmpeg); Standardized HDTV 720p/1080i displays or "HD ready", used in most cheaper notebooks and low-end LCD TVs; common cheap 18.5" screens; most popular for LCD TVs in 2006; just over 1 MB RAM
c   VGA VIA              1366x768@50.00     1766    791      39.550  - -      69.924       56   144  200      1    3   19        fb.modes, VIA
S   DMT (v4l2)           1366x768@59.79     1792    798      47.7121 + +      85.500       70   143  213      3    3   24        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1366X768P60
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)  1360x768@59.799    1776    798      47.7196 - +      84.750       72   136  208      3   10   17        from EDID
d   LuckyGold 32LG3000   1366x768@59.81     1798    795              + -      85.500      128   130  174      2    6   19        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Vizio VX37L          1366x768@59.815    1798    795      47.553  - +      85.5        128   130  174      2    6   19        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Vizio VW37L          1366x768@59.815    1798    795      47.553  - +      85.5        128   130  174      2    6   19        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Vizio VX32L          1366x768@59.815    1798    795              - +      85.5        128   130  174      2    6   19        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)  1368x768@59.853    1528    790      47.2840 + -      72.250       48    32   80      3   10    9        from EDID
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)  1368x768@59.882    1784    798      47.7859 - +      85.250       72   136  208      3   10   17        from EDID
S   DMT RB (v4l2)        1366x768@60        1500    800      48.0000 + +      72.000       14    56   64      1    3   28        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1366X768P60_RB; REDUCED_BLANKING
d   Toshiba 32WL68E      1366x768@60        1786    795              + +      85.50        58   112  250      3    6   18        MythTV modelines, device-specific
c   VGA VIA              1366x768@60.00     1798    795      47.700  - -      85.86        72   144  216      1    3   23        fb.modes, VIA
d   Olevia LT26HVX       1366x768@60.02     1792    795              + +      85.500       80   112  240      3    6   18        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Olevia LT26HVX       1366x768@60.55     1776    795                       85.50       112   112  186      3    6   18        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Panasonic TH-50PX60A 1366x768@60.02     1792    795              + +      85.500       80   112  240      3    6   18        MythTV modelines, device-specific; TH-50PX600A, TH-50PX60A, TH-50PX70A
c   VGA GTF    HD        1368x768@60        1800    795      47.7    - +      85.86        72   144  216      1    3   23        MHi modelines table
d   Panasonic TH-50PX80A 1366x768@60        1816    808                       88.0         40   280  112      0   12   26        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Ventura Wide         1366x768@60.095    1798    795              + +      85.9         72   188  172      1    3   23        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Olevia monitor       1366x768@60.986    1526    793      48.3617 + +      73.800       48    32   80      5   10   10
e   Asus EEE LVDS-1      1366x768@61.435    1560    793              - -      76.00        20    10  164      2    3   20        [ref]
e   LVDS HDMI            1366x768@70.85     1600    838              - -      95.0000      80    34  120     12    8   50        den_pol=0, dclk_pol=1, LVDS_8BIT_1, OUT_D888_P666; has dsp_lut; [ref]
=== WXGA                 1368x768 16:9      // "HD ready"
d   LuckyGold 32LG3000   1368x768@59.80     1800    795      47.54   - +      85.57        72   144  216      1    3   23        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Vizio I47            1368x768@59.392    1754    793              + +      82.61        56   155  175      2  -13   36        MythTV modelines, device-specific;# WORKS; 720p
c   CVT R                1368x768R@59.85    1528    790      47.28   + -      72.25        48    32   80      3   10    9        x86 extramodes
c   CVT                  1368x768@59.88     1784    798      47.79   - +      85.25        72   136  208      3   10   17        x86 extramodes
d   Fujitsu 50" plasma   1368x768@60        1792    795              + +      85.478       56   112  256      3    6   18        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   ViewSonic N3251w     1368x768@60.0      1792    795              + +      85.478       56   112  256      3    6   18        MythTV modelines, device-specific
C   GTF/VESA             1368x768@60.00     1800    795      47.7000 - +      85.860       72   144  216      1    3   23        common X11 modelines; VESA [ref]
d   LuckyGold 32LG3000   1368x768@60.00     1800    795      47.7    - +      85.86        72   144  216      1    3   23        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Olevia LT32HVE       1368x768@60.00     1800    795              - +      85.86        72   144  216      1    3   23        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Wstghouse SK-32H240S 1368x768@60.005    1496    816              + -      73.250       40    32   56      3    5   40        MythTV modelines, device-specific; Westinghouse
d   Olevia LT26HVX       1368x768@60.55     1776    795                       85.50       110   112  186      3    6   18        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Olevia monitor       1368x768@60.849    1800    798      48.5572 - +      87.403       88   136  208      3   10   17
==== 1.23M2.083	         1600x768 25:12     // Sony VAIO P series
cf  Apollo monitor       1024x776@58.693    1344    824      48.3631          65.000       96    40  184      4    8   36        sync on green; [ref]
=====                    1077x788 ~4:3      // some document cameras; Aver 300, Samsung S900DX
=== Amiga                640x800            // Amiga resolution, ECS (2bpp)/AGA (8bpp) chipsets, "euro72-lace","dblntsc-lace"
==== 0.82M3              1024x800 ~4:3      // Sun, @84; Apollo (CAD workstation), 63.9 kHz, 76 Hz
e   RGB TX23D88VM        1200x800@61.91     1300    820              - -      66.0000      70    10   20     14    2    4        den_pol=0, dclk_pol=0, LVDS_8BIT_1, OUT_D888_P666; [ref]
=====                    1280x800 16:10     // CMOS image sensor, some with onboard processor; OnSemi AR0140
==  WXGA 16:10/max       1280x800 16:10     // common aspect ratio in widescreen notebooks until ca. 2010; useful compromise between 4:3 XGA and 16:9 WXGA; projectors, common; popular for 12"-15" laptops, just under 1MB RAM; became uncommon, displaced by 768-line panels; common Android devices; Wyse Wy-700 (1980); Kindle Fire HD 7", Nexus 7
d   Compaq 171FS         1280x800@50        1592    841              - -      67.26        32   248   32     17    7   17        [ref]
e   RGB HJ101NA          1280x800@57.79     1466    838              - -      71.0000      16    10  160     12    3   23        den_pol=0, dclk_pol=0, OUT_P888; [ref]
e   LVDS HDMI            1280x800@59.11     1320    833              - -      65.0000      20    10   10     13   10   10        den_pol=0, dclk_pol=1, LVDS_8BIT_1, OUT_D888_P666; [ref]
c   CVT 1.02MA           1280x800@59.81     1680    831      49.70   - +      83.50        72   128  200      3    6   22        x86 extramodes
S   DMT+CVT (v4l2)       1280x800@59.81     1680    831      49.7024 - +      83.500       72   128  200      3    6   22        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1280X800P60
S   DMT v1.0 r11         1280x800@59.81     1680    831      49.7024 - +      83.500       72   128  200      3    6   22        STD (81 00) CVT (8f 18 28)
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)  1280x800@59.81     1680    831      49.7024 - +      83.500       72   128  200      3    6   22        from EDID
S   DMT+CVT RB (v4l2)    1280x800@59.91     1440    823      49.3056 + -      71.000       48    32   80      3    6   14        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1280X800P60_RB; REDUCED_BLANKING
S   DMT v1.0 r11         1280x800@59.91     1440    823      49.3056 + -      71.000       48    32   80      3    6   14        CVT-RB (8f 18 21)
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)  1280x800@59.91     1440    823      49.3056 + -      71.000       48    32   80      3    6   14        from EDID
c   CVT 1.02MA-R         1280x800@59.91     1440    823      49.31   + -      71.00        48    32   80      3    6   14        x86 extramodes
e   LVDS AA121TD01       1280x800@59.91     1440    823                       71.0000      20    70   70      3    5   15        data-mapping=jeida-24; Mitsubishi; [ref]
e   LVDS/RGB DS1006H     1280x800@59.91     1440    823              - -      71.0000     158     1    1     21    1    1        den_pol=0, dclk_pol=1(LVDS)/0(RGB), LVDS_8BIT_1, OUT_P888; [ref]
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)  1280x800@59.972    1360    823      98.7132 + - DS  134.250       24    16   40      1    3   19        from EDID
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)  1280x800@59.987    1752    829      99.4578 - + DS  174.250      100   136  236      1    3   25        from EDID
e   LVDS on Tegra        1280x800@59.99     1440    823      49.375  - -      71.1000      60    40   60      7    9    7        pix-clk=1, data-enable=1; nVidia Tegra K1 LVDS, from dts; [ref]
e   LVDS LCD_B101ew05    1280x800@61.797    1408    816              - -      71.0000      18    10  100      6    2    8        de-active=0, pixelclk-active=0, out-face=OUT_D888_P666, lvds-format=LVDS_8BIT_2; [ref]
l   Amilopro 2055        1280x800@59.998    1680    828              - +      83.46        64   136  200      1    3   24
c   GTF/VESA             1280x800@59.998    1680    828      49.6786 - +      83.460       64   136  200      1    3   24        common X11 modelines; VESA [ref]
c   VGA NVIDIA           1280x800@60        1680    828      49.6786 + +      83.46        64   136  200      1    3   24        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
c   VGA GTF              1280x800@60        1680    828      49.68   - +      83.46        64   136  200      1    3   24        MHi modelines table
c   VGA VIA              1280x800@60.00     1800    840      60.000  + +     108           96   112  312      1    3   36        fb.modes, VIA
e   LVDS/RGB B101EW05    1280x800@61.80     1408    816              - -      71.0000      18    10  100      6    2    8        den_pol=0, dclk_pol=1(LVDS)/0(RGB), LVDS_8BIT_2, OUT_D888_P666; [ref]
S   DMT+CVT (v4l2)       1280x800@74.934    1696    838      62.7948 - +     106.500       80   128  208      3    6   29        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1280X800P75
S   DMT v1.0 r11         1280x800@74.934    1696    838      62.7948 - +     106.500       80   128  208      3    6   29        STD (81 0f) CVT (8f 18 44)
S   DMT+CVT (v4l2)       1280x800@84.88     1712    843      71.5537 - +     122.500       80   136  216      3    6   34        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1280X800P85
S   DMT v1.0 r11         1280x800@84.88     1712    843      71.5537 - +     122.500       80   136  216      3    6   34        STD (81 19) CVT (8f 18 62)
S   DMT+CVT RB (v4l2)    1280x800@119.91    1440    847     101.5625 + -     146.250       48    32   80      3    6   38        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1280X800P120_RB; REDUCED_BLANKING
S   DMT v1.0 r11         1280x800@119.91    1440    847     101.5625 + -     146.250       48    32   80      3    6   38        RB
====                     1920x800 12:5      // "21:9"
=====!                   2560x800 32:10     // standard image size
======                   1296x808           // CMOS image sensor, onboard processor
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)  1440x810@59.977    1520    833      99.9211 + - DS  151.880       24    16   40      1    3   19        from EDID
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)  1440x810@59.994    1968    839     100.6707 - + DS  198.120      108   156  264      1    3   25        from EDID
======                   1296x812           // CMOS image sensor, onboard processor
======                   1296x816           // CMOS image sensor
====                     819i               // 819 line TV, 736/737 visible lines (one is of two halves)
====                     1200x824 ~13:9     // eink 9.7", Kindle DX
====                     1200x825 ~13:9     // eink 9.7", Icarus Excel, Illumina Pro, Onyx Boox M96/N96, Pocketbook Pro 902/903/912; Waveshare 9.7"
====XGA+/NeXT            1120x832 ~11:8     // 0.93M3; NeXT, 61.3 kHz, 68 Hz; NeXT "slab"; 4-level gray, color; NeXT Megapixel display
====1.09M2               1280x854 3:2       // Apple PowerBook G4; some TVs?
=== Digital Cinema 2x    2048x858 2.39:1    // digital film, Digital Cinema 2x; DCI 2K CinemaScope-cropped
====                     1024x864           // workstation, DEC VR, 54.0 kHz, 60 Hz
cf  Apollo monitor       1024x864@60.18     1272    904      54.4025 + +      69.200       16   128  104      0    3   37        sync on green [ref]
=== 9CIF                 1056x864 4:3/11:9  // videoconferencing
====                     1152x864           // text 144x45 (char 8x16)
=== XGA+, Apple XGA      1152x864 4:3       // Apple Computer 1-megapixel standard; VESA standard
===                                         // largest 4:3 array yielding less than a binary megapixel (2^20, 1048576 pixels, 1048 decimal kilopixels), greatest "normal" res at common colour depths with a standard amount of video memory; common on 17" CRTs
===                                         // VESA, 67.5 kHz, 75 Hz
c   VGA ATI              1152x864i@43.51    1416   1055      45.904  + +      65           72   128   64     78    9  104        fb.modes, ATI
c   VGA ATI              1152x864i@47.4     1448    947      44.890  + +      65           88   128   80     30    9   44        fb.modes, ATI
c   VGA ATI              1152x864@59.98     1456    916      54.945  + +      80           64   112  128      6    5   41        fb.modes, ATI
cf  DEC VR290-DA VaxSt   1152x864@59.856    1496    900      53.8703 - -      80.590       24   144  176      2    5   29        DEC VR290-DA VaxStation; sync-on-green [ref]
c   VGA GTF              1152x864@60        1520    895      53.7    - +      81.62        64   120  184      1    3   27        MHi modelines table
C   VESA                 1152x864@59.997    1520    895      53.7    - +      81.62        64   120  184      1    3   27        VESA [ref]
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)  1152x864@59.997    1520    895      53.6974 - +      81.620       64   120  184      1    3   27        from EDID
c                        1152x864@60.013    1520    895      53.7118 + +      81.642       64   120  184      1    3   27        common X11 modelines
d   Samsung HL-R5678W    1152x864@60        1616    900              + +     107.981       80   128  256      1    3   32        MythTV modelines, device-specific
cf  Hitachi HM-4119      1152x864@66.000    1456    936      61.7761 - -      89.946        8    96  200      6   15   51        Hitachi HM-4119-S-AA-0; [ref]
c   VGA ATI              1152x864@69.99     1512    945      66.138  + +     100           40   152  168     13   11   57        fb.modes, ATI
cf  KFC CA-1726          1152x864@73.55     1504    904      66.4894 - -     100.000       48    96  208      2    3   35        old multisync monitor (ca 1997) [ref]
c   VGA ATI/VIA          1152x864@74.99     1464   1002      75.137  + +     110           24   144  144     45    8   85        fb.modes, ATI, VIA
S   DMT (v4l2)           1152x864@75.000    1600    900      67.5000 + +     108.000       64   128  256      1    3   32        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1152X864P75
S   DMT v1.0 r11         1152x864@75.000    1600    900      67.5000 + +     108.000       64   128  256      1    3   32        STD (71 4F)
C   VESA                 1152x864@75.00     1600    900      67.5000 + +     108.000       64   128  256      1    3   32        common X11 modelines; VESA [ref]
c   VESA                 1152x864@75        1600    900      67.5    + +     108.00        64   128  256      1    3   32        MythTV modelines, VESA ModePool
c   VGA NVIDIA           1152x864@75        1600    900      67.5    + +     108.00        64   128  256      1    3   32        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
c   VGA VESA             1152x864@75        1600    900      67.5    + +     108.0         64   128  256      1    3   32        MHi modelines table
cf  IBM 6091 mode 3      1152x864@76.000    1608    917      69.6915 - -     112.064       72    96  288      2   15   36        historical monitor, 5-BNC; nonstandard timing [ref]
cf  IBM 6091-19          1152x864@79.582    1518    894      71.1462 - -     108.000        4   144  218      1    3   26        historical monitor, 5-BNC; nonstandard timing [ref]
cf  IBM 6091-19          1152x864@79.582    1518    894      71.1462 - -     108.000       20   144  202      1    3   26        historical monitor, 5-BNC; nonstandard timing [ref]
c   VGA ATI              1152x864@79.74     1440    958      76.389  + +     110           16   112  160     30    7   57        fb.modes, ATI
cf  Sun GDM-20D10        1152x864@81.471    1440    895      72.9167         105.000       40   160   88      1   10   20        [ref]
C   VESA                 1152x864@85.00     1552    907      77.0947 + +     119.651       72   128  200      1    3   39        common X11 modelines; VESA [ref]
c   VGA GTF              1152x864@85        1552    907      77.1    - +     119.65        72   128  200      1    3   39        MHi modelines table
c   VGA NVIDIA           1152x864@85        1568    911      77.4872 + -     121.50        64   128  224      1    3   43        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
cf  Sun GDM-1934SG       1152x864@93.629    1519    900      84.2660 + -     128.000       84   104  179      3    3   30        [ref]
c   VGA GTF              1152x864@100       1568    915      91.5    - +     143.47        80   128  208      1    3   47        MHi modelines table
C   VESA                 1152x864@99.9986   1568    915      91.4987 - +     143.47        80   128  208      1    3   47        VESA [ref]
c   VESA                 1152x864@100.00    1568    915      91.5000 + +     143.472       80   128  208      1    3   47        common X11 modelines
====                     1536x864 16:9      // 6% use as of 2020, 3rd most common; multiply by 1.25 to 1920x1080; 1920x1080 with 125% screen magnification
d                        1536x864@58.893    2016    897      52.8274 - +     106.500       80   160  240      3    5   25
d                        1536x864@59.971    2032    897      53.7943 - +     109.310       88   160  248      3    5   25
====XGA+/Apple           1152x870 ~4:3      // ~1.32:1; RasterOps/Quadra, Macintosh II two-page-side-by-side 21" CRT monitors, 68.7 kHz, 75 Hz; fits 1MB framebuffer at 8bpp
c                        1152x870@54.788    1568    909      49.8023          78.090       16   216  184      0    7   32        Xorg modeline
c                        1152x870@63.923    1568    909      58.1059          91.110       16   216  184      0    9   30        Xorg modeline
c                        1152x870@73.051    1568    909      66.4031         104.120       16   216  184      0   10   29        Xorg modeline
t                        1152x870@75                                                                                             Established Timing
S!  Est., Apple II       1152x870@74.980    1456    916      68.6813 - -     100.000       32   128  144      4    3   39        Established Timing; [ref]
d   HP P1230 monitor     1152x870@75.031    1455    916      68.7285         100.000       48    81  174      1    4   41        xorg modeline, factory-supplied [ref]
d   iMac display         1152x870@75.219    1552    908      68.2990 - -     106.000       72   128  200      1    3   34        [ref]
c                        1152x870@82.186    1568    909      74.7066         117.140       16   216  184      0   12   27        Xorg modeline
c                        1152x870@91.313    1568    909      83.0038         130.150       16   216  184      0   13   26        Xorg modeline
c                        1152x870@98.659    1568    909      89.6811         140.620       16   216  184      0   15   24
c                        1152x870@100.45    1568    909      91.3074         143.170       16   216  184      0   16   23        Xorg modeline
c                        1152x870@108.43    1624    909      98.5653         160.070       16   216  240      0   16   23        Xorg modeline
====                     2142x876 ~22:9     // smartphones; Motorola Razr 2020 (6.2")
cf  IBM 6091-19          1152x890@68.227    1494    932      63.5877 - +      95.000        2    99  241      4    4   34        verified; historical monitor, 5-BNC; nonstandard timing [ref]
=== XGA+/Sun             1152x900 ~4:3      // 1.28:1; Sun, 61.8 kHz, 66 Hz; Sun, 71.7 kHz, 76 Hz; Sun-2, Sun-3, Sun-4 workstation, early 1980s; fits 1MB framebuffer at 8bpp
cf  Sun 16" 76 Hz        1152x900@64.935    1540    940      61.0390          94.000       72   100  216      4   16   20        ballpark [ref]
cf  Hitachi HM-4119      1152x900@66.000    1456    936      61.7761 - -      89.946        8    96  200      0    7   29        Hitachi HM-4119-S-AA-0; some folding on top; [ref]
cf  Sun GDM-1962B        1152x900@66.004    1528    937      61.8455 - -      94.500       40   128  208      2    4   31        [ref]
cf  Sun-3 Hitachi        1152x900@66.864    1456    945      63.1868 - -      92.000       64   144   96      1    8   36        [ref]
cf  Sun GDM-1962b        1152x900@67.724    1456    933      63.1868 - -      92.000        8   144  152      1    8   24        [ref]
cf  Sun GDM-20D10        1152x900@75.988    1504    945      71.8085         108.000       34   128  190     12    3   30        needs hw adapter; [ref]
cf  Sun GDM-20D10        1152x900@75.997    1552    940      71.4369 com     110.870       72   128  200      1    3   36        [ref]
cf  Sun GDM-1962B        1152x900@76.000    1456    943      71.6676 - -     104.348       48   128  128      2    4   37        [ref]
cf  Sun GDM-1962B        1152x900@76.000    1456    943      71.6676 -C-     104.348       48   128  128      2    4   37        [ref]
cf  Sun GDM-1962B        1152x900@76.000    1456    943      71.6676 +C+     104.348       48   128  128      2    4   37        [ref]
cf  Sun GDM-1962B        1152x900@76.000    1456    943      71.6676 - -     104.348       40   128  136      2    4   37        [ref]
cf  Sun GDM-1962b        1152x900@76.271    1508    939      71.6180 - -     108.000       48   288   20      3    7   29        [ref]
====                     1400x900 14:9      // somewhat common size in between 4:3 and 16:9, intermediate format; laptops, old cheaper semiwidescreens
l   Toshiba P25          1400x900@59.882    1424    903      54.0730          77.000        8     8    8      1    1    1        Toshiba Satellite P25 [ref]
c   CVT R                1400x900@59.88     1560    926      55.45   + -      86.50        48    32   80      3   10   13        x86 extramodes
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)  1400x900@59.88     1560    926      55.4487 + -      86.500       48    32   80      3   10   13        from EDID
c   CVT                  1400x900@59.96     1848    934      56.01   - +     103.50        80   144  224      3   10   21        x86 extramodes
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)  1400x900@59.964    1848    934      56.0065 - +     103.500       80   144  224      3   10   21        from EDID
c                        1400x900@59.98     1864    932      55.9013 - +     104.200       80   152  232      1    3   28        [ref]
c   GTF                  1440x900@59.999    1904    932      55.9191 - +     106.470       80   152  232      1    3   28        common X11 modelines
l   ASUS MV50M-A1        1440x900@59.999    1904    932      55.9191 - +     106.470       80   152  232      1    3   28        [ref]
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)  1440x900@59.887    1904    934      55.9349 - +     106.500       80   152  232      3    6   25        from EDID
=== WXGA+/WSXGA 16:10    1440x900 16:10     // common aspect ratio on 12.1..17" widescreen notebooks and many 19" LCDs until ca 2010; WXGA(II), mislabeled "WXGA"
===                                         // VESA nonstd modes 352/256col,353/15b,354/16b,355/24b,356/32b; nonstd linux kernel vga=864/256col,865/15b,866/16b,867/24b,868/32b; may not work on all graphics cards; 864 on some laptops selects 1280x800/8bit
S   DMT+CVT (v4l2)       1440x900@59.887    1904    934      55.9349 - +     106.500       80   152  232      3    6   25        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1440X900P60
S   DMT v1.0 r11         1440x900@59.887    1904    934      55.9349 - +     106.500       80   152  232      3    6   25        STD (95 00) CVT (C1 18 28)
S   DMT+CVT RB (v4l2)    1440x900@59.901    1600    926      55.4688 + -      88.750       48    32   80      3    6   17        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1440X900P60_RB; REDUCED_BLANKING
S   DMT v1.0 r11         1440x900@59.901    1600    926      55.4688 + -      88.750       48    32   80      3    6   17        CVT (RB) CVT (c1 18 21)
c   VGA GTF              1440x900@60        1904    932      55.9191 - +     106.47        80   152  232      1    3   28        MHi modelines table; VESA [ref]
c   VGA NVIDIA           1440x900@60        1912    946      56.9247 + +     108.84        32   408   32     18    9   19        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
c   CVT 1.30MA           1440x900@59.89     1904    934      55.93   - +     106.50        88   144  232      3    6   25
c   VGA VIA              1440x900@60.00     1904    989      55.935  + +     106.5         80   152  232      3    6   80        fb.modes, VIA
S   DMT+CVT (v4l2)       1440x900@74.984    1936    942      70.6353 - +     136.750       96   152  248      3    6   33        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1440X900P75
S   DMT v1.0 r11         1440x900@74.984    1936    942      70.6353 - +     136.750       96   152  248      3    6   33        STD (95 0f) CVT (C1 18 44)
c   VGA VIA              1440x900@75.00     1936    942      70.635  + +     136.75        96   152  248      3    6   33        fb.modes, VIA
S   DMT+CVT (v4l2)       1440x900@84.842    1952    948      80.4303 - +     157.000      104   152  256      3    6   39        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1440X900P85
S   DMT v1.0 r11         1440x900@84.842    1952    948      80.4303 - +     157.000      104   152  256      3    6   39        STD (95 19) CVT (C1 18 68)
S   DMT+CVT RB (v4l2)    1440x900@119.85    1600    953     114.2188 + -     182.750       48    32   80      3    6   44        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1440X900P120_RB; REDUCED_BLANKING
S   DMT v1.0 r11         1440x900@119.85    1600    953     114.2188 + -     182.750       48    32   80      3    6   44        RB
=== HDTV+, HD+, 900p     1600x900 16:9      // HD Plus; common cheap 19" screens; HDTV+ (HEVC codec), 16:9; see also 1600x1000 but 1680x1050 more common
c   CVT 1.44M9-R         1600x900@59.82     1760    926      55.40   + -      97.50        48    32   80      3    5   18        x86 extramodes
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)  1600x900@59.825    1760    926      55.3977 + -      97.500       48    32   80      3    5   18        from EDID
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)  1600x900@59.942    1680    926     111.0119 + - DS  186.500       24    16   40      1    3   22        from EDID
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)  1600x900@59.946    2112    934      55.9896 - +     118.250       96   160  256      3    5   26        from EDID
d   DELL S2009W          1600x900@59.978    1760    926      55.5398 + -      97.750       48    32   80      3    5   18        from EDID [ref]
c   CVT 1.44M9           1600x900@59.95     2112    934      55.99   - +     118.25        96   160  256      3    5   26        x86 extramodes
c   VGA VIA              1600x900@60.00     2112    934      55.990  - -     118.25        88   168  256      3    5   26        fb.modes, VIA
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)  1600x900@59.988    2200    932     111.8182 - + DS  246.000      128   172  300      1    3   28        from EDID
d   7" HDMI MPI7002, sec 1600x900@60.00     1800   1000              + +     108.000       24    80   96      1    3   96        from EDID, hands-on hardware, mode #2; flags: phsync, pvsync; type: driver
S   DMT RB (v4l2)        1600x900@60.000    1800   1000      60.0000 + +     108.000       24    80   96      1    3   96        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1600X900P60_RB; REDUCED_BLANKING
d   Flatron E2042        1600x900@60.000    1800   1000      60.0000 + +     108.000       24    80   96      1    3   96        [ref]
=====                    1800x900 2:1       // CMOS image sensor; OV10650, IMX224,
=== CWSXGA               2880x900 32:10     // 16:5; NEC CRV43, Ostendo CRVD, Alienware Curved Display
=====                    1216x912 4:3       // one megapixel sensor example
a   mame.ini             1216x912i@30.001   1536   1049      31.4714 - -      48.340       48   184   88     45    4   88        from mame.ini
=====                    1640x922 16:9      // raspi camera v2, IMX 219, mode 5, 2x2 binning, 0.1-40 fps
a   mame.ini             1240x928i@29.999   1568   1047      31.4094 - -      49.250       48   184   96     36    4   79        from mame.ini
======                   1820x940 ~31:16    // CMOS image sensor
a   mame.ini             1264x944i@29.999   1600   1049      31.4688 - -      50.350       48   192   96     29    4   72        from mame.ini
======                   1828x948 ~31:16    // CMOS image sensor; automotive
=== Amiga                640x960            // Amiga resolution, ECS (2bpp)/AGA (8bpp) chipsets, "multiscan-lace"
======                   1080x960 9:8       // CMOS image sensor
=====!                   1280x960 4:3       // "960p"; standard image size, 1Mpix; image sensor in Fujifilm DS-300 (1997), 1.3 Mpix; iphone 6/SE front cam; security cameras, 1.2 Mpix; CMOS image sensors, some with processors; Omnivision OV9716, OnSemi AR0132/AR0136; GoPro Hero 7 960p
====                     1280x960           // text 160x60 (char 8x16)
=== SXGA-/UVGA/960p      1280x960p 4:3      // VESA 1.23M3, 4:3 alternative to 1280x1024; 2x2 640x480; 4:3 square-pixel variant of 1280x1024 5:4; popular LCD panel size
=== Atari                                   // Atari TT mode, custom noninterlaced ECL monitor, 1bpp, 70Hz, "tthigh"
a   mame.ini             1280x960i@29.951   1616   1051      31.4790 - -      50.870       48   192   96     22    4   65        from mame.ini
d   Compaq 171FS         1280x960i@30       1512   1009              - -      45.97        32   168   32     22    5   22        [ref]
d   Samsung HL-R5678W    1280x960@59.99     1800   1000              + +     107.981      112   112  296      5    3   32        MythTV modelines, device-specific
c   VGA                  1280x960@60        1712    994              - +     102.1         80   136  216      1    3   30        MHi modelines table; VESA [ref]
S   DMT (v4l2)           1280x960@60.000    1800   1000      60.0000 + +     108.000       96   112  312      1    3   36        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1280X960P60
S   DMT v1.0 r11         1280x960@60.000    1800   1000      60.0000 + +     108.000       96   112  312      1    3   36        STD (81 40)
C   VESA                 1280x960@60.00     1800   1000      60.0000 + +     108.000       96   112  312      1    3   36        common X11 modelines
c   VESA                 1280x960@60        1800   1000      60      + +     108.00        96   112  312      1    3   36        MythTV modelines, VESA ModePool
c   VGA NVIDIA           1280x960@60        1800   1000      60      + +     108.00        96   112  312      1    3   36        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
c   VGA VESA             1280x960@60        1800   1000      60.0    + +     108.0         96   112  312      1    3   36        MHi modelines table
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)  1280x960@60.000    1800   1000      60.0000 + +     108.000       96   112  312      1    3   36        from EDID
cf  IBM 6091-19          1280x960@71.215    1720    996      70.9302 - -     122.000       44   392    4      3   11   22        historical monitor, 5-BNC; nonstandard timing [ref]
c   VGA GTF              1280x960@71.9997   1728   1001      72.0718 - +     124.54        88   136  224      1    3   37        MHi modelines table; VESA [ref]
c   VGA ATI              1280x960@74.788    1680   1000      74.788  + +     125.644       32   144  224      1    3   36        fb.modes, ATI
c   VESA                 1280x960@75.00     1728   1002      75.1499 + +     129.859       88   136  224      1    3   38        common X11 modelines
c   VGA GTF              1280x960@75        1728   1002      75.15   - +     129.86        88   136  224      1    3   38        MHi modelines table; VESA [ref]
d   iMac display         1280x960@75.433    1728   1005      75.8102 - -     131.000       88   136  224      1    3   41        [ref]
S   DMT (v4l2)           1280x960@85.002    1728   1011      85.9375 + +     148.500       64   160  224      1    3   47        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1280X960P85
S   DMT v1.0 r11         1280x960@85.002    1728   1011      85.9375 + +     148.500       64   160  224      1    3   47        STD (81 59)
C   VESA                 1280x960@85.002    1728   1011      85.9375 + +     148.500       64   160  224      1    3   47        common X11 modelines; VESA [ref]
c   VGA NVIDIA           1280x960@85        1728   1011      85.9375 + +     148.50        64   160  224      1    3   47        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
c   VGA VESA             1280x960@85        1728   1011      85.9    + +     148.5         64   160  224      1    3   47        MHi modelines table
c   VESA                 1280x960@85        1728   1011      85.9375 + +     148.50        64   160  224      1    3   47        MythTV modelines, VESA ModePool
c   VGA GTF              1280x960@100       1760   1017     101.7    - +     178.99        96   144  240      1    3   53        MHi modelines table
c                        1280x960@100.00    1760   1017     101.7000 + +     178.992       96   144  240      1    3   53        common X11 modelines; VESA [ref]
S   DMT+CVT RB (v4l2)    1280x960@119.84    1440   1017     121.8750 + -     175.500       48    32   80      3    4   50        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1280X960P120_RB; REDUCED_BLANKING
S   DMT v1.0 r11         1280x960@119.84    1440   1017     121.8750 + -     175.500       48    32   80      3    4   50        RB
====                     1408x960 22:15     // "DigiCipher" as proposed, early HDTV by General Instruments; 59.94 Hz interlaced, 16-QAM modulation
=== WSXGA 3:2, HDTV 1440 1440x960 3:2       // 1.38M2; "HDTV 1440"; ATRC-Consortium "Advanced Digital Television" as proposed, early HDTV, 59.94 Hz interlaced, SS-QAM modulation; Apple PowerBook G4
c                        1440x960@59.983    1904    996      59.7426 - +     113.750       88   144  232      3   10   23        [ref]
d   Toshiba TW40x81      1440x960i@29.972   1816   1125      33.7181 + +      61.232      119    40  217     64   27   74        [ref]
====                     1536x960 16:10     // VESA 1.47MA
====                     1704x960 16:9      // VESA 1.64M9
d   Mitsubishi WS-55513  1760x960@29.97     2208   1126              - -      74.5        128   208  112     52   16   98        MythTV modelines, device-specific; in1080i
d   Toshiba 50H81        1760x960i@29.973   2208   1126              - -      74.52       128   208  112     52   16   98        MythTV modelines, device-specific;interlace; in1080i
======                   1288x968 ~4:3      // CMOS image sensor
=====                    1344x968 ~4:3      // CMOS image sensor; automotive, common; OnSemi AR0143
=====                    1296x972 4:3       // raspi camera, v1, OV5647, mode 4, 1..42 fps, 2x2 binning
======                   1296x976 ~4:3      // CMOS image sensor
a   mame.ini             1304x976i@29.505   1640   1067      31.4817 - -      51.630       48   192   96     22    4   65        from mame.ini
a   mame.ini             1328x992i@29.070   1672   1083      31.4833 - -      52.640       48   200   96     22    4   65        from mame.ini
======                   1000x1000 1:1      // CCD image sensor
====                     1600x1000 16:10    // older 20-22" CRT monitors; 1680x1050 more common
c                        1600x1000@60.00    2144   1035      62.0998 + +     133.142      104   168  272      1    3   31        common X11 modelines
c                        1600x1000@75.00    2160   1044      78.3000 + +     169.128      104   176  280      1    3   40        common X11 modelines
c                        1600x1000@84.997   2176   1050      89.2472 + +     194.202      112   176  288      1    3   46        common X11 modelines
c                        1600x1000@100.00   2192   1059     105.9001 + +     232.133      120   176  296      1    3   55        common X11 modelines
====                     1776x1000 ~16:9    // available in some monitors/TVs
d   Toshiba TW40x81      1776x1000i@29.970  2328   1125      33.7161 + +      78.491      182    56  314     56   21   48        [ref]
====                      728x1008          // MDSI Genius Card, 2-color
a   mame.ini             1344x1008i@28.644  1696   1099      31.4800 - -      53.390       48   200  104     22    4   65        from mame.ini
====Amiga                 640x1024          // Amiga resolution, ECS (2bpp)/AGA (8bpp) chipsets, "dblpal-lace"
====                      768x1024          // text 96x64 (char 8x16)
=====                    1024x1024 1:1      // image sensor in Nikon NASA F4 (1991), 1 Mpix; CCD image sensors, eg. TC 215; CMOS image sensor
====1.05M1:1             1024x1024          // Realtek RTVGA, Network Computing Devices thin client
cf  IBM 6091-19 Mode 1   1024x1024@60.00    1408   1056      63.3599 - -      89.2108      21   160  203      3    3   26        native, from timing [ref]
cf  IBM 6091-19 mode 1   1024x1024@60.000   1408   1056      63.3599 - +      89.211       21   160  203      3    3   26        native; when clock/videoram limits horz res; historical monitor, 5-BNC; native-ish timing [ref]
=====!                   1280x1024 5:4      // some 1.3Mpix digital camera sensors (1999-2000); security cameras, 1.3 Mpix; CMOS camera sensors, some with processors; some machine vision cameras (C-mount)
==  SXGA                 1280x1024 5:4      // UNIX workstations standard; VESA 1.31M4, established standard; native for standard 17" and 19" LCDs; introduced with XGA-2; Apple/Sony 17" 5:4 CRTs; at 24bpp fits 4MB RAM; Sun @76
==                                          // sxga (ffmpeg); VESA standard modes 262/16col,263/256col,281/15b,282/16b,283/24b, nonstd 317/32b; linux kernel vga=0x306/16col,0x307/256col,0x319/15b,0x31a/16b,0x31b/24b, nonstd 829/32b
==                                          // VESA, 64.0 kHz, 60 Hz; VESA, 91.1 kHz, 85 Hz; IBM PowerPC 1/2, 81.3 kHz, 77 Hz; IBM PowerPC 3, 75.8 kHz, 72 Hz; IBM PowerPC 9/10, 63.6 kHz, 60 Hz
==                                          // old CAD workstations; SGI, 63.9 kHz, 60 Hz; SGI, 77.0 kHz, 72 Hz; IBM RS, 63.4 kHz, 60 Hz; DEC VR, 69.9 kHz, 66 Hz; DEC VR319, 70.7 kHz, 66 Hz; DEC VR320, 77.1 kHz, 72 Hz; Sun, 81.0 kHz, 76 Hz; Extron, 92 kHz, 86.8 Hz
====                     1280x1024          // text 160x64 (char 8x16), 160x128 (8x8)
d   Phillips 190b6       1280x1024@50       1680   1125      56.25            94.5         40   140  220      1    3   97        MythTV modelines, device-specific
cf  HP fixed-freq        1280x1024@59.979   1708   1056      63.3378 - -     108.181       44   184  200      3    3   26        HP 98784A/98752A/98754A/98789A; sync on green; calculated from specs; [ref]
d   Samsung HL-R5678W    1280x1024@60       1688   1066              + +     107.981       64   112  232      1    3   38        MythTV modelines, device-specific
c   VGA                  1280x1024@60       1688   1066              + +     108           48   112  248      1    3   38        MHi modelines table
c   VGA VESA             1280x1024@60       1688   1066      64.0    + +     108.0         48   112  248      1    3   38        MHi modelines table
d   Phillips 170S        1280x1024@60       1688   1066      64.0    + +     108.0         48   112  248      1    3   38        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Phillips 190S        1280x1024@60       1688   1066      64.0    + +     108.0         48   112  248      1    3   38        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Phillips 190b8       1280x1024@60       1600   1125      67.5            108           48   112  160      1    3   97        MythTV modelines, device-specific
S   DMT (v4l2)           1280x1024@60.02    1688   1066      63.9810 + +     108.000       48   112  248      1    3   38        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1280X1024P60
S   DMT v1.0 r11         1280x1024@60.02    1688   1066      63.9810 + +     108.000       48   112  248      1    3   38        
C   VESA                 1280x1024@60.02    1688   1066      63.9810 + +     108.000       48   112  248      1    3   38        common X11 modelines; VESA [ref]
t   HDTV EDID            1280x1024@60       1688   1066      63.981  + +     108.00        48   112  248      1    3   38        MythTV modelines, HDTV EDID ModePool
c   VESA                 1280x1024@60       1688   1066      63.981  + +     108.00        48   112  248      1    3   38        MythTV modelines, VESA ModePool
c   VGA NVIDIA           1280x1024@60       1688   1066      63.981  + +     108.00        48   112  248      1    3   38        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
c   VGA ATI/VIA          1280x1024@60.02    1688   1066      63.981  + +     108           48   112  248      1    3   38        fb.modes, ATI, VIA
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)  1280x1024@60.02    1688   1066      63.9810 + +     108.000       48   112  248      1    3   38        from EDID
d   Camboard HDMIxDVI    1280x1024@60.02    1688   1066      63.9810 - -     108.000       48   112  248      1    3   38
d   NEC LCD1960NX        1280x1024@60.02    1688   1066      63.9810 + +     108.000       48   112  248      1    3   38        from EDID, native; same clock and overall resolution for all modes, size by porches
d   NEC LCD1960NX        1280x1024@60.02    1688   1066      63.9810 - -     108.000       48   112  248      1    3   38        from EDID; same clock and overall resolution for all modes, size by porches
d   Sharp D65E           1280x1024@60       1688   1066      64.0    + +     108.0         48   112  248      1    3   38        MythTV modelines, device-specific; VESA
d   HP P1230 monitor     1280x1024@60.055   1687   1066      64.0190         108.000       65   109  233      1    3   38        xorg modeline, factory-supplied [ref]
cf  Hitachi CM2081A3     1280x1024@60.05    1720   1065      63.9535 + -     110.000       24   120  296      3    3   35        untested; [ref]
cf  Sun GDM-20D10        1280x1024@60.818   1716   1054      64.1026         110.000       60   184  192      1    3   26        needs hw adapter; [ref]
cf  IBM 6091-19 Mode 2   1280x1024@60.002   1760   1056      63.3625 - -     111.518       26   200  254      3    3   26        native, from timing [ref]
cf  IBM 6091-19 native   1280x1024@60.002   1760   1056      63.3625 - +     111.518       26   200  254      3    3   26        native timing; historical monitor, 5-BNC [ref]
cf  HP 98752A            1280x1024@60.767   1729   1066      64.7773 +?+?    112.000       32   193  224      3    3   36        [ref]
cf  KFC CA-1726          1280x1024@60.96    1712   1054      64.2523         110.000        8   184  240      1    3   26        old multisync monitor (ca 1997) [ref]
d   Dell UltraScan-17FS  1280x1024@60.960   1712   1054      64.2523         110.000       48   184  200      1    3   26        [ref]
cf  Sony GDM-1960        1280x1024@66.101   1696   1069      70.6621 + -     119.843       32   160  224      3    3   39        [ref]
cf  IBM 6091 mode 3      1280x1024@67.001   1696   1048      70.2176 - -     119.089       16   160  240      3    3   18        historical monitor, 5-BNC [ref]
cf  IBM 6091-19 mode 3   1280x1024@67.003   1696   1056      70.7547 - +     120.000       32   160  224      3    3   26        native timing; historical monitor, 5-BNC [ref]
cf  IBM 6091-19 Mode 3   1280x1024@67.003   1696   1056      70.7547 - -     120.0000      32   160  224      3    3   26        native, from timing [ref]
cf  Apollo monitor       1280x1024@68.243   1696   1080      73.7028         125.000       32   192  192      3    3   50        sync on green;[ref]
cf  Sun GDM-1962b        1280x1024@68.367   1616   1059      72.4010 - -     117.000       20   112  204      2    8   25        [ref]
d   Samsung HL-R5678W    1280x1024@70       1728   1066              - +     128.862      104   136  208      1    3   38        MythTV modelines, device-specific
c   VGA ATI              1280x1024@70.02    1688   1066      74.645  + +     126           80   112  216      1    5   36        fb.modes, ATI
cf  IBM 6091-19          1280x1024@70.104   1773   1062      74.4501 - +     132.000       67   133  293      4    4   30        historical monitor, 5-BNC; nonstandard timing; stable image, takes time to sync [ref]
cf  Sony GDM-1960        1280x1024@71.703   1696   1069      76.6509 + -     130.000       20   160  236      3    3   39        [ref]
d   Samsung HL-R5678W    1280x1024@72       1728   1067              - +     133.038      104   136  208      1    3   39        MythTV modelines, device-specific
cf  HP fixed-freq        1280x1024@72.005   1728   1085      78.1250 - -     135.000       64   192  192      3    3   55        HP 98774A/A1097x/A2088A/A2094A/A4032x/A4033x/A4330x/A4331x; sync on green; calculated from specs; [ref]
d   SGI GDM-20E21        1280x1024@72.239   1680   1065      76.9345 - -     129.250       30   140  230      2    8   31        from EDID, scaled
cf  Sun GDM-1934SG       1280x1024@72.296   1664   1064      76.9231 + -     128.000       32   104  248      3    3   34        [ref]
cf  Apollo monitor       1280x1024@72.557   1696   1063      77.1285 + +     130.810       32   160  224      3    3   33        sync on green [ref]
c   VGA ATI              1280x1024@74.11    1712   1064      78.855  + +     135           32   144  256      0   30   10        fb.modes, ATI
c   VGA ATI              1280x1024@74.958   1688   1066      79.905  + +     134.88        64   112  232      1    3   38        fb.modes, ATI
d   Phillips 190b8       1280x1024@75       1600   1050      78.75           126           48   112  160      1    3   22        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Hires Apple Studio   1280x1024@75.019   1688   1066      79.9698 + +     134.989       37   112  259      1    3   38        [ref]
S!  DMT (v4l2)           1280x1024@75.025   1688   1066      79.9763 + +     135.000       16   144  248      1    3   38        Established Timing; linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1280X1024P75
S   DMT v1.0 r11         1280x1024@75.025   1688   1066      79.9763 + +     135.000       16   144  248      1    3   38        STD (81 8f) CFT
C   VESA                 1280x1024@75.025   1688   1066      79.9763 + +     135.000       16   144  248      1    3   38        common X11 modelines; Established Timing?; VESA [ref]
d   SGI GDM20E21         1280x1024@75.025   1688   1066      79.9763 + +     135.000       16   144  248      1    3   38        from EDID, scaled
c   VESA                 1280x1024@75       1688   1066      79.9763 + +     135.00        16   144  248      1    3   38        MythTV modelines, VESA ModePool
c   VGA NVIDIA           1280x1024@75       1688   1066      79.9763 + +     135.00        16   144  248      1    3   38        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
d   NEC LCD1850E         1280x1024@75.025   1688   1066      79.9763         135.000       16   144  248      1    3   38        [ref]
d   Samsung HL-R5678W    1280x1024@75       1688   1066              + +     135.126       32   144  232      1    3   38        MythTV modelines, device-specific
c   VGA VESA             1280x1024@75       1688   1066      80.0    + +     135.0         16   144  248      1    3   38        MHi modelines table
c   VGA VIA              1280x1024@75.02    1688   1066      79.976  + +     135           16   144  248      1    3   38        fb.modes, VIA
d   HP P1230 monitor     1280x1024@75.069   1687   1066      80.0237         135.000       65   109  233      1    3   38        xorg modeline, factory-supplied [ref]
d   iMac display         1280x1024@75.248   1728   1069      80.4398 - -     139.000       88   136  224      1    3   41        [ref]
cf  Sun GDM-20D10        1280x1024@75.344   1684   1064      80.1663         135.000       48   144  212      3    3   34        needs hw adapter; [ref]
d   SGI GDM-20E21        1280x1024@75.924   1712   1079      81.9217 - -     140.250       32   176  224      3    3   49        from EDID, scaled
cf  Sun GDM-20D10        1280x1024@75.9998  1688   1060      80.5598 + +     135.985       48   112  248      1    3   32        [ref]
cf  Sun GDM-20D10        1280x1024@75.999   1744   1070      81.3188 com     141.820       96   136  232      1    3   42        [ref]
d   Hires Apple Studio   1280x1024@76.25    1664   1064      81.1298         135.000        8   104  272      3    3   34        [ref]
S   DMT (v4l2)           1280x1024@85.024   1728   1072      91.1458 + +     157.500       64   160  224      1    3   44        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1280X1024P85
S   DMT v1.0 r11         1280x1024@85.024   1728   1072      91.1458 + +     157.500       64   160  224      1    3   44        STD (81 99) CVT
c   VESA                 1280x1024@85.024   1728   1072      91.1458 + +     157.500       64   160  224      1    3   44        common X11 modelines; VESA [ref]
c   VGA VESA             1280x1024@85       1728   1072      91.1    + +     157.5         64   160  224      1    3   44        MHi modelines table
c   VGA NVIDIA           1280x1024@85       1728   1072      91.1458 + +     157.50        64   160  224      1    3   44        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
c   VESA                 1280x1024@85       1728   1072      91.1458 + +     157.50        64   160  224      1    3   44        MythTV modelines, VESA ModePool
c   VGA VIA              1280x1024@85.02    1728   1072      91.146  + +     157.5         64   160  224      1    3   44        fb.modes, VIA
d   HP P1230 monitor     1280x1024@85.043   1726   1073      91.2514         157.500       71   120  255      1    4   44        xorg modeline, factory-supplied [ref]
c   VGA ATI              1280x1024i@43.51   1600   1149      50.000  + +      80           80    80  160     50   10   65        fb.modes, ATI
c   VGA ATI              1280x1024i@47.49   1600   1053      50.000  + +      80           80    80  160      1   10   18        fb.modes, ATI
c   VESA                 1280x1024@100.00   1760   1085     108.5000 + +     190.960       96   144  240      1    3   57        common X11 modelines
C   VESA                 1280x1024@100.00   1760   1085     108.5000 - +     190.960       96   144  240      1    3   57        VESA [ref]
c   VGA GTF              1280x1024@100      1760   1085     108.5    - +     190.96        96   144  240      1    3   57        MHi modelines table; usable for LCD-shutter stereo (SGI workstations)
S   DMT+CVT RB (v4l2)    1280x1024@119.96   1440   1084     130.0347 + -     187.250       48    32   80      3    7   50        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1280X1024P120_RB; REDUCED_BLANKING
S   DMT v1.0 r11         1280x1024@119.96   1440   1084     130.0347 + -     187.250       48    32   80      3    7   50        RB
c                        1280x1024@120.00   1776   1097     131.6402 + +     233.793      104   144  248      1    3   69        common X11 modelines
cf  Apollo monitor       1320x1024@69.556   1664   1080      75.1202         125.000       80   104  160      3    3   50        sync on green;[ref]
=====                    1360x1024 ~4:3     // some scientific cameras, document cameras
=== "SXGA"/"SXGA+"       1360x1024 ~4:3     // slightly wider variant on 1280x1024; IBM RS (PowerPC), 70.8 kHz, 67 Hz
d   "DILA-47.95p"        1360x1024p@47.95   1800   1060                       91.493      104   144  192      2    2   32        MythTV modelines, DILA-Projector-NativeModes
d   "DILA-48p"           1360x1024p@48      1800   1060                       91.584      104   144  192      2    2   32        MythTV modelines, DILA-Projector-NativeModes
d   "DILA-50p"           1360x1024p@50      1800   1060                       95.4        104   144  192      2    2   32        MythTV modelines, DILA-Projector-NativeModes
d   "DILA-59.94p"        1360x1024p@59.94   1800   1060                      114.366      104   144  192      2    2   32        MythTV modelines, DILA-Projector-NativeModes
d   "DILA-60p"           1360x1024p@60      1800   1060                      114.48       104   144  192      2    2   32        MythTV modelines, DILA-Projector-NativeModes
d   "DILA-71.93p"        1360x1024p@71.93   1800   1060                      137.239      104   144  192      2    2   32        MythTV modelines, DILA-Projector-NativeModes
d   "DILA-72p"           1360x1024p@72      1800   1060                      137.376      104   144  192      2    2   32        MythTV modelines, DILA-Projector-NativeModes
d   "DILA-MarkR-71.997"  1360x1024p@71.997  1824   1060                      139.202      104   144  216      2    2   32        MythTV modelines, DILA-Projector-NativeModes
d   VisionmasterPro 450  1360x1024@105      1752   1072                      197.8         10   110  272      7   15   22        from Linux Study Guide 2009
====                     1366x1024 ~4:3
cf  IBM 6091-19          1408x1024@61.047   1844   1066      65.0759 - +     120.000        4   120  312      4    4   34        verified [ref]
==== 1.47M5              1440x1024 ~7:5     // similar to A4 paper format with ~123 dpi
======                   1536x1024 3:2      // CCD image sensor, 1.6 Mpix
===                      1536x1024 3:2      // Microsoft Surface Laptop Go (12.4")
=== WSXGA                1600x1024 25:16    // wsxga (ffmpeg); 1.64M10; SGI 1600SW (flatpanel monitor, OpenLDI interface (based on FPD-Link)); few early widescreens
c   VGA NVIDIA           1600x1024@60       1670   1067      64.018  - -     106.91        20    20   30      3    3   37        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
d   Samsung HL-R5678W    1600x1024@60       2144   1060              - +     136.617      112   168  264      1    3   32        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Samsung HL-R5678W    1600x1024@60       2144   1060              - +     136.617      112   168  264      1    3   32        MythTV modelines, device-specific
c   VGA VIA              1600x1024@60.00    2144   1060      63.600  - -     136.358      104   168  272      1    3   32        fb.modes, VIA
d   Apple Cinema disp.   1600x1024@60.001   2144   1060      63.6007 - +     136.360      104   168  272      1    3   32        GTF; [ref]
c                        1600x1024@60.012   2144   1060      63.6124 + +     136.385      104   168  272      3    3   30        common X11 modelines
d   SGI Multilink+panel  1600x1024@60.019   1704   1056      63.3803 - -     108.000       16    40   48      3    3   26        "1600x1024g"; option OverridePolarity 1; SGI Multilink Adapter and the SiliconGraphics Flat Panel display [ref]
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)  1600x1024@60.166   1664   1030      61.9712 + +     103.120        0    56    8      0    5    1        from EDID
d   SGI flat panel       1600x1024@60.169   1664   1030      61.9742 + +     103.125        0    56    8      0    5    1        "1600x1024d32"; HSkew 7; T2R4 (Rev 4) and the Silicon Graphics Flat Panel [ref]
d   SGI flat panel       1600x1024@60.169   1664   1030      61.9742 + +     103.125        0    56    8      0    5    1        "1600x1024d16"; HSkew 5; T2R4 (Rev 4) and the Silicon Graphics Flat Panel [ref]
d   SGI flat panel       1600x1024@60.169   1664   1030      61.9742 + +     103.125        0    56    8      0    5    1        "1600x1024d08"; HSkew 1; T2R4 (Rev 4) and the Silicon Graphics Flat Panel [ref]
c                        1600x1024@74.981   2176   1069      80.1544 + +     174.416      112   176  288      1    3   41        common X11 modelines
c                        1600x1024@76.001   2096   1070      81.3216 + +     170.450       32   160  304      3    3   40        common X11 modelines
c                        1600x1024@85.00    2176   1075      91.3750 + +     198.832      112   176  288      3    3   45        common X11 modelines
====                     1920x1024 15:8     // wider than 16:9, a bit wider (1.875) than 1.85:1 movie format
d   ViewSonic N4280p     1920x1024@60.0     2200   1125              + +     148.500       88    44  148      4    5   36        MythTV modelines, device-specific
======                   1286x1030 ~5:4     // CMOS image sensor
==                       1035i              // visible lines in Hi-Vision/MUSE; 1125 scanlines
====                     1440x1035          // effective resolution of Hi-Vision (MUSE); HDTV, 33.75 kHz, 59.94(60.00?) Hz, 1125-line, interlaced; Japan; 16.2 MHz samplerate, 1122(static)/748(moving) pixels/line
====                     1920x1035          // approx. resolution of Hi-Vision (MUSE); HDTV, 33.75 kHz, 59.94 Hz, interlaced; Japan
======                   1304x1036 ~5:4     // CMOS image sensor, onboard processor
=== SXGA+                1400x1050 4:3      // VESA 1.47M3, 4:3 1080-line format; PC industry standard; first seen on notebooks; common on 14" and 15" notebook LCDs
===                                         // nonstd linux kernel vga=835/256col,837/16b,838/32b, 834/?
d   MAG DX1495           1400x1050@59.833   1960   1100      65.8163 + +     129.000       64   192  304      1    3   46        [ref]
S   DMT+CVT RB (v4l2)    1400x1050@59.948   1560   1080      64.7436 + -     101.000       48    32   80      3    4   23        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1400X1050P60_RB; REDUCED_BLANKING
S   DMT v1.0 r11         1400x1050@59.948   1560   1080      64.7436 + -     101.000       48    32   80      3    4   23        
l   Sharp SHP139A        1400x1050@60.02    1688   1066              - -     108.000       44   112  132      0    3   13        panel for eg. Thinkpad T60; [ref]
S   DMT+CVT (v4l2)       1400x1050@59.978   1864   1089      65.3165 - +     121.750       88   144  232      3    4   32        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1400X1050P60
S   DMT v1.0 r11         1400x1050@59.978   1864   1089      65.3165 - +     121.750       88   144  232      3    4   32        STD (90 40) CVT (0c 20 28)
l   M9 laptop            1400x1050@59.976   1880   1082      64.8936 + +     122.000       88   152  240      2   12   18        common X11 modelines
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)  1400x1050@59.976   1880   1082      64.8936 + +     122.000       88   152  240      2   12   18        from EDID
c   VGA VIA              1400x1050@59.99    1864   1089      65.317  - -     122.75        88   144  232      3    4   32        fb.modes, VIA
c   VGA NVIDIA           1400x1050@60       1880   1082      64.8936 + +     122.00        88   152  240      2   12   18        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
c   VGA                  1400x1050@60       1880   1087      65.2180 - +     122.61        88   152  240      1    3   33        MHi modelines table; VESA [ref]
c   VGA GTF              1400x1050@60       1880   1087      65.2180 - +     122.61        88   152  240      1    3   33        MHi modelines table; VESA [ref]
c   VESA GTF             1400x1050@60       1880   1082      65.5    + +     122.0         88   152  240      2   12   18        x86 extramodes
cf  IBM 6091-19          1400x1050@63.999   1912   1090      69.7594 - -     133.380       80   320  112      2   12   26        historical monitor, 5-BNC; nonstandard timing [ref]
c   VGA NVIDIA           1400x1050@70       1960   1100      77.0408 + +     151.00        64   192  304      1    3   46        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
d   MAG DX1495           1400x1050@70.037   1960   1100      77.0408 + +     151.000       64   192  304      1    3   46        [ref]
c   GTF                  1400x1050@71.998   1896   1094      78.7658 - +     149.340       96   152  248      1    3   40        common X11 modelines
c   VGA GTF              1400x1050@72       1896   1094      78.77   - +     149.34        96   152  248      1    3   40        MHi modelines table; VESA [ref]
S   DMT+CVT (v4l2)       1400x1050@74.867   1896   1099      82.2785 - +     156.000      104   144  248      3    4   42        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1400X1050P75
S   DMT v1.0 r11         1400x1050@74.867   1896   1099      82.2785 - +     156.000      104   144  248      3    4   42        STD (90 4f) CVT (0c 20 44)
c   VGA VIA              1400x1050@74.867   1896   1099      82.278  - -     156          104   144  248      3    4   42        fb.modes, VIA
c   VGA NVIDIA           1400x1050@75       1912   1090      81.4854 + +     155.80        64   320  128      2   12   26        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
c   GTF                  1400x1050@74.999   1896   1096      82.1994 - +     155.850       96   152  248      1    3   42        common X11 modelines
c   VGA GTF              1400x1050@75       1896   1096      82.2    - +     155.85        96   152  248      1    3   42        MHi modelines table; VESA [ref]
c   VESA GTF             1400x1050@75       1912   1090      82.2    + +     155.8         64   320  128      2   12   26        x86 extramodes
d   MAG DX1495           1400x1050@75.139   1960   1100      82.6531 + +     162.000       64   192  304      1    3   46        [ref]
c   GTF                  1400x1050@85.00    1912   1103      93.7552 - +     179.260      104   152  256      1    3   49        common X11 modelines
c   VGA GTF              1400x1050@85       1912   1103      93.7552 - +     179.26       104   152  256      1    3   49        MHi modelines table; VESA [ref]
S   DMT+CVT (v4l2)       1400x1050@84.96    1912   1105      93.8808 - +     179.500      104   152  256      3    4   48        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1400X1050P85
S   DMT v1.0 r11         1400x1050@84.96    1912   1105      93.8808 - +     179.500      104   152  256      3    4   48        STD (90 59) CVT (0c 20 62)
c   VGA NVIDIA           1400x1050@85       1960   1100      93.8776 + +     184.00        64   192  304      1    3   46        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
d   MAG DX1495           1400x1050@85.343   1960   1100      93.8776 + +     184.000       64   192  304      1    3   46        [ref]
c   GTF                  1400x1050@99.998   1928   1112     111.1981 - +     214.390      112   152  264      1    3   58        common X11 modelines
c   VGA GTF              1400x1050@99.998   1928   1112     111.1981 - +     214.39       112   152  264      1    3   58        MHi modelines table; VESA [ref]
S   DMT+CVT RB (v4l2)    1400x1050@119.9    1560   1112     133.3333 + -     208.000       48    32   80      3    4   55        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1400X1050P120_RB; REDUCED_BLANKING
S   DMT v1.0 r11         1400x1050@119.9    1560   1112     133.3333 + -     208.000       48    32   80      3    4   55        CVT (RB)
c   VGA VIA              1440x1050@60.00    1936   1087      65.220  + +     125.1         96   152  248      1    3   33        fb.modes, VIA
c   GTF                  1440x1050@60.002   1936   1087      65.2221 - +     126.270       96   152  248      1    3   33        common X11 modelines
=== WSXGA+               1680x1050 16:10    // VESA 1.76MA; many 20",21",22" LCDs, larger notebooks; not approved by organizations but was very common before displaced by 1920x1080; widescreen version of SXGA+; next is WUXGA; in between of 1440x900 and 1920x1200
c                        1680x1050@48.998   2224   1080      52.9182         117.690       96   176  272      1    3   26
S   DMT+CVT RB (v4l2)    1680x1050@59.883   1840   1080      64.6739 + -     119.000       48    32   80      3    6   21        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1680X1050P60_RB; REDUCED_BLANKING
S   DMT v1.0 r11         1680x1050@59.883   1840   1080      64.6739 + -     119.000       48    32   80      3    6   21        CVT (RB) CVT (0c 28 21)
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)  1680x1050@59.883   1840   1080      64.6739 + -     119.000       48    32   80      3    6   21        from EDID
c   CVT 1.76MA-R         1680x1050@59.88    1840   1080      64.67   + -     119.00        48    32   80      3    6   21        x86 extramodes
S   DMT+CVT (v4l2)       1680x1050@59.954   2240   1089      65.2902 - +     146.250      104   176  280      3    6   30        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1680X1050P60
S   DMT v1.0 r11         1680x1050@59.954   2240   1089      65.2902 - +     146.250      104   176  280      3    6   30        STD (b3 00) CVT (0c 28 28)
d   LM133LF5L01(scaled)  1680x1050@59.954   2240   1089      65.2902 - +     146.250      104   176  280      3    6   30        from EDID
c   CVT 1.76MA           1680x1050@59.95    2240   1089      65.29   - +     146.25       104   176  280      3    6   30        x86 extramodes
c   VGA VIA              1680x1050@59.954   2240   1089      65.290  + +     146.25       104   176  280      3    6   30        fb.modes, VIA
e   2LVDS AUOG220SVN01.0 1680x1050@59.954   2240   1089      65.2902 - +     146.250      104   176  280      3    6   30        dual LVDS AUO G220SVN01.0; [ref]
c   VGA GTF              1680x1050@60       2256   1087      65.22   - +     147.14       104   184  288      1    3   33        MHi modelines table; VESA [ref]
c   VGA NVIDIA           1680x1050@60       2256   1087      65.2216 + +     147.14       104   184  288      1    3   33        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
c   GTF                  1680x1050@60.002   2256   1087      65.2216 - +     147.140      104   184  288      1    3   33        common X11 modelines
d   Vizio VO22L          1680x1050@60.002   2256   1087              + +     147.14       104   184  288      1    3   33        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   imac?                1680x1050@60.002   2256   1087      65.2216 - +     147.140      104   184  288      1    3   33        [ref]
d   ViewSonic VG2230wm   1680x1050@69.69    2240   1089              + +     170.00       104   176  280      3    6   30        MythTV modelines, device-specific
S   DMT+CVT (v4l2)       1680x1050@74.892   2272   1099      82.3063 - +     187.000      120   176  296      3    6   40        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1680X1050P75
S   DMT v1.0 r11         1680x1050@74.892   2272   1099      82.3063 - +     187.000      120   176  296      3    6   40        STD (b3 0f) CVT (0c 28 44)
c   VGA VIA              1680x1050@74.892   2272   1099      82.306  + +     187          120   176  296      3    6   40        fb.modes, VIA
S   DMT+CVT (v4l2)       1680x1050@84.941   2288   1105      93.8593 - +     214.750      128   176  304      3    6   46        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1680X1050P85
S   DMT v1.0 r11         1680x1050@84.941   2288   1105      93.8593 - +     214.750      128   176  304      3    6   46        STD (b3 19) CVT (0c 2c 68)
S   DMT+CVT RB (v4l2)    1680x1050@119.99   1840   1112     133.4239 + -     245.500       48    32   80      3    6   53        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1680X1050P120_RB; REDUCED_BLANKING
S   DMT v1.0 r11         1680x1050@119.99   1840   1112     133.4239 + -     245.500       48    32   80      3    6   53        CVT-RN.
====                     1864x1050          // VESA 1.96M9
====                     1448x1072 ~4:3     // eink 6"/300dpi, Kindle Paperwhite 4, Pocketbook 632, Hannah F1, Nook Glowlight 3, Cybok Muse HD, Tolino page 2, Kobo Clara HD, Kobo Glo HD, tolino vision 4 HD
====HDTV                 960x1080           // HDTV Rec.709, Blu-Ray, DVD, 4:3,16:9,2.21:9
======                   1200x1080 10:9     // CCD image sensor, 2.1 Mpix
======                   1280x1080 32:27    // CMOS image sensor
====                     1280x1080          // DVCPRO HD 1080 source size; 16:9 square pixel size 1920x1080; Blu-Ray (anamorphic 16:9); plasma screens
=== DVCPRO HD 1080 60i   1280x1080 32:27    // video postprodution; Movietone camera ratio, Panasonic DVCPRO, DV camcorders; few Hitachi 42" and 50" TVs from 2007
===                                         // HDTV Rec.709, Blu-Ray, DVD, 4:3,16:9,2.21:9
t   HDTV NTSC            1280x1080p@23.976  1833.3 1125              3        49.450549      425.3
t   HDTV ATSC            1280x1080p@24      1833.3 1125              3        49.5           425.3
t   HDTV CRT             1280x1080i@25      1536   1250              -        48           21                                    for CRT-based 31.250 kHz horizontal freq HDTVs
t   HDTV ATSC            1280x1080i@25      1760   1125              3        49.5           352
t   HDTV ATSC            1280x1080p@25      1760   1125              3        49.5           352
t   HDTV NTSC            1280x1080i@29.97   1466.7 1125              3        49.450549       58.7
t   HDTV NTSC            1280x1080p@29.97   1466.7 1125              3        49.450549       58.7
t   HDTV ATSC            1280x1080i@30      1466.7 1125              3        49.5            58.7
t   HDTV ATSC            1280x1080p@30      1466.7 1125              3        49.5            58.7
t   HDTV ATSC            1280x1080p@50      1760   1125              3        99             352
t   HDTV NTSC            1280x1080p@59.94   1466.7 1125              3        98.901099       58.7
t   HDTV ATSC            1280x1080p@60      1466.7 1125              3        99              58.7
====                     1430x1080          // eink 6", Kindle Paperwhite 3rd gen, Kindle Voyage, Nook Glowlight+, Kobo Aura H2O (6.8")
====                     1440x1080          // eink 6", Kindle Oasis, 6.8", Kobo Aura HD, Onyx Boox T68
=====!                   1440x1080 4:3      // standard image size
====HDV 1080i/p          1440x1080          // video postprodution; HDCAM/HDV source size; 16:9 square pixel size 1920x1080; Blu-Ray (anamorphic 16:9); Panasonic DVCPRO HD 1080, 50i; Sony HDCAM SR
====HDTV HDV             1440x1080 4:3      // HDTV Rec.709, Blu-Ray, DVD, 4:3,16:9,2.21:9
t   HDTV NTSC            1440x1080p@23.976  2062.5 1125              3        55.6319        478.5
t   HDTV ATSC            1440x1080p@24      2062.5 1125              3        55.6875        478.5
t   HDTV CRT             1440x1080i@25      1728   1250              -        54           24                                    for CRT-based 31.250 kHz horizontal freq HDTVs
t   HDTV ATSC            1440x1080i@25      1980   1125              3        55.6875        396
t   HDTV ATSC            1440x1080p@25      1980   1125              3        55.6875        396
t   HDTV NTSC            1440x1080i@29.97   1650   1125              3        55.6319         66
t   HDTV NTSC            1440x1080p@29.97   1650   1125              3        55.6319         66
t   HDTV ATSC            1440x1080i@30      1650   1125              3        55.6875         66
t   HDTV ATSC            1440x1080p@30      1650   1125              3        55.6875         66
t   HDTV ATSC            1440x1080p@50      1980   1125              3       111.375         396
t   HDTV NTSC            1440x1080p@59.94   1650   1125              3       111.2638         66
t   HDTV ATSC            1440x1080p@60      1650   1125              3       111.375          66
c   GTF                  1440x1080@75       1952   1128      84.6004 - +     165.140       96   160  256      1    3   44
====                     1728x1080 16:10    // VESA 1.87MA
d   Sony KDL-40W4100     1919x1080@59.973   2201   1125              + +     148.50       111    22  149      4    5   36        MythTV modelines, device-specific
=====!                   1920x1080 16:9     // 1080p/HD camera sensors; security cameras, 2.07 Mpix; 1080p AHD analog security cameras; CMOS camera sensors, some with processors; some machine vision cameras (C-mount)
=====!                                      // raspi camera (v1 OV5647, mode 1, 1-30 fps, partial fov; v2 IMX219, mode 1, 0.1-30 fps partial fov); GoPro Hero 7 1080p
====                     1920x1080          // 16:9 square pixel size of 1280x1080 source size, DVCPRO HD 1080
==  1080i, 1080p, FHD    1920x1080 16:9     // ATSC standard; hd1080 (ffmpeg); VESA 2.07M9; FullHD, very common; ~2 megapixel, exactly 50% larger in each size than 720p; 1080p30 teleconferencing; Blu-Ray (i), Blu-Ray UltraHD with HEVC compression (p)
==                                          // video postprodution; see also 1920x540 for pseudo-1920x1080i, 16:9 with 1:2 pixels (may also be actual 32:9 format); projectors
==                                          // HDTV Rec.709, Blu-Ray, DVD, 16:9,2.21:9; MPEG-4 level 2 (30p/30i, 10bit 4:2:2, max 600 Mbit/s), level 3 (30p/30i, 12bit 4:4:4, max 900 Mbit/s)
==                                          // Sun, 84.4 kHz, 72 Hz; HDTV 1080p, 67.5 kHz, 60 Hz; HDTV 1080p, 56.2 kHz, 50 Hz; HDTV 1080i, 33.75 kHz, 60/30 Hz; HDTV 1080i, 28.12 kHz, 50/25 Hz
e   some embedded        1920x1080@24.001   1995   1086              + -      52.0000      25    25   25      2    2    2        pixelclk-active=1; [ref]
t   HDTV NTSC            1920x1080p@23.976  2750   1125              3        74.176         638
t   HDTV ATSC            1920x1080p@24      2750   1125              3        74.25          638
S   VIC=32 1080p24       1920x1080@23.98*   2750   1125      27.00            74.250                                             16:9 (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=32 vfreq=23.98/24
S   VIC=72 1080p24       1920x1080@23.98*   2750   1125      27.00            74.250                                             64:27 (pixel=4:3); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=72 vfreq=23.98/24
S   CEA861 (v4l2)        1920x1080@24.000*  2750   1125      27.0000 + +      74.250      638    44  148      4    5   36        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_CEA_1920X1080P24; CAN_REDUCE_FPS,IS_CE_VIDEO,HAS_CEA861_VIC
T   EIA/CEA-861B         1920x1080@23.976   2750   1125      26.9727 + +      74.175      638    44  148      4    5   36        [ref]
t   HDTV EDID            1920x1080@24       2750   1125      26.9673 + +      74.16       638    44  148      4    5   36        MythTV modelines, HDTV EDID ModePool
d   Panasonic TH-P50G10A 1920x1080@24       2750   1125              + +      74.16       638    44  148      4    5   36        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Sharp LC-46X20E      1920x1080@24       2752   1125              + +      74.250      640    48  144      4    5   36        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Sony KDL-46X3100     1920x1080@24       2752   1125              + +      74.250      640    48  144      4    5   36        MythTV modelines, device-specific
T   EIA/CEA-861B         1920x1080@24       2750   1125      27.0000 + +      74.250      638    44  148      4    5   36        [ref]
S   VIC=33 1080p25       1920x1080@25       2640   1125      28.125           74.250                                             16:9 (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=33
S   VIC=73 1080p25       1920x1080@25       2640   1125      28.125           74.250                                             64:27 (pixel=4:3); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=73
S   CEA861 (v4l2)        1920x1080@25.000   2640   1125      28.1250 + +      74.250      528    44  148      4    5   36        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_CEA_1920X1080P25; IS_CE_VIDEO,HAS_CEA861_VIC
T   EIA/CEA-861B         1920x1080@25       2640   1125      28.1250 + +      74.250      528    44  148      4    5   36        [ref]
t   HDTV EDID            1920x1080@25       2640   1125      28.125  + +      74.25       528    44  148      4    5   36        MythTV modelines, HDTV EDID ModePool
t   HDTV ATSC            1920x1080p@25      2640   1125              3        74.25          528
e   DPI LCD, TI DRA722   1920x1080@29.41    2176   1125      33.088  - -      72.000      210    30   16     22   13   10        dra72-evm.dts; pixelclk-active=1, de-active=1
t   HDTV NTSC 1080p      1920x1080p@29.97   2200   1125              3        74.176          88
T   EIA/CEA-861B         1920x1080@29.97    2200   1125      33.7159 + +      74.176       88    44  148      4    5   36        [ref]
T   EIA/CEA-861B         1920x1080@30       2200   1125      33.7500 + +      74.250       88    44  148      4    5   36        [ref]
S   VIC=34 1080p30       1920x1080@29.97*   2200   1125      33.75            74.250                                             16:9 (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=34 vfreq=29.97/30
S   VIC=74 1080p30       1920x1080@29.97*   2200   1125      33.75            74.250                                             64:27 (pixel=4:3); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=74 vfreq=29.97/30
S   CEA861 (v4l2)        1920x1080@30.000*  2200   1125      33.7500 + +      74.250       88    44  148      4    5   36        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_CEA_1920X1080P30; CAN_REDUCE_FPS,IS_CE_VIDEO,HAS_CEA861_VIC
t   HDTV ATSC            1920x1080p@30      2200   1125              3        74.25        88
d   Sony KDF-E42A10      1920x1080@30.107   2200   1121              + +      74.25        88    44  148      8    3   30        MythTV modelines, device-specific
t   HDTV EDID            1920x1080@30       2640   1125      33.7159 + +      89.01       528    44  148      4    5   36        MythTV modelines, HDTV EDID ModePool
l   pnp CMN15C3          1920x1080@40.005   2080   1112      44.4856 + -      92.530       48    32   80      3    5   24        HP 450G2 screen; from EDID; detailed timing 1
S   VIC=111 1080p48      1920x1080@47.96*   2750   1125      54.00           148.500                                             16:9 (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=111 vfreq=47.96/48
S   VIC=112 1080p48      1920x1080@47.96*   2750   1125      54.00           148.500                                             64:27 (pixel=4:3); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=112 vfreq=47.96/48
d   LM133LF5L01(native)  1920x1080@47.999   2080   1111      53.3269 - -     110.920       48    32   80      3    5   23        from EDID
t   HDTV CRT             1920x1080i@25      2304   1250              -        72           32                                    for CRT-based 31.250 kHz horizontal freq HDTVs
S   VIC=39 1080i25       1920x1080i@25      2304   1250      31.250           72.000                                             16:9 (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=39
t   HDTV CRT             1920x1080i@25      2376   1250              -        74.25        38                                    for CRT-based 31.250 kHz horizontal freq HDTVs
t   HDTV ATSC            1920x1080i@25      2640   1125              3        74.25          528
S   VIC=20 1080i25       1920x1080i@25      2640   1125      28.125           74.250                                             16:9 (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=20
T   EIA/CEA-861B         1920x1080i@25      2640   1125      28.1250 + +      74.250      528    44  148      5   10   30        [ref]
d   some LG 4K TV        1920x1080i@25.000  2640   1125      28.1250 + +      74.250      528    44  148      4   10   31        from EDID [ref]
t   HDTV EDID            1920x1080i@25      2640   1124      28.125  + +      74.25       528    44  148      4   10   30        MythTV modelines, HDTV EDID ModePool
d   Camboard HDMIxDVI    1920x1080i@25.022  2640   1124      28.1250 + +      74.250      528    44  148     68   10  -34
d   LuckyGold 37LG7000   1920x1080@50       2490   1113              + -     138.5        458    32   80      3    7   23        MythTV modelines, device-specific
t   CVT                  1920x1080@50       2544   1114      55.62   - +     141.50       112   200  312      3    5   26        MythTV modelines, CVT ModePool
S   VIC=31 1080p50       1920x1080@50       2640   1125      56.25           148.500                                             16:9 (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=31
S   VIC=75 1080p50       1920x1080@50       2640   1125      56.25           148.500                                             64:27 (pixel=4:3); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=75
S   CEA861 (v4l2)        1920x1080@50.000   2640   1125      56.2500 + +     148.500      528    44  148      4    5   36        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_CEA_1920X1080P50; IS_CE_VIDEO,HAS_CEA861_VIC
T   EIA/CEA-861B         1920x1080@50       2640   1125      56.2500 + +     148.500      528    44  148      4    5   36        [ref]
t   HDTV ATSC            1920x1080p@50      2640   1125              3       148.5           528
t   HDTV EDID            1920x1080@50       2640   1125      56.25   + +     148.50       528    44  148      4    5   36        MythTV modelines, HDTV EDID ModePool
d   some LG 4K TV        1920x1080@50.000   2640   1125      56.2500 + +     148.500      528    44  148      4    5   36        from EDID [ref]
d   Sharp LC-46X20E      1920x1080@50       2640   1125              + +     148.500      528    44  148      4    5   36        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Panasonic TH-P50G10A 1920x1080@50       2640   1125              + +     148.50       528    44  148      4    5   36        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Sony KDL-46X3100     1920x1080@50       2640   1125              + +     148.500      528    44  148      4    5   36        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Sharp LC-37X20E      1920x1080@50.0     2640   1125              + -     148.5        528    44  148      4    5   36        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Samsung LA46M1BDX    1920x1080@50       2640   1125                      148.50       528    44  148      4    5   36        MythTV modelines, device-specific
S   CEA861 (v4l2)        1920x1080i@25.522  2640   1102      28.1250 + +      74.250      528    44  148      2    5   15 2 5 16 linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_CEA_1920X1080I50; HALF_LINE,IS_CE_VIDEO,HAS_CEA861_VIC
d   Benq PE7700          1920x1080i@25.022  2640   1124      28.1250 + +      74.250      528    44  148     68   10  -34        projector; from EDID
t   HDTV NTSC 1080i      1920x1080i@29.97   2200   1125              3        74.176          88
T   EIA/CEA-861B         1920x1080i@29.97   2200   1125      33.7159 + +      74.175       88    44  148      5   10   30        [ref]
t   "ATSC-1080-59.94i"   1920x1080i@29.97   2200   1125                       74.176       40    56  184      2    6   37        MythTV modelines, ATSC Standard Modes
t   "ATSC-1080-59.94i"   1920x1080i@29.97   2200   1125                       74.176       40    56  184      2    6   37        MythTV modelines, DTV-PCTweakedModes
d   some LG 4K TV        1920x1080i@29.972  2200   1125      33.7182 + +      74.180       88    44  148      4   10   31        from EDID [ref]
e   DPI LCD, TI DRA722   1920x1080@58.01    2176   1125      65.257  - -     142.000      210    30   16     22   13   10        dra72-evm.dts; pixelclk-active=1, de-active=1
c   CVT 2.07M9-R         1920x1080@59.93    2080   1111      66.59   + -     138.50        48    32   80      3    5   23        x86 extramodes
d   Vizio SV470M         1920x1080@59.934   2080   1111              + +     138.50        48    32   80      3    5   23        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Vizio SV472XVT       1920x1080@59.934   2080   1111              + -     138.5         48    32   80      3    5   23        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   LM133LF5L01(native)  1920x1080@59.934   2080   1111      66.5865 - -     138.500       48    32   80      3    5   23        from EDID
d   Wstghouse LVM-42W2   1920x1080@59.934   2080   1111                      138.5         48    32   80      2    5   24        MythTV modelines, device-specific; Westinghouse
t   "ATSC-1080-59.94p"   1920x1080p@59.94   2200   1125                      148.352       40    56  184      2    6   37        MythTV modelines, DTV-PCTweakedModes
t   "ATSC-1080-59.94p"   1920x1080@59.94    2200   1125                      148.352       40    56  184      2    6   37        MythTV modelines, ATSC Standard Modes
t   HDTV NTSC            1920x1080p@59.94   2200   1125              3       148.35           88
d   Vizio GV47L          1920x1080@59.94    2200   1125              + +     148.35        88    44  148      5    5   35        MythTV modelines, device-specific; 1920x1080_60-GV47L
T   EIA/CEA-861B         1920x1080@59.94    2200   1125      67.4318 + +     148.352       88    44  148      4    5   36        [ref]
t   HDTV EDID            1920x1080@60       2200   1125      67.4318 + +     148.35        88    44  148      4    5   36        MythTV modelines, HDTV EDID ModePool
d   Sharp LC-46D92U      1920x1080@60       2200   1125              + +     148.35        88    44  148      5    5   35        MythTV modelines, device-specific; 1920x1080_60-Sharp_D92U
d   Sony KDL-40V2500     1920x1080p@60      2200   1125              + +     148.35        88    44  148      4    5   36        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   7" HDMI MPI7002, sec 1920x1080@60       2200   1125              - -     148.500       88    44  148      4    5   36        from EDID, hands-on hardware, mode #1; flags: nhsync, nvsync; type: driver
d   Wstghouse LVM-37W1   1920x1080@59.94    2200   1125                      148.352       40    56  184      2    6   37        MythTV modelines, device-specific; Westinghouse
c   CVT 2.07M9           1920x1080@59.96    2576   1120      67.16   - +     173.00       128   200  328      3    5   32        x86 extramodes
t   HDTV EDID            1920x1080i@30      2200   1124      33.7182 + +      74.18        88    44  148      4   10   30        MythTV modelines, HDTV EDID ModePool
t   HDTV ATSC            1920x1080i@30      2200   1125              3        74.25           88
t   "ATSC-1080-60i"      1920x1080i@30      2200   1125                       74.25        40    56  184      2    6   37        MythTV modelines, ATSC Standard Modes
t   "ATSC-1080-60i"      1920x1080i@30      2200   1125                       74.25        40    56  184      2    6   37        MythTV modelines, DTV-PCTweakedModes
d   LuckyGold DU-37LZ30  1920x1080i@30      2200   1125              + +      74.25       121   103  198     42   16   57        MythTV modelines, device-specific; ATSC-1080-60i 
d   Apex LD 4088         1920x1080i@30      2200   1124              + +      74.25        88    44  148      4   10   30        MythTV modelines, device-specific; 40" Apex LD 4088 LCD screen
d   Mitsubishi WS-48313  1920x1080i@30      2200   1124              + +      74.250       88    44  148      4   10   30        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Tatung 81            1920x1080i@30.0    2200   1125              + +      74.250       88    44  148      4   10   31        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Phillips 50PF9631D   1920x1080i@30      2272   1135                       77.60        32   288   32     24    6   25        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Sony KDS-R60XBR1     1920x1080i@30.087  2200   1121              + +      74.2         88    44  148      8    3   30        MythTV modelines, device-specific; interlace
S   VIC=5 1080i          1920x1080i@30      2200   1125      33.750           74.250                                             16:9 (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=5
S   CEA861 (v4l2)        1920x1080i@30.626* 2200   1102      33.7500 + +      74.250       88    44  148      2    5   15 2 5 16 linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_CEA_1920X1080I60; CAN_REDUCE_FPS,HALF_LINE,IS_CE_VIDEO,HAS_CEA861_VIC
T   EIA/CEA-861B         1920x1080i@30      2200   1125      33.7500 + +      74.250       88    44  148      5   10   30        [ref]
d   Benq PE7700          1920x1080i@30.027* 2200   1124      33.7500 + +      74.250       88    44  148      4   10   30        projector; from EDID
d   Dell S3219D          1920x1080i@30      2200   1125      33.7500 + +      74.250       88    44  148      4   10   31        from EDID, upscaled [ref]
d   some LG 4K TV        1920x1080i@30.000  2200   1125      33.7500 + +      74.250       88    44  148      4   10   31        from EDID [ref]
d   Camboard HDMIxDVI    1920x1080i@30.027* 2200   1124      33.7500 + +      74.250       88    44  148      4   10   30
d   Toshiba TW40x81      1920x1080i@30.000  2200   1125      33.7500 + +      74.250       40    64  176     20    5   20        [ref]
d   Wstghouse VOJ320F1A  1920x1080@59.991   2048   1111              + +     136.5         32    32   64      1    3   27        MythTV modelines, device-specific; Westinghouse
d   Samsung HL-R5678W    1920x1080@60       2096   1111              + -     138.407       64    32   80      2    5   24        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Samsung LNT4661F     1920x1080@59.955   2083   1109              + -     138.500       40    35   88      2    5   22        MythTV modelines, device-specific; LNT4661F, LNT4061F, LNT4065F, LNT4665F, LNT5265F
d   Samsung LE40F8       1920x1080@60       2083   1109              + -     138.5         40    35   88      2    5   22        MythTV modelines, device-specific
e   LVDS display, i.MX8  1920x1080@61.775   2018   1111      68.63   - -     138.5000      48    32   80      3    5   23        dtdi; hsync-active=0, vsync-active=0, pixel-active=0; data-mapping=jeida-18; [ref]
t   CVT                  1920x1080@60       2080   1111      66.587  + -     138.500       48    32   80      3    5   23        MythTV modelines, CVT ModePool
l   pnp CMN15C3 native   1920x1080@60.005   2080   1112      66.7260 + -     138.790       48    32   80      3    5   24        HP 450G2 screen; from EDID; native timing
d   some LG 4K TV        1920x1080@59.939   2200   1125      67.4318 + +     148.350       88    44  148      4    5   36        from EDID [ref]
S!  VIC=16 1080p         1920x1080@60       2200   1125      67.50           148.500                                             "1080p", SMPTE 274M; 16:9 (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=16
S   VIC=76 1080p         1920x1080@60       2200   1125      67.50           148.500                                             64:27 (pixel=4:3); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=76
S   DMT+CEA861 (v4l2)    1920x1080@60.000*  2200   1125      67.5000 + +     148.500       88    44  148      4    5   36        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_CEA_1920X1080P60; CAN_REDUCE_FPS,IS_CE_VIDEO,HAS_CEA861_VIC
T   EIA/CEA-861B         1920x1080@60       2200   1125      67.5000 + +     148.500       88    44  148      4    5   36        [ref]
d   Sony KDL-46X3100     1920x1080@60       2200   1125              + +     148.500       88    48  144      4    5   36        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Sharp LC-42D64U      1920x1080p@60      2200   1125                      148.5         85    56  139      2    6   37        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Toshiba 52HL167      1920x1080@60.0     2200   1125              + +     148.50        88    44  148      4    5   36        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Sony KDL-40W4000     1920x1080@60       2640   1125              + +     148.50       528    44  148      4    5   36        MythTV modelines, device-specific // discrepancy?
d   Vizio E3D470VX       1920x1080@60.0     2200   1125                      148.5         30    56  194      2    6   37        MythTV modelines, device-specific; ATSC
t   HDTV ATSC            1920x1080p@60      2200   1125              3       148.5            88
d   Dell P2411H          1920x1080@60       2200   1125              + +     148.50        88    44  148      4    4   37        MythTV modelines, device-specific
t   HDTV EDID            1920x1080@60       2200   1125      67.5    - -     148.50        88    44  148      4    4   37        MythTV modelines, HDTV EDID ModePool
t   "ATSC-1080-60p"      1920x1080p@60      2200   1125                      148.5         40    56  184      2    6   37        MythTV modelines, DTV-PCTweakedModes
t   "ATSC-1080-60p"      1920x1080@60       2200   1125                      148.5         40    56  184      2    6   37        MythTV modelines, ATSC Standard Modes
d   Fujitsu 3230T        1920x1080@60       2200   1125              + +     148.5         88    44  148      9    6   30        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   LuckyGold 32LG3000   1920x1080@60.0     2200   1125      67.5    + +     148.5         88    44  148      4    5   36        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Panasonic TH-P50G10A 1920x1080@60       2200   1125              + +     148.50        88    44  148      4    5   36        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Sharp LC-46X20E      1920x1080@60       2200   1125              + +     148.500       88    48  144      4    5   36        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   some LG 4K TV        1920x1080@60.000   2200   1125      67.5000 + +     148.500       88    44  148      4    5   36        from EDID [ref]
d   Sceptre X37SV-Naga   1920x1080p@60      2200   1124              - -     148.500      104    48  128      4   10   30        MythTV modelines, device-specific
c                        1920x1080@60.365   2160   1234      74.4907         160.900       60    60  120      1    3  150        [ref]
c                        1920x1080@60.00    2576   1118      67.0800 - -     172.798      120   208  328      1    3   34        common X11 modelines
d   Sharp LC-46D64U      1920x1080@65       2200   1125              + +     160.875       88    44  148      4    5   36        MythTV modelines, device-specific
t   "ATSC-1080-71.93i"   1920x1080i@35.965  2200   1125                       89.011       40    56  184      2    6   37        MythTV modelines, ATSC Movie Modes
t   "ATSC-1080-71.93p"   1920x1080p@71.93   2200   1125                      178.022       40    56  184      2    6   37        MythTV modelines, DTV-PCTweakedModes
t   "ATSC-1080-71.93p"   1920x1080@119.88   2200   1125                      178.022       40    56  184      2    6   37        MythTV modelines, ATSC Movie Modes (rate discrepancy?)
t   "ATSC-1080-72i"      1920x1080i@36      2200   1125                       89.1         40    56  184      2    6   37        MythTV modelines, ATSC Movie Modes
t   "ATSC-1080-72p"      1920x1080p@72      2200   1125                      178.2         40    56  184      2    6   37        MythTV modelines, DTV-PCTweakedModes
c                        1920x1080@72.00    2608   1126      81.0721 + +     211.436      136   208  344      1    3   42        common X11 modelines
S   VIC=40 1080i50       1920x1080i@50      2640   1125      56.250          148.500                                             16:9 (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=40
S   VIC=64 1080p100      1920x1080@100      2640   1125     112.50           297.000                                             16:9 (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=64
S   VIC=77 1080p100      1920x1080@100      2640   1125     112.50           297.000                                             64:27 (pixel=4:3); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=77
S   VIC=46 1080i60       1920x1080i@59.94*  2200   1125      67.500          148.500                                             16:9 (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=46 vfreq=119.88/120
S   VIC=63 1080p120      1920x1080@119.88*  2200   1125     135.00           297.000                                             16:9 (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=63 vfreq=119.88/120
S   VIC=78 1080p120      1920x1080@119.88*  2200   1125     135.00           297.000                                             64:27 (pixel=4:3); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=78 vfreq=119.88/120
t   "ATSC-1080-72p"      1920x1080@120      2200   1125                      178.2         40    56  184      2    6   37        MythTV modelines, ATSC Movie Modes (rate discrepancy?)
d   Mac Mini             1920x1080@144      2056   1098     158.1128 + +     325.080       24    32   80      3    5   10        [ref]

=== Digital Cinema 2x    1998x1080 1.85:1   // digital film, Digital Cinema 2x; DCI 2K, flat-cropped
==  DCI 2K               2048x1080 256:135  // ~19:10, ~17:9; native for DCI-compliant 2K projectors/displays; Digital Film projection standard, DLP Cinema Technology; 48bpp@24
==== 2.33M2:1            2160x1080 18:9     // Univisium film format; many smartphones since 2018, Xiaomi Mi MIX 2
====                     2220x1080 18.5:9   // Samsung "Infinity" display ratio, FullHD+
==== 2.46M2.10:1         2280x1080 19:9     // 2.11:1 Samsung Galaxy S10e
====                     2520x1080 21:9     // smartphones; Sony Xperia 10/10 II (6"), 5 (6.1"), 10+ (6.5"), Motorola One Vision/Action (6.3")
==== 2.74M1AD            2538x1080 2.35:1   // Avielo Optix SuperWide 235 projector, 1.017 PAR
=== UW-FHD, WFHD         2560x1080 64:27    // "21:9" 21:9 aspect ratio; "1080p ultrawide", Cinemascope ratio; FullHD extended by 1/3 in width; can be divided to two 1280x1080 screens
S   VIC=86 1080p2x24     2560x1080@23.98*   3750   1100      26.40            99.000                                             64:27 (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=86 vfreq=23.98/24
S   VIC=87 1080p2x25     2560x1080@25       3200   1125      28.12            90.000                                             64:27 (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=87
S   VIC=88 1080p2x30     2560x1080@29.97*   3520   1125      33.75           118.800                                             64:27 (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=88 vfreq=29.97/30
S   VIC=113 1080p2x48    2560x1080@47.96*   3750   1100      52.80           198.000                                             64:27 (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=113 vfreq=47.96/48
S   VIC=89 1080p2x50     2560x1080@50       3000   1125      56.25           185.625                                             64:27 (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=89
c   2560x1080            2560x1080@52.096   2720   1128      58.7647 - -     159.840       48    32   80      7   29   12        [ref]
d   LG 29UM69G           2560x1080@59.978   2720   1111      66.636  - -     159.840       48    32   80      3   10   18        [ref]
S   VIC=90 1080p2x       2560x1080@60       3000   1100      66.00           198.000                                             64:27 (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=90
d   LG 29UM69G           2560x1080@74.991   2720   1119      83.915  - -     159.840       48    32   80      3   10   18        [ref]
S   VIC=91 1080p2x100    2560x1080@100      2970   1250     125.00           371.250                                             64:27 (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=91
S   VIC=92 1080p2x120    2560x1080@119.88*  3300   1250     150.00           495.000                                             64:27 (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=92 vfreq=119.88/120
====                     2636x1080 ~22:9    // smartphones; Samsung Galaxy Z-Flip, 6.7"
=== DFHD                 3840x1080 32:9     // Dual Full HD; "4K"; "super wide 32:9 1080" two FHD side by side or vertical half of 4K UHD; close to 3.6:1 ratio of IMAX UltraWideScreen 3.6; see also 3840x1200/1600/2160/2400
c   VGA GTF              3840x1080@60.001   5152   1118      67.0807 - +     345.600      240   416  656      1    3   34
======                   1928x1088 ~16:9    // CMOS image sensor
======                   2048x1088 ~19:10   // CMOS image sensor
======                   1932x1092 23:13    // CMOS image sensor, onboard processor
======                   1472x1096 ~4:3     // CMOS image sensor
======                   1936x1096 ~16:9    // CMOS image sensor, OV2775 (Omnivision HDR)
======                   1952x1096 244:137  // CMOS image sensor, onboard processor
cf  IBM 6091-19          1464x1098@61.369   1976   1138      69.8381 - -     138.000       60   320  132      2   12   26        historical monitor, 5-BNC; nonstandard timing [ref]
=====                    1942x1116 ~16:9    // CMOS image sensor; Samsung SSK3B5XX (automotive)
===L                     x1125              // 1125 scanlines, Japanese MUSE TV; 1035 visible lines
==== 2.74M2.165	         2436x1125 ~13:6    // 2.165:1, "19.5:9", iPhone X
cf  IBM 6091-19          1408x1126@60.584   1916   1163      70.4593 - +     135.000       52   135  321      4    4   29        verified [ref]
====                     1040x1152          // approx. resolution of HD-MAC
====                     1394x1152          // sampling grid of HD-MAC Bandwidth Restoration Decoder in receiver
=== 16CIF                1408x1152 4:3/11:9 // 16cif (ffmpeg); videoconferencing, H.263
===                      1440x1152 5:4      // DVB standard in 625/50 markets, 2x2 720x576; 1250 scanlines; 32us line, 26.67us long visible line (1728x1250?); anamorphic 16:9; sampled at 77 MHz to 1920 pixels, converted to 1440 (4:3 ratio)
c                        1536x1152@69.05    2048   1188      82.0312         168.000       80   144  288      2    4   30
c   GTF                  1536x1152@74.999   2096   1203      90.2242 - +     189.110      112   168  280      1    3   47
===                      1920x1152 16:9nsq  // 1152-line version of 1920x1080, nonsquare pixels (square ratio 15:9)
=== QWXGA, "HD+"         2048x1152 16:9     // DVB-T standard, European HDTV format; 2x2 1024x576; some 23" and 27" LCDs, discontinued as of 2011; square-pixel variant of 1440x1152; some DLP chips (covers also 1035 and 1080 lines)
c   CVT 2.36M9           2048x1152@59.90    2752   1195      71.58   - +     197.00       136   216  352      3    5   35        x86 extramodes
c   CVT 2.36M9-R         2048x1152@59.91    2208   1185      70.99   + -     156.75        48    32   80      3    5   25        x86 extramodes
d   Samsung 2343BW       2048x1152@59.91    2208   1185              - +     156.75        48    32   80      3    5   25        MythTV modelines, device-specific
S   DMT RB (v4l2)        2048x1152@60.000   2250   1200      72.0000 + +     162.000       26    80   96      1    3   44        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_2048X1152P60_RB; REDUCED_BLANKING
=====!                   1536x1180 ~4:3     // common digital photo size
======                   1936x1188          // CMOS image sensor
==== 1.3M0.9             1080x1200 9:10     // HTC Vive (per eye)
cf  IBM 6091-19          1408x1200@57.331   1916   1229      70.4593 - +     135.000       56   135  317      4    4   21        historical monitor, 5-BNC; nonstandard timing [ref]
cf  IBM 6091-19          1408x1200@57.896   1916   1217      70.4593 - +     135.000       56   135  317      8    4    5        verified [ref]
=====!                   1200x1200 1:1      // standard image size (Instagram?)
=====!                   1600x1200 4:3      // standard image size, 2Mpix; 2Mpix image sensors, security cameras 1.9 Mpix; CCD image sensors; CMOS image sensors, some with onboard processors; some machine vision cameras (C-mount); OV2640, MT9D111
====                     1600x1200          // text 200x75 (char 8x16), 200x100 (8x14), 200x150 (8x8)
==  UXGA/UGA             1600x1200 4:3      // uxga (ffmpeg); VESA 1.92M3, established standard, 2x2 800x600; many 20" LCDs, high-end 21" CRTs; was in 15+" laptops, ThinkPad A21p, A30p, A31p, T42p, T43p, T60p, Dell Inspiron 8000/8100/8200 and Latitude/Precision equivalents; Panasonic Toughbook CF-51; and the original Alienware Area 51m
==                                          // VESA nonstd modes 284/256col,285/15b,286/16b,287/24b,322/32b; nonstd linux kernel vga=796/256col,797/15b,798/16b,799/24b,834/32b; may not work on some graphics cards
==                                          // VESA, 75.0 kHz, 60 Hz; VESA, 87.5 kHz, 70 Hz; VESA, 106.3 kHz, 85 Hz; eink 13.3"/150dpi, Onyx Boox Max, Pocketbook CAD Reader/Reader Flex
d   NEC 2090UXi          1600x1200@50       1920   1250      62.5            120           28   160  132      1    3   46        MythTV modelines, device-specific
c                        1600x1200@58.664   1792   1239      72.6842         130.250       48    32  112      3    4   32        [ref]
d   NEC 2090UXi          1600x1200@60       1920   1250      75              144           28   160  132      1    3   46        MythTV modelines, device-specific
c   VGA ATI/VIA          1600x1200@60.00    2048   1270      76.200  - -     156           32   160  256     10    8   52        fb.modes, ATI, VIA
S   DMT (v4l2)           1600x1200@60.000   2160   1250      75.0000 + +     162.000       64   192  304      1    3   46        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1600X1200P60
S   DMT v1.0 r11         1600x1200@60.000   2160   1250      75.0000 + +     162.000       64   192  304      1    3   46        STD (a9 40)
C   VESA                 1600x1200@60.00    2160   1250      75.0000 + +     162.000       64   192  304      1    3   46        common X11 modelines
c   VESA                 1600x1200@60       2160   1250      75      + +     162.00        64   192  304      1    3   46        MythTV modelines, VESA ModePool
c   VGA VESA             1600x1200@60       2160   1250      75.0    + +     162.0         64   192  304      1    3   46        MHi modelines table; VESA [ref]
c   VGA NVIDIA           1600x1200@60       2160   1250      75      + +     162.00        64   192  304      1    3   46        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
c   VGA                  1600x1200@60       2160   1250              + +     162           64   192  304      1    3   46        MHi modelines table
cf  Sun GDM-20D10        1600x1200@60.000   2160   1250      75.0000 - -     162.000       64   192  304      1    3   46        needs hw adapter; [ref]
d   SGI GDM-20E21        1600x1200@62.476   2000   1250      78.0950 - -     156.190       44   120  236      5    6   39        from EDID, native
S   DMT (v4l2)           1600x1200@65.000   2160   1250      81.2500 + +     175.500       64   192  304      1    3   46        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1600X1200P65
S   DMT v1.0 r11         1600x1200@65.000   2160   1250      81.2500 + +     175.500       64   192  304      1    3   46        STD (a9 45)
C   VESA                 1600x1200@65.00    2160   1250      81.2500 + +     175.500       64   192  304      1    3   46        common X11 modelines
c   VESA                 1600x1200@65       2160   1250      81.25   + +     175.50        64   192  304      1    3   46        MythTV modelines, VESA ModePool
c   VGA NVIDIA           1600x1200@65       2160   1250      81.25   + +     175.50        64   192  304      1    3   46        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
c   VGA VESA             1600x1200@65       2160   1250      81.25   + +     175.5         64   192  304      1    3   46        MHi modelines table; VESA [ref]
c   VGA ATI              1600x1200@66.00    2080   1253      82.700  - -     172           40   136  304      3    3   47        fb.modes, ATI
S   DMT (v4l2)           1600x1200@70.000   2160   1250      87.5000 + +     189.000       64   192  304      1    3   46        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1600X1200P70
S   DMT v1.0 r11         1600x1200@70.000   2160   1250      87.5000 + +     189.000       64   192  304      1    3   46        STD (a9 4a)
C   VESA                 1600x1200@70.00    2160   1250      87.5000 + +     189.000       64   192  304      1    3   46        common X11 modelines
c   VESA                 1600x1200@70       2160   1250      87.5    + +     189.00        64   192  304      1    3   46        MythTV modelines, VESA ModePool
c   VGA NVIDIA           1600x1200@70       2160   1250      87.5    + +     189.00        64   192  304      1    3   46        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
c   VGA VESA             1600x1200@70       2160   1250      87.5    + +     189.0         64   192  304      1    3   46        MHi modelines table; VESA [ref]
S   DMT (v4l2)           1600x1200@75.000   2160   1250      93.7500 + +     202.500       64   192  304      1    3   46        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1600X1200P75
S   DMT v1.0 r11         1600x1200@75.000   2160   1250      93.7500 + +     202.500       64   192  304      1    3   46        STD (a9 4f)
C   VESA                 1600x1200@75.00    2160   1250      93.7500 + +     202.500       64   192  304      1    3   46        common X11 modelines
c   VESA                 1600x1200@75       2160   1250      93.75   + +     202.50        64   192  304      1    3   46        MythTV modelines, VESA ModePool
c   VGA NVIDIA           1600x1200@75       2160   1250      93.75   + +     202.50        64   192  304      1    3   46        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
c   VGA VESA             1600x1200@75       2160   1250      93.75   + +     202.5         64   192  304      1    3   46        MHi modelines table; VESA [ref]
c   VGA VIA              1600x1200@75.00    2160   1250      93.750  + +     202.5         64   192  304      1    3   46        fb.modes, VIA
d   HP P1230 monitor     1600x1200@75.01    2158   1251      93.8369         202.500       89   150  319      2    4   45        xorg modeline, factory-supplied [ref]
c   VGA ATI              1600x1200@76.00    2080   1250      95.200  - -     198           40   136  304      3    5   42        fb.modes, ATI
d   iMac display         1600x1200@75.002   2192   1253      93.9781 - -     206.000      120   176  296      1    3   49        [ref]
c   GTF                  1600x1200@74.999   2192   1253      93.9735 - +     205.990      120   176  296      1    3   49
S   DMT (v4l2)           1600x1200@85.000   2160   1250     106.2500 + +     229.500       64   192  304      1    3   46        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1600X1200P85
S   DMT v1.0 r11         1600x1200@85.000   2160   1250     106.2500 + +     229.500       64   192  304      1    3   46        STD (a9 59)
C   VESA                 1600x1200@85.00    2160   1250     106.2500 + +     229.500       64   192  304      1    3   46        common X11 modelines
c   VESA                 1600x1200@85       2160   1250     106.25   + +     229.50        64   192  304      1    3   46        MythTV modelines, VESA ModePool
c   VGA VESA             1600x1200@85       2160   1250     106.25   + +     229.5         64   192  304      1    3   46        MHi modelines table; VESA [ref]
c   VGA NVIDIA           1600x1200@85       2160   1250     106.25   + +     229.50        64   192  304      1    3   46        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
d   HP P1230 monitor     1600x1200@85.011   2158   1251     106.3485         229.500       89   150  319      2    4   45        xorg modeline, factory-supplied [ref]
c   VGA GTF              1600x1200@100      2208   1271     127.1014 - +     280.64       128   176  304      1    3   67        MHi modelines table; VESA [ref]
c   GTF                  1600x1200@100.00   2208   1271     127.1014 - +     280.640      128   176  304      1    3   67        common X11 modelines
d   HP P1230 monitor     1600x1200@100.05   2154   1342     134.2618         289.200        0     0  554      3   10  129        xorg modeline, community-supported [ref]
S   DMT+CVT RB (v4l2)    1600x1200@119.92   1760   1271     152.4148 + -     268.250       48    32   80      3    4   64        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1600X1200P120_RB; REDUCED_BLANKING
S   DMT v1.0 r11         1600x1200@119.92   1760   1271     152.4148 + -     268.250       48    32   80      3    4   64        
=====                    1920x1200 16:10    // CMOS camera sensor; common, some with processors; IMX174
=== WUXGA                1920x1200 16:10    // wuxga (ffmpeg); PC industry standard; VESA 2.30MA; projectors; high-end 15"/17" notebooks, 23-27" LCDs, until ca.2010; Kindle Fire HD 9"
===                                         // popular for home cinema projectors; highest single-link DVI @60/24bpp; good for two text pages side by side; some phablets
===                                         // nonstd linux kernel vga=893/256col
===                                         // Sun, 87.1 kHz, 70 Hz; Sun, 93.6 kHz, 75 Hz
e   DPI LCD, TI DRA722   1920x1200@29.16    2176   1245      36.305  - -      79.000      210    30   16     22   13   10        dra72-evm.dts; pixelclk-active=1, de-active=1
d   Dell 2405FPW         1920x1200@30       4040   1232              -       151.138       40    32 2048      1    3   28        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   NEC PA243            1920x1200@50       2080   1250      62.5            130           48    32   80      3    6   41        MythTV modelines, device-specific
e   DPI LCD, TI DRA722   1920x1200@58.32    2176   1245      72.610  - -     158.000      210    30   16     22   13   10        dra72-evm.dts; pixelclk-active=1, de-active=1
S   DMT+CVT (v4l2)       1920x1200@59.885   2592   1245      74.5563 - +     193.250      136   200  336      3    6   36        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1920X1200P60
S   DMT v1.0 r11         1920x1200@59.885   2592   1245      74.5563 - +     193.250      136   200  336      3    6   36        STD (d1 00) CVT (57 28 28)
c   CVT 2.30MA           1920x1200@59.88    2592   1245      74.56   - +     193.25       136   200  336      3    6   36        x86 extramodes
S   DMT+CVT RB (v4l2)    1920x1200@59.95    2080   1235      74.0385 + -     154.000       48    32   80      3    6   26        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1920X1200P60_RB; REDUCED_BLANKING
S   DMT v1.0 r11         1920x1200@59.95    2080   1235      74.0385 + -     154.000       48    32   80      3    6   26        RB CVT (57 28 21)
c   CVT 2.30MA-R         1920x1200@59.95    2080   1235      74.04   + -     154.00        48    32   80      3    6   26        x86 extramodes
d   Dell 2405FPW         1920x1200@59.97    2184   1235              - -     161.75       100    32  132      2    6   27        MythTV modelines, device-specific
c                        1920x1200@59.976   2160   1242      74.4907         160.900       60    60  120      1    3   38        [ref]
d   NEC PA243            1920x1200@60       2000   1250      75              150           16    32   32      3    6   41        MythTV modelines, device-specific
d   Samsung HL-R5678W    1920x1200@60       2080   1235              + -     153.918       64    32   64      3    6   26        MythTV modelines, device-specific
cf  Sun GDM-20D10        1600x1200@60.000   2160   1250      75.0000         162.000       64   192  304      1    3   46        [ref]
c                        1920x1200@60.00    2592   1242      74.5201 + +     193.156      128   208  336      1    2   39        common X11 modelines
c   VGA GTF              1920x1200@60       2592   1242      74.52   - +     193.16       128   208  336      1    3   38        MHi modelines table; VESA [ref]
c   VGA NVIDIA           1920x1200@60       2592   1242      74.5216 + +     193.16       128   208  336      1    3   38        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
c   VGA VIA              1920x1200@60.00    2592   1245      74.556  + +     193.25       136   200  336      3    6   36        fb.modes, VIA
c                        1920x1200@60.386   2160   1242      75.0000         162.000       60    60  120      1    3   38        [ref]
e   MIPI/LVDS LD089WU1   1920x1200@60.68    2000   1236              - -     150.0000      24    16   40     16   10   10        den_pol=0, dclk_pol=1(LVDS)/0(RGB), OUT_P888, needs init; [ref]
e   LVDS/RGB b101uano    1920x1200@65.50    2012   1214              - -     160.0000       1     1   90      1    1   12        den_pol=0, dclk_pol=1(LVDS)/0(RGB), LVDS_8BIT_1, OUT_D888_P666; [ref]
c   VGA NVIDIA           1920x1200@73       2528   1250      90.981  - -     230.00        16   160  432      1    3   46        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
S   DMT+CVT (v4l2)       1920x1200@74.93    2608   1255      94.0376 - +     245.250      136   208  344      3    6   46        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1920X1200P75
S   DMT v1.0 r11         1920x1200@74.93    2608   1255      94.0376 - +     245.250      136   208  344      3    6   46        STD (d1 0f) CVT (57 28 44)
c                        1920x1200@75.00    2624   1253      93.9748 + +     246.590      144   208  352      1    2   50        common X11 modelines
S   DMT+CVT (v4l2)       1920x1200@84.932   2624   1262     107.1837 - +     281.250      144   208  352      3    6   53        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1920X1200P85
S   DMT v1.0 r11         1920x1200@84.932   2624   1262     107.1837 - +     281.250      144   208  352      3    6   53        STD (d1 19) CVT (57 28 62)
S   DMT+CVT RB (v4l2)    1920x1200@119.91   2080   1271     152.4038 + -     317.000       48    32   80      3    6   62        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1920X1200P120_RB; REDUCED_BLANKING
S   DMT v1.0 r11         1920x1200@119.91   2080   1271     152.4038 + -     317.000       48    32   80      3    6   62        CVT-RB
====                     2128x1200 16:9     // VESA 2.55M9
==== 2.59M9              2160x1200 18:10    // 9:5; HTC Vive, Oculus Rift (both eyes)
===  WFHD+               2880x1200 12:5     // "21:9"
=== DFHD+                3840x1200 16:5     // 32:10; "super wide 16:5 1200"; some insanely wide bent displays, Samsung 43CJ85
=== SWFFHD+              4320x1200 18:5     // 36:10; "super wide 18:5 1200"; some insanely wide bent displays, Samsung 43CJ85
======                   1608x1208 ~4:3     // CMOS image sensor
======                   1928x1208 ~16:10   // CMOS image sensor
======                   1632x1212 ~4:3     // CMOS image sensor, onboard processor
======                   1616x1216 ~4:3     // CMOS image sensor, some with onboard processor
=====                    1640x1232 4:3      // raspi camera v2 IMX219, mode 4, 2x2 binning, 0.1-40 fps
====                     1680x1264 ~4:3     // eink 7"/300dpi, Kindle Oasis 7", Tolino vision 5, 
cf  IBM 9504             1640x1268@76.993   2212   1326     102.0931 + +     225.830       16   166  390      1    3   54        [ref]
=== 2.05M4               1600x1280 5:4      // (VESA 2.05M4) Sun3 Hi-res Monochrome
===                                         // CAD workstations: Cornerstone, 105.1 kHz, 76.2 Hz; Sun, 89.3 kHz, 67 Hz; Extron, 95 kHz, 70.9 Hz; monitor Sony GDM-5402; PowerPC 11, 61.1 kHz, 76 Hz; PowerPC 12, 79.8 kHz, 60 Hz
c   CVT                  1600x1280@59.92    2160   1327      79.5139 - +     171.750      112   168  280      3    7   37
c   GTF                  1600x1280@75.001   2192   1336     100.2007 - +     219.640      120   176  296      1    3   52
c   GTF                  1600x1280@78.25    2192   1339     104.7765 - +     229.670      120   176  296      1    3   55
=== FHD+                 1920x1280 3:2      // on Microsoft Surface 3 tablet
==== 2.62MA              2048x1280 16:10    // supported by some GPUs, monitors, and games
======                   2160x1280 27/16    // CMOS image sensor
=====!                   2304x1296 16:9     // image sensors of security cameras, 3Mpix 16:9
=====                    2012x1324 3:2      // image sensor of Nikon D1, 2.74 Mpix
=== DCI, Academy 2x      1828x1332          // postproduction; digital film, Academy 2x
=== 2.41M3               1792x1344 4:3      // many 19" and 21" monitors; supported by some monitors and games; todo: find
c   VGA VIA              1792x1344@60.00    2432   1391      83.460  + +     202.975      128   192  320      1    3   43        fb.modes, VIA
S   DMT (v4l2)           1792x1344@60.000   2448   1394      83.6397 - +     204.750      128   200  328      1    3   46        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1792X1344P60
S   DMT v1.0 r11         1792x1344@60.000   2448   1394      83.6397 - +     204.750      128   200  328      1    3   46        STD (c1 40)
c   VESA                 1792x1344@60.014   2448   1394      83.6601 - +     204.800      128   200  328      1    3   46        common X11 modelines
d   HP P1230 monitor     1792x1344@60.033   2449   1393      83.6260         204.800      105   177  375      1    4   44        xorg modeline, factory-supplied [ref]
c   VESA                 1792x1344@60       2448   1394      83.6601 - +     204.80       128   200  328      1    3   46        MythTV modelines, VESA ModePool
c   VGA NVIDIA           1792x1344@60       2448   1394      83.6601 - +     204.80       128   200  328      1    3   46        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
c   VGA VESA             1792x1344@60       2448   1394      83.6    - +     204.8        128   200  328      1    3   46        MHi modelines table; VESA [ref]
S   DMT (v4l2)           1792x1344@74.997   2456   1417     106.2704 - +     261.000       96   216  352      1    3   69        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1792X1344P75
S   DMT v1.0 r11         1792x1344@74.997   2456   1417     106.2704 - +     261.000       96   216  352      1    3   69        STD (c1 4f)
C   VESA                 1792x1344@74.997   2456   1417     106.2704 - +     261.000       96   216  352      1    3   69        common X11 modelines
c   VESA                 1792x1344@75       2456   1417     106.27   - +     261.00        96   216  352      1    3   69        MythTV modelines, VESA ModePool
c   VGA NVIDIA           1792x1344@75       2456   1417     106.27   - +     261.00        96   216  352      1    3   69        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
c   VGA VESA             1792x1344@75       2456   1417     106.3    - +     261.0         96   216  352      1    3   69        MHi modelines table; VESA [ref]
d   HP P1230 monitor     1792x1344@75.027   2455   1417     106.3136         261.000      106   179  378      2    6   65        xorg modeline, factory-supplied [ref]
S   DMT+CVT RB (v4l2)    1792x1344@119.97   1952   1423     170.7223 + -     333.250       48    32   80      3    4   72        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1792X1344P120_RB; REDUCED_BLANKING
S   DMT v1.0 r11         1792x1344@119.97   1952   1423     170.7223 + -     333.250       48    32   80      3    4   72        CVT-RB
=====                    2432x1366 ~16:9    // Blackmagic Cinema camera
=====                    2448x1377 16:9     // Sony PMW-F3, Sony NEX-FS100U
===                      1856x1392 4:3      // todo: find
S   DMT (v4l2)           1856x1392@59.995   2528   1439      86.3331 - +     218.250       96   224  352      1    3   43        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1856X1392P60
S   DMT v1.0 r11         1856x1392@59.995   2528   1439      86.3331 - +     218.250       96   224  352      1    3   43        STD (c9 40)
c   VGA VESA             1856x1392@60       2528   1439      86.3    - +     218.3         96   224  352      1    3   43        MHi modelines table; VESA [ref]
c   VESA                 1856x1392@60.009   2528   1439      86.3528 - +     218.300       96   224  352      1    3   43        common X11 modelines
c   VESA                 1856x1392@60       2528   1439      86.3528 - +     218.30        96   224  352      1    3   43        MythTV modelines, VESA ModePool
c   VGA NVIDIA           1856x1392@60       2528   1439      86.3528 - +     218.30        96   224  352      1    3   43        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
c   VGA VIA              1856x1392@60.00    2528   1439      86.460  + +     218.571      136   200  336      1    3   45        fb.modes, VIA
S   DMT (v4l2)           1856x1392@75.000   2560   1500     112.5000 - +     288.000      128   224  352      1    3  104        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1856X1392P75
S   DMT v1.0 r11         1856x1392@75.000   2560   1500     112.5000 - +     288.000      128   224  352      1    3  104        STD (c9 4f)
C   VESA                 1856x1392@75.00    2560   1500     112.5000 - +     288.000      128   224  352      1    3  104        common X11 modelines
c   VESA                 1856x1392@75       2560   1500     112.5    - +     288.00       128   224  352      1    3  104        MythTV modelines, VESA ModePool
c   VGA VESA             1856x1392@75       2560   1500     112.5    - +     288.0        128   224  352      1    3  104        MHi modelines table; VESA [ref]
c   VGA NVIDIA           1856x1392@75       2560   1500     112.5    - +     288.00       128   224  352      1    3  104        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
S   DMT+CVT RB (v4l2)    1856x1392@119.97   2016   1474     176.8353 + -     356.500       48    32   80      3    4   75        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1856X1392P120_RB; REDUCED_BLANKING
S   DMT v1.0 r11         1856x1392@119.97   2016   1474     176.8353 + -     356.500       48    32   80      3    4   75        CVT-RB
==== 2.58M3              1856x1392 4:3      // supported by some GPUs, monitors, and games
d   HP P1230 monitor     1880x1400@65.039   2519   1576     102.5010         258.200        0     0  639      4   13  159        xorg modeline, community-supported [ref]
d   HP P1230 monitor     1880x1400@75.016   2519   1577     118.3009         298.000        0     0  639      4   13  160        xorg modeline, community-supported [ref]
d   HP P1230 monitor     1880x1400@85.035   2519   1577     134.1008         337.800        0     0  639      4   13  160        xorg modeline, community-supported [ref]
====                     1872x1404 4:3      // eink, 7.8": Pocketbook 740, Pocketbook 1040, Icarus Illumina XL, Boyue Likebook Plus, Tolink epos; eink 10.3": reMarkable, Onyx Book Nova Pro, Waveshare 10.3" flexible
==== 2.07M1              1440x1440 1:1      // Windows Mixed Reality headsets (per eye)
==== 2.59M4              1800x1440          // Extron, 105 kHz, 70 Hz; supported by some GPUs, monitors, and games
c   VGA                  1800x1440@64.53    2392   1490      96.15   + +     230           96   192  304      1    3   46        MHi modelines table
c   (unchecked)          1800x1440@64.533   2392   1490      96.1538 + +     230.000       96   192  304      1    3   46        common X11 modelines
c   VGA                  1800x1440@70.14    2392   1490     104.515  + +     250           96   192  304      1    3   46        MHi modelines table
=== TXGA                 1920x1400 ~7:5     // Tesselar XGA (2007, between UXGA and QXGA)
=====! 1440p             1920x1440 4:3      // digital video cameras, 1440p; GoPro Hero 7 1440p
=== 2.76M3               1920x1440 4:3      // VESA 2.76M3, established standard; 4:3 superset of 1080p, common on highres CRTs; supported by some GPUs, monitors, and games; similar to TXGA, 1920x1400; eink 8", Tolino epos 2
c                        1920x1200@58.756   2112   1241      72.9167         154.000       48    32  112      3    6   32        [ref]
c                        1920x1440@58.892   2112   1486      87.5133         184.828       48    32  112      3    4   39        [ref]
S   DMT (v4l2)           1920x1440@60.000   2600   1500      90.0000 - +     234.000      128   208  344      1    3   56        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1920X1440P60
S   DMT v1.0 r11         1920x1440@60.000   2600   1500      90.0000 - +     234.000      128   208  344      1    3   56        STD (d1 40)
C   VESA                 1920x1440@60.00    2600   1500      90.0000 - +     234.000      128   208  344      1    3   56        common X11 modelines
c   VESA                 1920x1440@60       2600   1500      90      - +     234.00       128   208  344      1    3   56        MythTV modelines, VESA ModePool
c   VGA NVIDIA           1920x1440@60       2600   1500      90      - +     234.00       128   208  344      1    3   56        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
c   VGA VESA             1920x1440@60       2600   1500      90.0    - +     234.0        128   208  344      1    3   56        MHi modelines table; VESA [ref]
c   VGA VIA              1920x1440@60.00    2600   1500      90.000  + +     234          128   208  344      1    3   56        fb.modes, VIA
d   HP P1230 monitor     1920x1440@60       2600   1500      90.0000         234.000      108   183  389      2    5   53        xorg modeline, factory-supplied [ref]
d   iMac display         1920x1440@65.381   2568   1489      97.3520 - -     250.000      104   200  344      1    3   45        [ref]
S   DMT (v4l2)           1920x1440@75.000   2640   1500     112.5000 - +     297.000      144   224  352      1    3   56        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1920X1440P75
S   DMT v1.0 r11         1920x1440@75.000   2640   1500     112.5000 - +     297.000      144   224  352      1    3   56        STD (d1 4f)
C   VESA                 1920x1440@75.00    2640   1500     112.5000 - +     297.000      144   224  352      1    3   56        common X11 modelines
c   VESA                 1920x1440@75       2640   1500     112.5    - +     297.00       144   224  352      1    3   56        MythTV modelines, VESA ModePool
c   VGA VESA             1920x1440@75       2640   1500     112.5    - +     297.0        144   224  352      1    3   56        MHi modelines table; VESA [ref]
c   VGA NVIDIA           1920x1440@75       2640   1500     112.5    - +     297.00       144   224  352      1    3   56        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
c   VGA VIA              1920x1440@75.00    2640   1500     112.500  + +     297          144   224  352      1    3   56        fb.modes, VIA
d   HP P1230 monitor     1920x1440@75.045   2428   1630     122.3229         297.000       81   137  290      4   14  172        xorg modeline, factory-supplied [ref]
c   VGA NVIDIA           1920x1440@85       2656   1512     128.52   - +     341.35       152   216  368      1    3   68        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
c   VESA GTF             1920x1440@85       2656   1512     128.5    - +     341.35       152   216  368      1    3   68        x86 extramodes
S   DMT+CVT RB (v4l2)    1920x1440@119.96   2080   1525     182.9327 + -     380.500       48    32   80      3    4   78        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_1920X1440P120_RB; REDUCED_BLANKING
S   DMT v1.0 r11         1920x1440@119.96   2080   1525     182.9327 + -     380.500       48    32   80      3    4   78        RB
==== 3.11M2              2160x1440 3:2      // Microsoft Surface Pro 3
==== 3.32MA              2304x1440 16:10    // VESA 3.32MA; Maximum resolution of the Sony GDM-FW900, Hewlett Packard A7217A and the Retina Display MacBook
=====!                   2560x1440 16:9     // security camera sensors, 1440p, 4 Mpix (3.69 Mpix)
==  HDTV+/1440p/QHD/WQHD 2560x1440 16:9     // VESA 3.69M9; Quad HD; native for many highend 27" IPS LCDs, second most common to 1920x1080 (2020); many smartphones, common since mid 2010s; 4 times the 720p HD, 4x3 VGA; 27" Apple Thunderbolt display; cellphone displays, some SLA 3d printers (Anycubic Photon)
==                                          // HDTV+ (HEVC codec), 16:9
d   Intel HD3000, CVT    2560x1440@29.935   3328   1468      43.9453 - +     146.250      120   264  384      3    5   20        [ref]
d   Fujitsu P27T-6       2560x1440@29.935   3328   1468      43.9453 - +     146.250      120   264  384      3    5   20        [ref]
d   Fujitsu P27T-6       2560x1440@54.926   2720   1478      81.1809 - -     220.812       48    32   80      3    5   30        reduced blanking [ref]
c   older slower cards   2560x1440@54.973   2720   1478      81.2500 + -     221.000       48    32   80      3    4   31        [ref]
c   CVT 3.69M9-R         2560x1440@59.95    2720   1481      88.79   + -     241.50        48    32   80      3    5   33        x86 extramodes
d   some LG 4K TV        2560x1440@59.951   2720   1481      88.7868 + +     241.500       48    32   80      3    5   33        from EDID [ref]
d   Dell U2713HM         2560x1440@60       3488   1490      89.4008 - +     311.83       184   280  464      1    3   46        [ref]
c   CVT 3.69M9           2560x1440@59.96    3488   1493      89.52   - +     312.25       192   272  464      3    5   45        x86 extramodes
d   Apple iMac           2560x1440@59.951   2720   1481      88.7868 + -     241.500       48    32   80      3    5   33        PnP ID APPA007; [ref]
d   Dell S3219D          2560x1440@74.995   2720   1455     109.1176 + -     296.800       48    32   80      3    5    7        from EDID, native [ref]
=====! 2.7K Cin          2704x1524 ~17:9    // GoPro
==== 4.15M2:1            2880x1440 18:9     // 2:1, LG G6, LG V30 and Pixel 2 XL smartphones; Windows Mixed Reality headset
==== "Infinity Display"  2960x1440 18.5:9   // Samsung Galaxy S8 and Samsung Galaxy Note 8 smartphones; "Infinity" display family ratio; QuadHD+, WQHD+
====                     3040x1440 19:9     // Samsung Galaxy S10
====                     3120x1440 19.5:9   //
====                     3200x1440 20:9
=== UWQHD/WQHD           3440x1440 21.5:9   // 43:18, "21:9"; "1440p ultrawide", Cinemascope ratio; since 2013; common-ish large screen size; LG, Samsung, Acer, HP and Dell UltraWide monitors
=== DQHD                 5120x1440 32:9     // "super wide 32:9 1440"; ultra-wide screens; dual QHD, 2x1 2560x1440
d   AOC Agon 49UCX       5120x3440@59.98    5280   1481      88.83   + -     469.00        48    32   80      3   10   28        CVT, reduced blanking; needs "overclock" via hdmi_pixel_freq_limit, hdmi_enable_4kp60=1; [ref]
======                   2184x1472 ~3:2     // CCD image sensor
=====!                   1952x1472 ~4:3     // security cameras, 2.8 Mpix
==== 3.39MA              2256x1504 8:5/3:2  // Surface Laptop, 1.067 PAR
=====!                   2688x1512 16:9     // standard image size
=====!                   2688x1520 ~16:9    // image sensors of security cameras, 4 Mpix; CMOS camera sensors, some with processors
=====!                   2704x1520 16:9     // image sensors for 2.7K video; GoPro Hero 7 2.7K; GoPro Hero 4 2K
=====! 2.7K              2704x1524 16:9     // GoPro Hero 7 2.7K
====                     2718x1528 ~16:9    // matrix size on many pixel-shifting 4K projectors
=====!                   2048x1536 4:3      // standard image size, 3Mpix; image sensor of early digital cameras, security cameras, 3 Mpix 4:3, 3.1 Mpix; CMOS image sensors, some with processors; some machine vision cameras (C-mount); IMX252, OV3640, OV3660
=== QXGA/SUXGA           2048x1536 4:3      // qxga (ffmpeg); VESA standard; VESA 3.15M3, Quad XGA, 2x2 1024x768; iPad 3/4 Retina display (9/7"); Extron, 115 kHz, 71.8 Hz
c                        2048x1536@60.00    2800   1589      95.3400 + +     266.952      152   224  376      1    3   49        common X11 modelines
c   VESA GTF             2048x1536@60       2800   1589      95.3    - +     266.95       152   224  376      1    3   49        x86 extramodes
c   VGA NVIDIA           2048x1536@60       2800   1589      95.3393 - +     266.95       152   224  376      1    3   49        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
c   VGA VIA              2048x1536@60.00    2800   1592      95.446  + +     267.25       152   224  376      3    4   49        fb.modes, VIA
c   VESA GTF             2048x1536@75       2832   1603     120.2    - +     340.48       168   224  392      1    3   63        x86 extramodes
c   VGA NVIDIA           2048x1536@75       2832   1603     120.226  - +     340.48       168   224  392      1    3   63        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
c   VESA GTF             2048x1536@85       2832   1612     137.0    - +     388.04       168   224  392      1    3   72        x86 extramodes
c   VGA NVIDIA           2048x1536@85       2832   1612     137.02   - +     388.04       168   224  392      1    3   72        MythTV modelines, NVIDIA Driver ModePool
e   RGB LP097QX1         2048x1536@59.94    2208   1549              - -     205.0000     150     5    5      3    1    9        x=2047 if CONFIG_ARCH_RK3066B; den_pol=0, dclk_pol=1, LVDS_8BIT_1, OUT_P666, has dsp_lut; [ref]
d   HP P1230 monitor     2048x1536@85.044   2832   1611     137.0056         388.000      125   211  448      2    6   67        xorg modeline, factory-supplied [ref]
======                   2304x1536 3:2      // CMOS image sensor
====                     2454x1536 16:10    // VESA 3.77MA
====                     2728x1536 16:9     // VESA 4.19M9
=== DCI, Full Ap.Nat.2x  2048x1556          // film postproduction; digital film, Full Aperture Native 2x
=== WQXGA, "2.5K"        2560x1600 16:10    // woxga (ffmpeg); version of XGA, native for many 30" widescreen LCDs; MacBook Pro with Retina (13.3"); highest with dual-link DVI @60/24bpp; 2x2 1280x800 WXGA; cellphone displays, some SLA 3d printers
S   DMT+CVT RB (v4l2)    2560x1600@59.972   2720   1646      98.7132 + -     268.500       48    32   80      3    6   37        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_2560X1600P60_RB; REDUCED_BLANKING
S   DMT v1.0 r11         2560x1600@59.972   2720   1646      98.7132 + -     268.500       48    32   80      3    6   37        CVT-RB CVT (1f 38 21)
c   CVT 4.10MA-R         2560x1600@59.97    2720   1646      98.71   + -     268.50        48    32   80      3    6   37        x86 extramodes
c   CVT 4.67M9-R         2880x1620@59.97    3040   1666      99.92   + -     303.75        48    32   80      3    5   38        x86 extramodes
S   DMT+CVT (v4l2)       2560x1600@59.987   3504   1658      99.4578 - +     348.500      192   280  472      3    6   49        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_2560X1600P60
S   DMT v1.0 r11         2560x1600@59.987   3504   1658      99.4578 - +     348.500      192   280  472      3    6   49        CVT (1f 38 28)
c   CVT 4.10MA           2560x1600@59.99    3504   1658      99.46   - +     348.50       200   272  472      3    6   49        x86 extramodes
S   DMT+CVT (v4l2)       2560x1600@74.972   3536   1672     125.3535 - +     443.250      208   280  488      3    6   63        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_2560X1600P75
S   DMT v1.0 r11         2560x1600@74.972   3536   1672     125.3535 - +     443.250      208   280  488      3    6   63        CVT (1f 38 44)
S   DMT+CVT (v4l2)       2560x1600@84.951   3536   1682     142.8874 - +     505.250      208   280  488      3    6   73        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_2560X1600P85
S   DMT v1.0 r11         2560x1600@84.951   3536   1682     142.8874 - +     505.250      208   280  488      3    6   73        CVT (1f 38 62)
S   DMT+CVT RB (v4l2)    2560x1600@119.96   2720   1694     203.2169 + -     552.750       48    32   80      3    6   85        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_2560X1600P120_RB; REDUCED_BLANKING
S   DMT v1.0 r11         2560x1600@119.96   2720   1694     203.2169 + -     552.750       48    32   80      3    6   85        RB
=== UW4K/UWQHD+/WQHD+    3840x1600 12:5     // 21.6:9, "21:9", 2.4:1; "4K"; QHD+; common on UltraHD Blu-Ray discs; common in cinematic 4K cropped vertically to widescreen 2.4:1
=== DQHD+                5120x1600 16:5     // 32:10; "super wide 16:5 1600"; some insanely wide bent displays, Samsung 43CJ85
=== SWQHD+               5760x1600 18:5     // 36:10; "super wide 18:5 1600"
==== 4.67MA              2880x1620 16:9     // Lenovo Thinkpad W541
c   CVT 4.67M9           2880x1620@59.96    3936   1679     100.67   - +     396.25       216   312  528      3    5   51        x86 extramodes
===                      3840x1644 ~21:9    // smartphones; Sony Xperia 1; some computer screens
======                   2464x1648 3:2      // image sensor of Canon 1D, 4.1 Mpix
====                     2200x1650 4:3      // eink 13.3"/207dpi, Onyx Book Max 2/3, Sony DPT-RP1
=====!                   2240x1680 4:3      // common digital photo size, 4Mpix; standard size
======                   1710x1696 ~1:1     // CMOS image sensor
==== 4.35M2              2560x1700 ~3:2     // Pixel C (android tablet)
======                   2272x1704 4:3      // image sensor, Olympus Stylus 410, Contax i4R; 4 MPix; sensor CCD square 2272x2272
====                     2560x1707 ~3:2     // some TVs
====                     4096x1714          // digital film, Digital Cinema 4x
=== DCI 4x               4096x1716          // DCI 4K (4096x2160) cropped to CinemaScope ratio
==== 3.98M3              2304x1728 4:3      // some displays, graphics cards
=====                    3072x1728 16:9     // security cameras, 5Mpix 16:9
======                   2312x1736 ~4:3     // CMOS image sensor
======                   2336x1752 4:3      // CCD image sensor
======                   2640x1760x3 3:2    // image sensor Foveon X3
====                     1600x1800          // Cornerstone, 105 kHz, 76 Hz
==== 4.61M1.422          2560x1800 64:45    // Pixel C (android tablet)
==== QWXGA+, 5.18MA      2880x1800 16:10    // MacBook Pro with Retina (15.4"); double the 1440x900
=== HDTV+, QHD+, WQXGA+  3200x1800 16:9     // 4 times 1600x900 HD+; HP Envy TouchSmart 14, Fujitsu Lifebook UH90/L, Lenovo Yoga 2 Pro
=== 1800p                                   // HDTV+ (HEVC codec), 16:9
c   CVT 5.76M9-R         3200x1800@59.94    3360   1852     111.01   + -     373.00        48    32   80      3    5   44        x86 extramodes
c   CVT 5.76M9           3200x1800@59.96    4400   1865     111.82   - +     492.00       256   344  600      3    5   57        x86 extramodes
d   Intel HD3000 on 4K   3200x1800@59.982   3360   1852     111.0863 + -     373.250       48    32   80      3    4   45        scaled up in monitor; DELL P2415Q monitor, fits Thinkpad X220 clock limit (389 MHz, Intel HD 3000) [ref]
=== UW 1800              4320x1800 12:5     // "21:9", "ultrawide 1800"
=== 16:5 5K              5760x1800 16:5     // 32:10; "super wide 16:5 1800"
=== 32:9 6K              6400x1800 18:5     // 36:10; "super wide 18:5 1800"
==== 4.99M2              2736x1824 3:2      // on Microsoft Surface Pro 4 tablet
=====!                   2560x1920 4:3      // common digital photo size, 5Mpix; security cameras, 1920p, 5 Mpix; image sensor in digital cameras, 5 Mpix, 4.9 Mpix
=== 4.92M3               2560x1920 4:3      // VESA 4.92M3, 2x2 1280x960; Max. CRT resolution, supported by the Viewsonic P225f and some graphics cards; some TVs
====                     3072x1920 16:10    // VESA 5.90MA
====                     3408x1920 16:9     // VESA 6.54M9
=====!                   3840x1920 2:1      // cameras, 360-degree; Ricoh Theta SC2
=====                    2576x1932 4:3      // iphone 6s front camera, 5Mpix
=====!                   2592x1944 4:3      // standard image size; security cameras, 5Mpix 4:3; CMOS sensors, very common, may have processor; raspi camera (v1, OV5647, native resolution, mode 2 1-15 fps, mode 3 0.16-1 fps)
======                   2688x1944 112:81   // ~11:8; CMOS image sensor, some with onboard processor
====                     3000x2000 3:2      // on Microsoft Surface Book tablet, Huawei MateBook X Pro
=====                    3008x2000 3:2      // image sensor in digital cameras, 6 Mpix
=====!                   3032x2008 3:2      // common digital photo size, 6Mpix;
=====                    2704x2028 4:3      // digital cameras, 2.7K; GoPro Hero 7 2.7K 4:3
======                   2048x2048 1:1      // CCD image sensor, 4.2 Mpix; CMOS image sensors; some machine vision cameras (C-mount), 4 Mpix
=====                    2456x2048 6:5      // image sensor in digital cameras, 5 Mpix, IMX250
====                     2048x2048          // Chromatics, 127 kHz, 60 Hz
d   TSI Raptor 2000      2048x2048@60       2816   2114     126.8395       357.180       40   320  408      3    3   60          [ref]
=== QSXGA                2560x2048 5:4      // qsxga (ffmpeg); Quad SXGA; 2x2 SXGA 1280x1024
======                   2592x2048 81:64    // ~5:4; CMOS image sensor, some with onboard processor
==== 5.6M3               2732x2048 4:3      // iPad Pro 12.9"
=====!                   3072x2048 3:2      // image sensor in some Canon EOS digital cameras, 6.3 Mpix; security cameras, 6 Mpix; CCD image sensor
======                   2592x2056 ~5:4     // CMOS image sensor
=== WQSXGA               3200x2048 25:16    // ~16:10; wqsxga (ffmpeg)
=====                    2452x2054 ~6:5     // some machine vision cameras (C-mount), 5 Mpix
======                   2084x2085 ~1:1     // CCD image sensor
======                   2096x2096 1:1      // CCD image sensor
=== QSXGA+               2800x2100 4:3      // Quad SXGA+
=====                    2816x2112 4:3      // image sensor in digital cameras, 5.9 Mpix
======                   2832x2128 ~4:3     // CMOS image sensor
====                     1920x2160 8:9      // half of 4K UHD; some early monitors appear as pair of this
=== UHDTV                2880x2160 4:3      // format of some "4K" dash cameras; UHDTV Rec.2020, Ultra HD Blu-Ray, 16:9
==== 7M2                 3240x2160 3:2      // Microsoft Surface Book 2, 15"
=====! 4K/UHD            3840x2160 16:9     // standard image size; 4K/2160p security cameras, 8 Mpix (8.29 Mpix); CMOS sensors, common; GoPro Hero 7 4K
==  4K UHD, UHD-1        3840x2160 16:9     // 4Kx2K; 2x2 1080p, 3x3 720p, lowest common multiple; DVB-UDHTV; UHDTV1 (SMPTE ST 2036-1), 4K UHDTV (ITU-R BT.2020), UHD-1 (DVB), Blu-Ray UltraHD with HEVC compression; needs dual DVI, cat.2 HDMI, DisplayPort or Thunderbolt
==                                          // UHDTV Rec.2020, Ultra HD Blu-Ray, 16:9; projectors; some SLA 3d printers (13.3", EPAX 133)
==                                          // HDMI 1.4a up to 30 fps, HDMI2.0 up to 60 fps
d   Intel HD3000, CVT    3840x2160@19.982   4992   2188      43.7200 - +     218.250      184   392  576      3    5   20        low-rate [ref]
S   VIC=93  2160p24      3840x2160@23.98*   5500   2250      54.00           297.000                                             16:9  (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=93 vfreq=23.98/24
S   VIC=103 2160p24      3840x2160@23.98*   5500   2250      67.50           297.000                                             64:27 (pixel=4:3); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=103 vfreq=23.98/24
S   CEA861 (v4l2)        3840x2160@24.000*  5500   2250      54.0000 + +     297.000     1276    88  296      8   10   72        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_CEA_3840X2160P24; CAN_REDUCE_FPS,IS_CE_VIDEO,HAS_CEA861_VIC,HAS_HDMI_VIC
d   some LG 4K TV        3840x2160@23.976   5500   2250      53.9455 + +     296.700     1276    88  296      8   10   72        from EDID [ref]
d   some LG 4K TV        3840x2160@24.000   5500   2250      54.0000 + +     297.000     1276    88  296      8   10   72        from EDID [ref]
c   Intel HD4000 card    3840x2160@23.980   4000   2194      52.612  + -     210.45        48    32   80     23    5    6        Intel HD4000, reduced blanking for its max 225 MHz pixel clock; [ref]
c   Intel HD4000 card    3840x2160@24.000   4000   2194      52.656  + -     210.62        48    32   80     23    5    6        Intel HD4000, reduced blanking for its max 225 MHz pixel clock; [ref]
c   Intel HD4000 card    3840x2160@25.000   4000   2194      54.980  + -     219.40        48    32   80     23    5    6        Intel HD4000, reduced blanking for its max 225 MHz pixel clock; [ref]
d   raspi4 alt           3840x2160@25.000   4400   2250      56.2500 + +     247.500      176    88  296      8   10   72        alternative timing [ref]
d   HDMI1.4a             3840x2160@25.000   5088   2191      54.7759 - +     278.700      216   408  624      1    3   27        Dell Inspiron 13-5379, Ubuntu and 4K monitor [ref]
S   VIC=94  2160p25      3840x2160@25       5280   2250      56.25           297.000                                             16:9  (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=94
S   VIC=104 2160p25      3840x2160@25       5280   2250      56.25           297.000                                             64:27 (pixel=4:3); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=104 (clock discrepancy?)
S   CEA861 (v4l2)        3840x2160@25.000   5280   2250      56.2500 + +     297.000     1056    88  296      8   10   72        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_CEA_3840X2160P25; IS_CE_VIDEO,HAS_CEA861_VIC,HAS_HDMI_VIC
d   some LG 4K TV        3840x2160@25.000   5280   2250      56.2500 + +     297.000     1056    88  296      8   10   72        from EDID [ref]
d   some LG 4K TV        3840x2160@29.970   4400   2250      67.4318 + +     296.700      176    88  296      8   10   72        from EDID [ref]
S   VIC=95  2160p30      3840x2160@29.97*   4400   2250      67.50           297.000                                             16:9  (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=95 vfreq=29.97/30
S   VIC=105 2160p30      3840x2160@29.97*   4400   2250      67.50           297.000                                             64:27 (pixel=4:3); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=105 vfreq=29.97/30
S   CEA861 (v4l2)        3840x2160@30.000*  4400   2250      67.5000 + +     297.000      176    88  296      8   10   72        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_CEA_3840X2160P30; CAN_REDUCE_FPS,IS_CE_VIDEO,HAS_CEA861_VIC,HAS_HDMI_VIC
d   some LG 4K TV        3840x2160@30.000   4400   2250      67.5000 + +     297.000      176    88  296      8   10   72        from EDID [ref]
d   Raspi 4, dual, GTF   3840x2160@30.000   5152   2197      65.9103 - +     339.570      240   416  656      1    3   33        dual 4K@30 on Raspberry Pi 4 [ref]
d   Intel HD3000         3840x2160@41.988   4000   2203      92.5000 + -     370.000       48    32   80      3    4   36        DELL P2415Q monitor, fits Thinkpad X220 clock limit (389 MHz, Intel HD 3000) [ref]
d   Intel HD3000 limit   3840x2160@44.104   4000   2205      97.2500 + -     389.000       48    32   80      3    4   38        DELL P2415Q monitor, fits Thinkpad X220 clock limit (389 MHz, Intel HD 3000) [ref]
S   VIC=114 2160p48      3840x2160@47.96*   5500   2250     108.00           594.000                                             16:9  (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=114 vfreq=47.96/48
S   VIC=116 2160p48      3840x2160@47.96*   5500   2250     108.00           594.000                                             64:27 (pixel=4:3); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=116 vfreq=47.96/48
S   VIC=96  2160p50      3840x2160@50       5280   2250     112.50           594.000                                             16:9  (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=96
S   VIC=106 2160p50      3840x2160@50       5280   2250     112.50           594.000                                             64:27 (pixel=4:3); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=106
S   CEA861 (v4l2)        3840x2160@50.000   5280   2250     112.5000 + +     594.000     1056    88  296      8   10   72        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_CEA_3840X2160P50; IS_CE_VIDEO,HAS_CEA861_VIC
d   some LG 4K TV        3840x2160@50.000   5280   2250     112.5000 + +     594.000     1056    88  296      8   10   72        from EDID [ref]
d   some LG 4K TV        3840x2160@59.940   4400   2250     134.8659 + +     593.410      176    88  296      8   10   72        from EDID [ref]
c                        3840x2160@59.94    4000   2223     133.25   + -     533.00        48    32   80      3    5   55        [ref]
c   CVT 8.29M9-R         3840x2160@59.97    4000   2222     133.25   + -     533.00        48    32   80      3    5   54        x86 extramodes
d   Dell P2415Q          3840x2160@59.97    4000   2222     133.25   + -     533.00        48    32   80      3    5   54        device-specific, reduced blanking; CVT 8.29M9-R; [ref]
c   CVT 8.29M9           3840x2160@59.98    5312   2237     134.18   - +     712.75       320   416  736      3    5   69        x86 extramodes
S   VIC=97 2160p60       3840x2160@60       4400   2250     135.00           594.000                                             16:9 (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=97
S   VIC=107 2160p        3840x2160@60       4400   2250     135.00           594.000                                             64:27 (pixel=4:3); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=107
S   CEA861 (v4l2)        3840x2160@60.000*  4400   2250     135.0000 + +     594.000      176    88  296      8   10   72        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_CEA_3840X2160P60; CAN_REDUCE_FPS,IS_CE_VIDEO,HAS_CEA861_VIC
c   CVT 8.29M9           3840x2160@60.00    5312   2237     134.18   - +     712.75       320   416  736      3    5   69        [ref]
d   some LG 4K TV        3840x2160@59.997   4000   2222     133.3125 + -     533.250       48    48   64      3    5   54        from EDID [ref]
d   some LG 4K TV        3840x2160@60.000   4400   2250     135.0000 + +     594.000      176    88  296      8   10   72        from EDID [ref]
c                        3840x2160@60       4000   2222              + -     533.250       48    32   80      3    5   54        [ref]
S   VIC=117 2160p100     3840x2160@100      5280   2250     225.00          1188.000                                             16:9 (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=117
S   VIC=119 2160p100     3840x2160@100      5280   2250     225.00          1188.000                                             64:27 (pixel=4:3); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=119
S   VIC=118 2160p120     3840x2160@119.88*  4400   2250     270.00          1188.000                                             16:9 (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=118 vfreq=119.88/120
S   VIC=120 2160p120     3840x2160@119.88*  4400   2250     270.00          1188.000                                             64:27 (pixel=4:3); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=120 vfreq=119.88/120
=== Digital cinema 4x    3996x2160 1.85:1   // DCI 4K (4096x2160), flat-cropped (see also 4096x1716, Cinemascope crop); digital film, Digital Cinema 4x; not seen on displays?
=====! 4K Cin            4096x2160 256:135  // ~19:10, CMOS image sensor, DCI 4K, common; IMX255
==  DCI 4K, 4K Cin       4096x2160 256:135  // 1.9:1, ~19:10, ~17:9; Cinema 4K, 4Kx2K; DCI 4K container format; digital film, Digital Cinema Initiative, native res; HDMI 1.4 supports 4096x2160@24, 2.0 supports 4096x2160@60; projectors
S   VIC=98 2160p24       4096x2160@23.98*   5500   2250      67.50           297.000                                             256:135 (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=98 vfreq=23.98/24
S   CEA861 (v4l2)        4096x2160@24.000*  5500   2250      54.0000 + +     297.000     1020    88  296      8   10   72        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_CEA_4096X2160P24; CAN_REDUCE_FPS,IS_CE_VIDEO,HAS_CEA861_VIC,HAS_HDMI_VIC
S   VIC=99 2160p25       4096x2160@25       5280   2250      56.25           297.000                                             256:135 (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=99
S   CEA861 (v4l2)        4096x2160@25.000   5280   2250      56.2500 + +     297.000      968    88  128      8   10   72        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_CEA_4096X2160P25; IS_CE_VIDEO,HAS_CEA861_VIC
S   VIC=100 2160p30      4096x2160@29.97*   4400   2250      67.50           297.000                                             256:135 (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=100 vfreq=29.97/30
S   CEA861 (v4l2)        4096x2160@30.000*  4400   2250      67.5000 + +     297.000       88    88  128      8   10   72        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_CEA_4096X2160P30; CAN_REDUCE_FPS,IS_CE_VIDEO,HAS_CEA861_VIC
S   VIC=115 2160p48      4096x2160@47.96*   5500   2250     108.00           594.000                                             256:135 (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=115 vfreq=47.96/48
S   VIC=101 2160p50      4096x2160@50       5280   2250     112.50           594.000                                             256:135 (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=101
S   CEA861 (v4l2)        4096x2160@50.000   5280   2250     112.5000 + +     594.000      968    88  128      8   10   72        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_CEA_4096X2160P50; IS_CE_VIDEO,HAS_CEA861_VIC
d   LG 31MU97C-B         4096x2160@50.000   4736   2222     111.1001 + +     526.170      536    64   40     48    8    6        [ref]
S   DMT+CVT RB (v4l2)    4096x2160@59.94    4176   2222     133.1868 + -     556.188        8    32   40     48    8    6        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_4096X2160P59_94_RB; REDUCED_BLANKING
d   LG 31MU97C-B         4096x2160@59.998   4176   2222     133.3166 + +     556.730        8    32   40     48    8    6        [ref]
S   DMT+CVT RB (v4l2)    4096x2160@60.000   4176   2222     133.3199 + -     556.744        8    32   40     48    8    6        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_DMT_4096X2160P60_RB; REDUCED_BLANKING
S   VIC=102 2160p        4096x2160@60.000   4400   2250     135.00           594.000                                             256:135 (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=102
S   CEA861 (v4l2)        4096x2160@60.000*  4400   2250     135.0000 + +     594.000       88    88  128      8   10   72        linux/v4l2-dv-timings.h V4L2_DV_BT_CEA_4096X2160P60; CAN_REDUCE_FPS,IS_CE_VIDEO,HAS_CEA861_VIC
S   VIC=218 2160p100     4096x2160@100      5280   2250     225.00          1188.000                                             256:135 (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=218
S   VIC=219 2160p120     4096x2160@119.88*  4400   2250     270.00          1188.000                                             256:135 (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=219 vfreq=119.88/120
=== 5K2K WUHD            5120x2160 64:27    // 21.33:9, ~21:9; ultra-wide 5K; "4K", 2x2 2560x1080, 4K UHD wider by 33%; 105" TVs (LG 105UC9, Samsung UN105S9W), 34" LG 34WK95U
S   VIC=121 2160p2x24    5120x2160@23.98*   7500   2200      52.80           396.000                                             64:27 (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=121 vfreq=23.98/24
S   VIC=122 2160p2x25    5120x2160@25       7200   2200      55.00           396.000                                             64:27 (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=122
S   VIC=123 2160p2x30    5120x2160@29.97*   6000   2200      66.00           396.000                                             64:27 (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=123 vfreq=29.97/30
S   VIC=124 2160p2x48    5120x2160@47.96*   6250   2450     118.80           742.500                                             64:27 (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=124 vfreq=47.96/48
S   VIC=125 2160p2x50    5120x2160@50       6600   2250     112.50           742.500                                             64:27 (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=125
c   CVT-RB               5120x2160@59.985   5280   2222     133.2860 + -     703.750       48    32   80      3   10   49
c   CVT                  5120x2160@59.987   7072   2237     134.1912 - +     949.000      416   560  976      3   10   64
S   VIC=126 2160p2x      5120x2160@60       5500   2250     135.00           742.500                                             64:27 (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=126
S   VIC=127 2160p2x100   5120x2160@100      6600   2250     225.00          1485.000                                             64:27 (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=127
S   VIC=193 2160p2x120   5120x2160@119.88*  5500   2250     270.00          1485.000                                             64:27 (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=193 vfreq=119.88/120
====                     5160x2160 43:18    // 21.5:9, "21:9"; unseen on displays
====                     5760x2160 24:9     // 3x2 1920x1080; video walls, virtual monitors
=== DUHD                 7680x2160 32:9     // "8K"; "32:10"; "super wide 32:9 2160"
======                   8182x2160 ~34:9    // Sony F65
=== "12K gaming"        11520x2160 48:9     // "12K", 3x1 4K
======                   3002x2210          // CMOS image sensor
======                   4112x2248 ~16.5:9  // CMOS image sensor
=====!                   3072x2304 4:3      // common digital photo size, 7Mpix; image sensor in digital cameras, 7 Mpix
=====                    3456x2304 3:2      // image sensor in digital cameras, 8 Mpix, Canon EOS
=====!                   4096x2304 16:9     // standard image size
=== "UltraFine 4K"       4096x2304 16:9     // "real 4k"; "LG UltraFine 4K", 21.5" 4K Retina iMac; limit of raspberry pi 4 HVS
c   CVT 9.44M9-R         4096x2304@59.98    4256   2370     142.15   + -     605.00        48    32   80      3    5   58        x86 extramodes
c   CVT 9.44M9           4096x2304@59.99    5680   2386     143.13   - +     813.00       344   448  792      3    5   74        x86 extramodes
=====                    3088x2320 ~4:3     // iphone 7/8 front camera, 7Mpix
=====                    3504x2336 3:2      // image sensor in digital cameras, 8.2 Mpix, Canon EOS
=====                    3520x2344 3:2      // image sensor in digital cameras, 8.25 Mpix, Canon EOS
l   IBM T221, VS VP2290  1920x2400@25.00    2048   2434      60.8496 + +     124.620        8    52   68      1    2   31        common X11 modelines
l   IBM T221, VS VP2290  1920x2400@29.999   2044   2434      73.0186 + +     149.250        8    54   62      2    2   30        common X11 modelines
=====!                   3200x2400 4:3      // standard image size; some machine vision cameras (C-mount)
=== QUXGA                3200x2400 4:3      // VESA 7.68M3, 2x2 1600x1200, 4x4 800x600
======                   3600x2400 3:2      // CCD image sensor
=== WQUXGA               3840x2400 16:10    // wquxga (ffmpeg); VESA 9.22MA; "4K"; 2x2 1920x1200; IBM T220/T221 LCD monitors supported this resolution - discontinued and no longer available; cellphone displays, some SLA 3d printers
d   IBM T221             3840x2400@12.709   4816   2418      30.7309         148.000      104   384  488      1    3   14
d                        3840x2400@15       4096   2424      36.3601 + +     148.931        8   104  144      1    2   21        [ref]
d   IBM T221             3840x2400@17.11    4008   2406      41.1677 + +     165.000        8    32  128      2    2    2        limited by single-link DVI cable; [ref]
d   IBM T221, 2x1920     1920x2400@48       2640   2466     118.3674 - +     312.490      152   208  360      1    3   62        3840x2000@48
====                     4264x2400 16:9     // VESA 10.23M9
=== UW 5K                5760x2400 12:5     // "21:9", "ultrawide 2400"
=== DUHD+                7680x2400 16:5     // 32:10; "super wide 16:5 2400"
=== 18:5 8K              8640x2400 18:5     // 36:10; "super wide 18:5 2400"
======                   4320x2432 ~16:9    // CMOS image sensor, onboard processor
=====!                   3264x2448 4:3      // common digital photo size, 8Mpix; image sensor in digital cameras, 8 Mpix; CMOS camera sensor, common, some with processor; iphone 6 back camera; Zenfone M2 front camera
======                   3296x2460 ~4:3     // CMOS image sensor, onboard processor
=====!                   3280x2464 4:3      // CMOS image sensor; raspi camera (v2, IMX219, native resolution, mode 2,3, 0.1-15 fps)
======                   3296x2472 4:3      // CCD image sensor
======                   3360x2496 ~4:3     // CMOS image sensor
======                   3326x2504 ~4:3     // CCD image sensor
==== RED Digital Cinema  4520x2540 ~16:9    // 2540p, RED Digital Cinema format
====                     4096x2560 16:10    // "4K"; Canon DP-V3010 reference monitor for cinema footage postprojection reviewing
====                     5120x2560 2:1      // "5K"
=====                    4900x2580 16:9     // image sensor in digital cameras, 12.6 Mpix; Red One Mysterium
=====                    3872x2592 3:2      // image sensor in digital cameras, 10 Mpix
=====                    3888x2592 3:2      // image sensor in digital cameras, 10.1 Mpix
======                   3488x2616 4:3      // CMOS image sensor, onboard processor
=== Academy 4x           3656x2664          // digital cinema, postproduction; digital film, Academy 4x
======                   4008x2672 3:2      // CCD image sensor
====                     4800x2700 16:9     // "5K", 5x5 qHD (960x540)
=====                    5120x2700 256:135  // image sensor in digital cameras, 13.8 Mpix, Red Mysterium-X
===                      5120x2700 256:135  // "5K", same aspect ratio as DCI-4K and DCI-2K
=====!                   4064x2704 3:2      // image sensor in digital cameras, 11 Mpix; standard size
=====                    3648x2736 4:3      // image sensor in digital cameras, 10 Mpix
======                   3856x2764 ~4:3     // CMOS image sensor
=====                    4256x2832 3:2      // image sensor in digital cameras, 12.1 Mpix
=====                    4272x2848 3:2      // image sensor in digital cameras, 12.2 Mpix
=====                    4288x2848 3:2      // image sensor in digital cameras, 12.2 Mpix
======                   2856x2856 1:1      // CCD image sensor
====                     2560x2880 8:9      // half of 5K UHD, "Square Double QHD"; LG DualUp 28MQ780, 27.6"; some early 5K UHD monitors appear as pair of this
===                      3840x2880 4:3      // VESA 11.06M3, 2x2 1920x1440
====                     4608x2880 16:10    // VESA 13.27MA
==  5K UHD/5K/UHD+       5120x2880 16:9     // VESA 14.75M9; 5K, 5Kx3K; 2x2 WQHD 2560x1440, 33% larger than 4K UHD; on Apple's late-2014 27" iMac Retina 5K Display; lines least common multiple of 480 and 576 (6x NTSC, 5x PAL)
==                                          // other 5K res is horz 5120 (lowest common multiple 1024 and 1280), 4800 (800 and 960)
c   CVT                  5120x2880@29.99    6960   2932      87.9310 - +     612.000      368   552  920      3    5   44
c   CVT 14.75M9-R        5120x2880@59.99    5280   2962     177.70   + -     938.25        48    32   80      3    5   74        x86 extramodes
c   CVT 14.75M9          5120x2880@59.99    7136   2982     178.88   - +    1276.50       440   568 1008      3    5   94        x86 extramodes
c   CVT 14.75M9          5120x2880@60.00    7136   2982     178.88   - +    1276.50       440   568 1008      3    5   94        http://forums.debian.net/viewtopic.php?f=7&t=130839
=== UW 6K                6880x2880 43:18    // 21.5:9, "21:9"; "ultrawide 2880"
=====                    4368x2912 3:2      // image sensor in digital cameras, 12.7 Mpix
=====!                   2976x2976 1:1      // standard image size (instagram?)
=====! 5.3K              5312x2988 16:9     // 5.3K cameras
=====!                   4000x3000 4:3      // standard image size; image sensor in digital cameras, 12 Mpix; security cameras, 12 Mpix; 4K 4:3; CMOS sensor, common; GoPro Hero 7 4K 4:3; IMX253
====                     4500x3000 3:2      // on Microsoft Surface Studio tablet
======                   4256x3016 ~7:5     // CMOS image sensor, onboard processor
======                   3024x3024 1:1      // CCD image sensor
=====                    4032x3024 4:3      // image sensor in digital cameras, 12.2 Mpix; iphone SE/7/8 back camera, ipad
=====                    4056x3040 ~4:3     // raspi camera HQ, IMX477, native resolution
======                   4560x3048 ~3:2     // CMOS image sensor
======                   3056x3056 1:1      // CCD image sensor
======                   3072x3072 1:1      // CMOS image sensor
=====                    4096x3072 4:3      // CMOS image sensor, 12.5 Mpix, common
=== HXGA                 4096x3072 4:3      // Hex[adecatuple] Extended Graphics Array; "4K"; max Youtube upload resolution as of 2020
=====                    4672x3104 3:2      // image sensor in digital cameras, 14.5 Mpix
=== Full Aperture 4x     4096x3112          // digital cinema, postproduction; digital film, Full Aperture 2x
=====                    4160x3120 4:3      // Asus Zenfone M2 back camera
======                   4208x3120 ~4:3     // CMOS image sensor, 13 Mpix
======                   4224x3136 ~4:3     // CMOS image sensor, onboard processor
=====                    6144x3160 ~17.5:9  // Red, Epic X Dragon, Scarlet Dragon
==  6K                   6144x3160          // digital film, 6K
======                   4256x3168 ~4:3     // CMOS image sensor
======                   4384x3168 ~4:3     // CMOS image sensor
=====                    4752x3168 3:2      // image sensor in digital cameras, 15.1 Mpix
=== WHXGA                5120x3200 16:10    // Wide Hex XGA; 4x4 1280x800
=== UW8K, UW 7K          7680x3200 12:5     // "21:9"; ultra-wide 8K; "ultrawide 3200"
======                   4864x3232 ~3:2     // CCD image sensor
====                     7680x3240 64:27    // "8K"
======                   4872x3248 3:2      // CCD image sensor
=====                    4896x3264 3:2      // image sensor in digital cameras, 16.0 Mpix; CCD image sensor
=====                    4928x3264 3:2      // image sensor in digital cameras, 16.1 Mpix
======                   4384x3288 4:3      // CMOS image sensor
======                   4416x3312 4:3      // CMOS image sensor, onboard processor
=====                    4992x3328 3:2      // image sensor in digital cameras, 16.6 Mpix
====                     6016x3384 16:9     // 32" Apple Pro Display XDR Nano-texture Glass
=====                    5184x3456 3:2      // image sensor in digital cameras, 17.9 Mpix
=====                    5270x3516 3:2      // image sensor in digital cameras, 18.5 Mpix; CCD image sensor
=== UW 8K                8640x3600 12:5     // "21:9", "ultrawide 3600"
=====                    5472x3648 3:2      // image sensor in digital cameras, 19.9 Mpix
=====                    4928x3696 4:3      // image sensor in digital cameras, 18.2 Mpix
=====                    5616x3744 3:2      // image sensor in digital cameras, 21.0 Mpix
======                   5120x3840 4:3      // CMOS image sensor; some machine vision cameras (JAI Spark SP-20000, 20 Mpix)
====                     5120x3840 4:3      // "5K"; 5x5 XGA (1024x768)
=====                    5760x3840 3:2      // image sensor in digital cameras, 22.1 Mpix; Canon 5d Mk III
=====                    4080x4080 1:1      // image sensor in digital cameras, 16.6 Mpix; Hasselblad 503CWD
=====                    6000x4000 3:2      // image sensor in digital cameras, 24 Mpix (some extra pixels on side for 24.3 Mpix; it's Sony so no datasheets for the unwashed plebes)
=====                    6016x4000 3:2      // image sensor in digital cameras, 24.1 Mpix
=== UW 9K                9600x4000 12:5     // "ultrawide 4000"
=====                    6048x4032 3:2      // image sensor in digital cameras, 24.4 Mpix
=====                    6060x4040 3:2      // image sensor in digital cameras, 24.5 Mpix
======                   4096x4096 1:1      // CCD image sensor; CMOS image sensor
=== HSXGA                5120x4096 5:4      // hsxga (ffmpeg); Hex SXGA, 4x4 1280x1024
==  IMAX Digital         5616x4096          // digital film, IMAX Digital
=== WHSXGA               6400x4096 25:16    // whsxga (ffmpeg); ~16:10; Wide Hex SXGA
=====                    6244x4168 3:2      // image sensor in digital cameras, 26 Mpix
==  8K UHD, UHD-2        7680x4320 16:9     // 4320p, "Super Hi-Vision"; DVB-UHDTV; UHDTV2 (SMPTE ST 2036-1), 8K UHDTV (ITU-R BT.2020), UHD-2 (DVB); 2x2 4K UHD, 4x4 1080p FHD; intended to provide effectively "pixel-less" imagery even on extra-large LCD or projection screens
==  4320p                                   // UHDTV Rec.2020, Ultra HD Blu-Ray, 16:9
S   VIC=194 4320p24      7680x4320@23.98*  11000   4500     108.00          1188.000                                             16:9  (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=194 vfreq=23.98/24
S   VIC=202 4320p24      7680x4320@23.98*  11000   4500     108.00          1188.000                                             64:27 (pixel=4:3); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=202 vfreq=23.98/24
S   VIC=195 4320p25      7680x4320@25      10800   4400     110.00          1188.000                                             16:9  (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=195
S   VIC=203 4320p25      7680x4320@25      10800   4400     110.00          1188.000                                             64:27 (pixel=4:3); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=203
S   VIC=196 4320p30      7680x4320@29.97*   9000   4400     132.00          1188.000                                             16:9  (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=196 vfreq=29.97/30
S   VIC=204 4320p30      7680x4320@29.97*   9000   4400     132.00          1188.000                                             64:27 (pixel=4:3); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=204 vfreq=29.97/30
S   VIC=197 4320p48      7680x4320@47.96*  11000   4500     216.00          2376.000                                             16:9  (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=197 vfreq=47.96/48
S   VIC=205 4320p48      7680x4320@47.96*  11000   4500     216.00          2376.000                                             64:27 (pixel=4:3); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=205 vfreq=47.96/48
S   VIC=198 4320p50      7680x4320@50      10800   4400     220.00          2376.000                                             16:9  (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=198
S   VIC=206 4320p50      7680x4320@50      10800   4400     220.00          2376.000                                             64:27 (pixel=4:3); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=206
c   CVT 33.18M9-R        7680x4320@59.99    7840   4443     266.55   + -    2089.75        48    32   80      3    5  115        x86 extramodes
c   CVT 33.18M9          7680x4320@59.99   10784   4471     268.22   - +    2892.50       696   856 1552      3    5  143        x86 extramodes
S   VIC=199 "8K60"       7680x4320@60       9000   4400     264.00          2376.000                                             16:9  (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=199
S   VIC=207 "8K60"       7680x4320@60       9000   4400     264.00          2376.000                                             64:27 (pixel=4:3); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=207
S   VIC=200 4320p100     7680x4320@100     10560   4500     450.00          4752.000                                             16:9  (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=200
S   VIC=208 4320p100     7680x4320@100     10560   4500     450.00          4752.000                                             64:27 (pixel=4:3); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=208
S   VIC=201 4320p120     7680x4320@119.88*  8800   4500     540.00          4752.000                                             16:9  (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=201 vfreq=119.88/120
S   VIC=209 4320p120     7680x4320@119.88*  8800   4500     540.00          4752.000                                             64:27 (pixel=4:3); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=209 vfreq=119.88/120
==  DCI 8K               8192x4320 256:135  // DCI, full format
=== 10K, UW10K          10240x4320 64:27    // ultrawide 10K; spec by CTA-861-G (2017), not part of UHDTV broadcast standard; 10K is usually 9600 or 10240 pixels wide
S   VIC=210 4320p2x24   10240x4320@23.98   12500   4950     118.80          1485.000                                             64:27 (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=210 vfreq=23.98/24
S   VIC=211 4320p2x25   10240x4320@25      13500   4400     110.00          1485.000                                             64:27 (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=211
S   VIC=212 4320p2x30   10240x4320@29.97*  11000   4500     135.00          1485.000                                             64:27 (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=212 vfreq=29.97/30
S   VIC=213 4320p2x48   10240x4320@47.96*  12500   4950     237.60          2970.000                                             64:27 (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=213 vfreq=47.96/48
S   VIC=214 4320p2x50   10240x4320@50      13500   4400     220.00          2970.000                                             64:27 (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=214
S   VIC=215 4320p2x     10240x4320@60      11000   4400     270.00          2970.000                                             64:27 (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=215
S   VIC=216 4320p2x100  10240x4320@100     13200   4500     450.00          5940.000                                             64:27 (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=216
S   VIC=217 4320p2x120  10240x4320@119.88* 11000   4500     540.00   + +    5940.000      288   176  296     16   20  144        64:27 (pixel=1:1); EIA/CEA-861 standard; hdmi_mode=217 vfreq=119.88/120
======                   6576x4384 3:2      // CCD image sensor, 28.8 Mpix
======                   6576x4408 ~3:2     // CCD image sensor, 28.8 Mpix
====                     8192x4608 16:9     // "8K"
=====                    6940x4640 3:2      // image sensor in digital cameras, 32.2 Mpix
=== HUXGA                6400x4800 4:3      // Hex UXGA, 4x4 1600x1200
=== WHUXGA               7680x4800 16:10    // whuxga (ffmpeg)
======                  10440x4800 87:40    // CCD image sensor
=====                    7360x4912 3:2      // image sensor in digital cameras, 36.2 Mpix
=====                    7500x5000 3:2      // image sensor in digital cameras, 37.5 Mpix
=====                    11250x5000 9:4     // image sensor in digital cameras, 56.3 Mpix
======                   5120x5120 1:1      // CMOS image sensor, 25 Mpix
====                     8192x5120 16:10    // "8K"
=====                    5140x5140 1:1      // image sensor in digital cameras, 26.4 Mpix; Leica S1 line scanner
=====                    7212x5142 4:3      // image sensor in digital cameras, 39.0 Mpix
=====                    7216x5142 4:3      // image sensor in digital cameras, 39.1 Mpix
======                   8856x5280 ~5:4     // CCD image sensor
=====                    7952x5304 3:2      // image sensor in digital cameras, 42.4 Mpix
======                   8040x5360 3:2      // CCD image sensor
=====                    7952x5368 ~10:7    // image sensor in digital cameras, 41.5 Mpix; Nokia 808 PureView
=====                    7264x5440 4:3      // image sensor in digital cameras, 39.5 Mpix
=====                    7304x5478 4:3      // CCD image sensor, 40 Mpix, full-frame
=====                    7320x5484 4:3      // image sensor in digital cameras, 40.1 Mpix
=====                    8256x5504 3:2      // image sensor in digital cameras, 45.4 Mpix
=====                    8688x5792 3:2      // image sensor in digital cameras, 50.3 Mpix
======                   7920x6004 ~4:3     // CMOS image sensor
=====                    8176x6132 4:3      // image sensor in digital cameras, 50.1 Mpix; CCD image sensor
=====                    8256x6192 4:3,3:2  // image sensor in digital cameras, 51.1 Mpix
=====                    9504x6336 3:2      // image sensor in digital cameras, 60.2 Mpix
=====                    8956x6708 4:3      // image sensor in digital cameras, 60.1 Mpix
=====                    8984x6732 4:3      // image sensor in digital cameras, 60.5 Mpix
======                   10000x7096 ~4:3    // CMOS image sensor
=====                    21250x7500 17:6    // image sensor in digital cameras, 159.4 Mpix; line scanner
=====                    62830x7500 ~25:3   // image sensor in digital cameras, 471.2 Mpix; Seitz Roundshot D3 80mm lens scanned
=====                    10320x7752 4:3     // image sensor in digital cameras, 80 Mpix
=====!                   10328x7760 4:3     // image sensor in digital cameras, 80.1 Mpix; "the other 10K"
======                   18000x8000 9:4     // image sensor in digital cameras, 144 Mpix; line scanner
=== 8K Fulldome          8192x8192 1:1      // "8K"; Definiti 8K theaters, "Fulldome"
==  16K UHD, 8640p      15360x8640 16:9     // most common 16K resolution; UHDTV Rec.2020, Ultra HD Blu-Ray, 16:9
c   CVT 132.71M9-R      15360x8640@59.99   15520   8886     533.10   + -    8273.75        48    32   80      3    5  238        x86 extramodes
c   CVT 132.71M9        15360x8640@60.00   21760   8938     536.27   - +   11669.25      1464  1736 3200      3    5  290        x86 extramodes
=====                    11648x8736 4:3     // image sensor in digital cameras, 101.8 Mpix
=====                    13272x9176 13:9    // CMOS image sensor, 120 Mpix
======                   9372x9372 1:1      // image sensor in digital cameras, 87.8 Mpix; Leica RC30 point scanner
=====                    12600x10500 6:5    // image sensor in digital cameras, 132.3 Mpix
=====                    14192x10640 ~4:3   // image sensor for machine vision (Vieworks VNP), 151 Mpix
======                   18000x12000 3:2    // image sensor in digital cameras, 216 Mpix; Better Light Super 6K-HS line scanner
======                   16352x12264 4:3    // image sensor in digital cameras, 200.5 Mpix; actuated 6x shot
======                   62830x13500 ~5:1   // image sensor in digital cameras, 848.2 Mpix; Seitz Roundshot D3 110mm lens line scanner
======                   30600x13600 9:4    // image sensor in digital cameras, 416.2 Mpix; Better Light Super 10K-HS line scanner
======                   24000x15990 ~3:2   // image sensor in digital cameras, 383.8 Mpix; Better Light Super 8K-HS line scanner
======                   157000x18000 ~26:3 // image sensor in digital cameras, 2826 Mpix; Better Light 300mm lens digital line scanner
======                   38000x38000 1:1    // image sensor in digital cameras, 1444 Mpix; Pan-Starrs PS1





                a    b   c   d   e   f   g   h   i      j       k
640x480@60	25.2 640 656 752 800 480 490 492 525	-vsync	-hsync


Clock 533.250 MHz, 609 mm x 349 mm
3840 3888 3920 4000 hborder 0
2160 2163 2168 2222 vborder 0


modeline x 533.250 3840 3888 3920 4000 2160 2163 2168 2222 +hsync -vsync


SDTV NTSC interlaced:
active lines 23-263 and 286-525: SMPTE RP-202, ATSC A/54a, ARIB STD-B32
active lines 22-261 and 285-524: CEA-861D (DVI and HDMI)
active lines 23-262 and 285-524: IEC 61834-2, ITU-R BT.1618, SMPTE 314M (DV)
active lines 20-263 and 283-525: ITU-R BT.656, for 487 active lines per frame
even frame starts at line 266
SDTV NTSC progressive:
active lines 45-525: SMPTE RP-202, ATSC A/54, ARIB STD-B32
active lines 43-522: CEA-861 (DVI and HDMI)


PAL interlaced:
active lines 23-310 and 335-622: IEC 61834-2, ITU-R BT.1618, SMPTE 314M (DV)
even frame starts at line 313


frame rates all 50 Hz
PAL progressive:
active lines 45-620 of 625 total


HDTV 720p
1280x720, 16:9, square pixel, +-300mV tri-level sync pulse
active lines 26-746 from 750 total


1920x1080i, 16:9, square pixel, 1125 total lines, +-300mV tri-level sync pulse
active lines 21-560, 584-1123 from 1125 total, even field starts on line 563
TV-compatible variant:
1250 total lines, 300mV bilevel sync pulses, useful for CRT-based 31.250 kHz horizontal freq HDTVs,.


1920x1080p, 16:9, square pixel, 1125 total lines
active lines 42-1121 from 1125 total

 Common old fixed clock frequencies


[ref]


BIOS setting 1:


    Clocks   0     110.000 126.000 135.000  50.350  56.640  63.000  72.000
             0      80.000  75.000  65.000  40.000  44.900  49.500  50.000
             0      55.000  63.000  67.500  25.180  28.320  31.500  36.000
             0      40.000  37.500  32.500  20.000  22.450  24.750  25.000


  BIOS setting 2:


    Clocks   0     110.000 126.000 135.000  25.180  28.320  31.500  36.000
             0      80.000  75.000  65.000  40.000  44.900  49.500  50.000
             0      55.000  63.000  67.500  12.590  14.160  15.750  18.000
             0      40.000  37.500  32.500  20.000  22.450  24.750  25.000


  BIOS setting 3:


    Clocks   0       0       0       0      25.180  28.320   0       0    
             0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0    
             0       0       0       0      12.590  14.160   0       0    
             0       0       0       0       0       0       0       0    


  If the driver matches the clocks to the third setting above, function-
  ality will be extremely limited (assuming the driver works at all).


  5.6.3.  Clocks for fixed clock generators on ATI adapters


  This section applies to all VGAWonder and Mach32 adapters, and to
  early Mach64 prototypes.


  One of the following clocks specifications (or an initial subset
  thereof) can be used depending on what the adapter uses to generate
  dot clocks:


  Crystals (VGA Wonder V3 and V4 adapters only):


    Clocks  50.000  56.644       0  44.900  44.900  50.000       0  36.000
            25.000  28.322       0  22.450  22.450  25.000       0  18.000
            16.667  18.881       0  14.967  14.967  16.667       0  12.000
            12.500  14.161       0  11.225  11.225  12.500       0   9.000


  ATI 18810 clock generator:


    Clocks  30.240  32.000  37.500  39.000  42.954  48.771       0  36.000
            40.000       0  75.000  65.000  50.350  56.640       0  44.900
            15.120  16.000  18.750  19.500  21.477  24.386       0  18.000
            20.000       0  37.500  32.500  25.175  28.320       0  22.450
            10.080  10.667  12.500  13.000  14.318  16.257       0  12.000
            13.333       0  25.000  21.667  16.783  18.880       0  14.967
             7.560   8.000   9.375   9.750  10.739  12.193       0   9.000
            10.000       0  18.750  16.250  12.586  14.160       0  11.225


  ATI 18811-0 and ATI 18812-0 clock generators:


    Clocks  30.240  32.000 110.000  80.000  42.954  48.771  92.400  36.000
            39.910  44.900  75.000  65.000  50.350  56.640       0  44.900
            15.120  16.000  55.000  40.000  21.477  24.386  46.200  18.000
            19.955  22.450  37.500  32.500  25.175  28.320       0  22.450
            10.080  10.667  36.667  26.667  14.318  16.257  30.800  12.000
            13.303  14.967  25.000  21.667  16.783  18.880       0  14.967
             7.560   8.000  27.500  20.000  10.739  12.193  23.100   9.000
             9.978  11.225  18.750  16.250  12.588  14.160       0  11.225


  ATI 18811-1 and ATI 18811-2 clock generators:


    Clocks 135.000  32.000 110.000  80.000 100.000 126.000  92.400  36.000
            39.910  44.900  75.000  65.000  50.350  56.640       0  44.900
            67.500  16.000  55.000  40.000  50.000  63.000  46.200  18.000
            19.955  22.450  37.500  32.500  25.175  28.320       0  22.450
            45.000  10.667  36.667  26.667  33.333  42.000  30.800  12.000
            13.303  14.967  25.000  21.667  16.783  18.880       0  14.967
            33.750   8.000  27.500  20.000  25.000  31.500  23.100   9.000
             9.978  11.225  18.750  16.250  12.588  14.160       0  11.225


  ICS 2494-AM clock generators (found on some Dell motherboards):


    Clocks  75.000  77.500  80.000  90.000  25.175  28.322  31.500  36.000
           100.000 110.000 126.000 135.000  40.000  44.900  50.000  65.000
            37.500  38.750  40.000  45.000  12.588  14.161  15.750  18.000
            50.000  55.000  63.000  67.500  20.000  22.450  25.000  32.500
            25.000  25.833  26.667  30.000   8.392   9.441  10.500  12.000
            33.333  36.667  42.000  45.000  13.333  14.767  16.667  21.667
            18.750  19.375  20.000  22.500   6.294   7.081   7.875   9.000
            25.000  27.500  31.500  33.750  10.000  11.225  12.500  16.250

freedesktop DRM modes: https://cgit.freedesktop.org/drm/drm-misc/tree/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_edid.c